Marriage is the practice and tradition of the Central Plains dynasty of our country. No matter you are strong or weak, marriage is indispensable. Why is it indispensable? Because the marriage is just a compensation for a real or fake princess, along with some treasures and materials, it can be exchanged for peaceful exchanges that cannot be obtained in war. For the country, it is a hundred benefits without any harm; of course, this is only compared to a In a large country, the feudal rulers applauded sacrificing a woman's lifelong happiness in exchange for a short-term ally and peace. Moreover, the Central Plains dynasties often had the "advantage" in having many marriages. The daughter of the emperor of the Central Plains dynasty married the leader of a minority political power, which had great advantages in terms of patriarchal lineage and title. The Tang Dynasty was the twenty-first emperor of the Tang Dynasty and lived for 289 years. At its peak, more than 300 countries paid tribute to it. Its territory was unprecedentedly vast, stretching from the Sea of ??Japan in the east to the Aral Sea in the west and Lake Baikal in the north. , and occupied Annan in the south. It was the first unified dynasty in China since the Qin Dynasty that did not build the Great Wall to reject Hu.
Why not practice it? Because there is no need. There are countless nomadic peoples who surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and there are almost no intrusive forces. All of this was obtained by the Tang army with the blood of their enemies. After the Tang Dynasty conquered the Eastern Turks and Xueyantuo, Tang Taizong Li Shimin was revered as "Heavenly Khan" by the surrounding ethnic minorities. No Chinese emperor before him had such a title of overlord. The Tang Dynasty relied on the policy of restraining and recruiting Turks, Uighurs, Tieles, Khitans, Mohe, Shiwei and other ethnic groups to attack hostile forces. The fact that they were able to use such means to start the war was not due to luck, but because the Tang Dynasty was too powerful. In one dynasty, more than thirty countries were destroyed, and those countries that survived had to obey; if they didn't, they would be destroyed.
Even though it was so powerful, the Tang Dynasty still needed to adopt a policy of peace and marriage that seemed to be "compromising". This was the way of governing the country and one of the cornerstones of the Tang Dynasty's strength. The key figures in the marriage policy are the marriage princesses, who to a great extent determine the success of the marriage policy. Judging from historical records, the Tang Dynasty's marriage policy was successful, and the marriage princess played a great role in national integration and social stability. Poetry belongs to the upper-class intellectuals, while legends belong to the common people, and the historical images of the Tang Dynasty and the princess are different between the two. The Princess Who Sings in Poems
The Tang Dynasty was another climax of marriage after the Han Dynasty. In order to maintain its rule, hegemony and promote national development, the Tang Dynasty successively carried out military affairs in many surrounding ethnic minority regimes that were beneficial to itself. Got married. Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng left their footprints in the history of the Tang Dynasty, making future generations admire and think deeply about them. The literati who were good at venting their emotions through "sad spring and autumn" did not "let go" of the princesses. The number of poems about the marriage princesses of the Tang Dynasty is really not as good as that of the marriage princesses of the Han Dynasty, or not as good as the poems about "Wang Zhaojun". In a few works, we can still get a glimpse of the scenes of the Tang Dynasty marrying the princess and other people's feelings.
Princess Wencheng married into Tubo. The advanced Tang culture was introduced into Tubo and maintained the development of the two countries. At the same time, Tubo's civilization process was also accelerated. Information about Princess Wencheng mostly exists in Tibetan documents and Tibetan folk songs; as for Princess Jincheng’s marriage information, in addition to Tibetan documents, many of the seasonal poems about her wedding also carry her image and thoughts. Getting married is lonely and long, filled with the sadness of parting. If you embark on this road of marrying a relative far away, you will have no chance to look back, and you will never see the birds flying and grass growing in your hometown again in this life. Princess Jincheng was married to Tubo in the fourth year of Emperor Jinglong's reign in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a huge battle, and some civil servants responded to the imperial edict and wrote appropriate poems to bid farewell to the married princess. The literary officials of the Tang Dynasty at that time all understood: "This marriage is different from Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet. This marriage is a compromise, and the only way to ease the situation is to use the emperor to marry a daughter." Therefore, these poems have a sad color, Literati also painted a sad image of the princess.
Ma Huaisu wrote in the poem "Fenghe Sends Princess Jincheng to Xifan": "Where is the emperor's son going now? The heavy marriage is suitable for a different place. The separation is heartbreaking and the separation is around Guanliang. Despair. The willows in the garden are sadly entwined with the mulberry leaves. I wish the yellow cranes were flying in the east. "Xu Yanbo wrote in a poem with the same title: "The phoenix is ??pity for the flute, and the boudoir is thinking about the treasure in the palm of my hand. In the pavilion, the temple emphasizes the importance of marriage. The stars turn to the Milky Way and the flowers move to the jade trees in spring. The sacred heart is sent away sadly, and I stay to watch Zhengchen. "Liu Xian also wrote in the poem with the same title: "The outer pavilion is on the right side of the river, and we are camping. Zhi Luqi. We are sad to be married far away, and we are about to leave. The wind is blowing, and the car is singing, and the music is blowing in the pipe." From this, we can easily see that these farewell ministers are also. It is inevitable that some sad emotions will be written into the poem, reflecting the tragic life of a princess who has a long way to go and never returns home.
Even comparing the prosperous Tang Dynasty in the past with the Tang Dynasty today, the sadness of Princess Jincheng who married far away not only represents her alone, but also belongs to this dynasty. From Princess Jincheng onwards, including her concubines from the Tang Dynasty, the poems are all sad and miserable. In the fourth year of Tianbao, Princess Yifang got married. There was no official in the palace or court to write a poem to say goodbye. Only she went to Xuchi Post and wrote: "I got married and left my hometown, so it was difficult to say goodbye here. The saint's grace was worried about the long journey, and I looked at each other with tears on the way." The beauty is gone, and the pink and black are still in the corner. Why is my heart broken? I will look forward to Chang'an one day."
This was the only thing she left in the world to do. You must know that the Tang Dynasty at that time was turning from prosperity to decline. Tang Xuanzong, who was trapped in arrogance and extravagance, did not realize the border issues of the Tang Dynasty. Marrying a princess from afar was just a tool to quench his thirst, ease his temper, and express his attitude. Functional tool; following Princess Yifang was Princess Jingle who married Khitan, but both of these princesses were brutally killed in less than half a year.
The Tang Dynasty truly went into decline, and could only rely on external forces to maintain its rule. The use of real princesses for Uighurs and relatives is the best proof. The eyes are in harmony with the snow. The pipa is wet with tears and the sound is so small that it is so heartbreaking that it makes people cry. Of course, not all of them are tragic poems like this. Wu Pingyi's "Send Princess Jincheng to Xifan" "The three sides of Guanghua are quiet, the smoke is clear and the sea is safe. I will love you on my knees, especially in the realm. The sacred thoughts fly to the mysterious algae, "Xianyi Xiabailan" successfully created the image of a married princess who stabilizes the border, stabilizes the world, and has great achievements. When the two countries were at war, the princesses risked their lives and took the initiative to join in the mediation. "There were more than three feet of lotus root silk and cobwebs, and Huihe complained that it was useless. Princess Xian'an's name was Ke Dun, which was far away from the Khan's Frequent Announcements. Yuanhe II In the new year, there was a new edict to reward horses with gold and silk. They still ordered the horses to be tied to the Jianghuai River. From now on, the generals of Heluo shouted long live and awarded gold, silver and silk seals. "There are also some poems that vividly describe it. The stunning beauty of the married princess is "like a peach and plum color, moving towards Lu Tingchun". Legend records the marriage princess
The first marriage princess in the Tang Dynasty was Princess Honghua. There are very few evaluations and descriptions of her, but in the folklore of Liangzhou, the people of Liangzhou gave us It presents a flesh-and-blood Princess Honghua with the mission of clearing the Silk Road. Princess Honghua married into Tuguhun and received a grand and warm reception from the people of Tuguhun. She quickly integrated into this foreign land, eliminating her doubts about marrying far away, leaving only excitement, joy and happiness. With the efforts of Princess Honghua, Liangzhou Fine Wine once again regained its status as tribute wine since the Western Han Dynasty, bringing a prosperous life to the people of Tuguhun. Under the painstaking efforts of Princess Honghua in her short life, the societies of the two countries prospered and the people of the two countries were able to live and work in peace and contentment. Whenever the birthday or death anniversary of Princess Honghua comes, or the day when the princess comes to Liangzhou, the people of Liangzhou will always "bring large jars of wine to the Yecheng hills to pay homage to her and thank her for her contribution to Wuwei." .
The spirit of Princess Honghua in heaven moved the people of Wuwei to love her, so she collected and sorted out the secret recipes of various fine wines and entrusted them to the owner of Lingyuan Pool in her dreams. With the help of this secret recipe, Liangzhou produced unparalleled fine wine. Later generations also wrote a twenty-cross elegiac couplet for her: "Long live the mausoleum of a shameless girl; Jiuyuan Sandi is the tomb of Zhenji." The wandering, cold, and lonely Princess Honghua in history is, in folklore, a great figure who was full of flesh and blood and benefited the people of Tuguhun throughout her life.
Princess Wencheng was an extremely important figure in the Tang Dynasty's external peacemaking. The princess's peacemaking and efforts ended the large-scale war between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, and the two sides maintained peace for a certain period of time. It is difficult to find traces of Princess Wencheng in Tang Dynasty poetry, but vivid folk legends give us a deep understanding of the princess's deeds. According to legend, that is, what the people said, on the day Princess Wencheng was born, "a five-colored cloud appeared in the sky, covering the top of the lady's deep palace in an impartial and upright manner. In the middle of the colorful cloud, a tall and tall cloud was faintly swinging. The big green lotus flower. Elderly people say that it is a great sign that Guanyin Bodhisattva of the South China Sea will send noble people to the earth." Such a vision destined this girl to have an extraordinary life.