1. Combination of front and side
Scenery description can start from the front and directly describe the characteristics of the scenery so that people can understand it at a glance; you can also not start from the front scenery, but from the side with it. Relevant side scenes are written to reveal the characteristics of the thing and at the same time provide readers with rich imagination space. The combination of the two methods can make the characteristics of the scenery more vivid and prominent.
2. The combination of movement and stillness
In ancient Chinese poetry, poets paid special attention to dynamic description in order to create artistic conception. The combination of movement and stillness is a commonly used technique for describing scenery. In the use of this technique, poets often use originality and "every word" to make "the whole realm come out".
For example, the words "push" and "knock" are used in "Birds stay on the edge of the tree, and the monk knocks on the door under the moon" in Jia Dao's "Li Ning's Seclusion", and "Spring Breeze Comes Again" in Wang Anshi's "Boating at Guazhou". The adjectives of the word "green" in "Green River South Bank" are used as causative verbs, which are some examples of dynamic description. Many articles have been written on the use of verbs.
3. The combination of sound and color (the combination of sight and hearing)
The description of scenery in ancient poetry often involves sound and color. This is the poet's use of the senses to describe the scenery from multiple angles, allowing readers to feel as if they are there. Its environment has received a high artistic effect.
In poetry, the author often writes about the scene from the perspective of his own hearing, vision, smell, etc., which requires us to fully analyze what the poet sees, hears and feels when appreciating.
4. The combination of virtuality and reality
"Virtual" and "real" are two huge concepts. To be specific, they are intangible and tangible, abstract and concrete, imagination and recall. with reality. For example, "sorrow" is fictitious because it is intangible and abstract, while "a river of spring water", "a boat", "spring grass is luxuriant" and "the willow bank is full of wind and the moon is waning" are real. Ancient poems often use Use concrete and perceptible things to express certain feelings and feelings, or use imagination or memories to write about real situations and tastes.
5. The combination of points and surfaces
Everything is interconnected and does not exist in isolation. The same is true for the described scenery. They are always related to the surrounding scenery. Inextricably linked. Therefore, when the poet writes about the scenery, he does not write about the main object in isolation and stillness, but also writes about the connecting objects around the main object, combining points and surfaces to make the main image fuller and more distinctive.
6. Time and Space Perspective
In terms of time, the change of time in a day or in a year. There is always a sequence when describing scenery, distance, near, high and low, up and down, inside and outside, no matter what, it is always clear-cut. Su Shi's "Partridge Sky", the first film describes the scenery, from far to near, from high to low, with clear levels.
"The forest is broken, the mountain is covered with bright bamboos, and the wall is hidden, and the cicadas are scattered in the small pond with decaying grass." First, write the end of the forest in the distance, where the mountains are clearly visible, and then write the nearby green bamboos hiding the wall, and the small pond is covered with dead grass. , the sound of cicadas is everywhere, and then "birds are often seen when turning over the blank, and the red lotus is shining on the water and the fragrance is fine" from high to low, in an orderly manner. It can be seen that spatial order is a perspective for appreciating landscape poems.
7. Subjective and objective perspectives
From the subjective and objective perspectives of describing scenery, anthropomorphic techniques are often used.