Core Tip: Explanatory text is an introduction that lets you know clearly what something looks like or what it is, mainly to increase your knowledge and understand scientific knowledge; Argumentative writing is reasoning, which clearly reminds you to be brainwashed to understand a certain truth; Narrative prose (narrative prose and lyric prose) is mainly for emotional education, so that readers can follow you on an emotional journey and be baptized by their hearts unconsciously. If writing expository essays is a kind of "selling" and writing argumentative essays is an "injection", then writing narrative essays is a kind of "hypnosis"! Therefore, the creation of situation is particularly critical. Knowing this, it is not difficult to understand that we should mainly pursue the role of scenery description in creating an atmosphere in narrative, organically combine scenery with people, and better make scenery serve characters. The more poetic, the stronger the effect of hypnosis.
In fact, your description of the scenery is no stranger. You were exposed to these contents when you were in primary school, but until now, I often read such words in your articles, "How beautiful the scenery here is!" "The beautiful scenery in front of us is so charming!" How beautiful and charming, but others don't know, because your writing is very empty. So, how can we vividly describe the scenery? Let's take a look at an example first: 1, the clouds in the sky are rich in shapes.
The clouds in the sky are really varied and changeable. Some are like feathers, floating gently across the sky; Others, such as mountains and rivers, lions and galloping horses (excerpt from Seeing the Weather through Clouds). You see, they also write clouds, and the first sentence is not as effective as the second. The reason is that the first sentence is very straightforward, which is very similar to the situation in our classmate's article mentioned above.
But the use of description shows the different postures of the cloud concretely and vividly. Let's enjoy two more clips to see how famous artists describe the scenery.
3, peach trees, apricot trees, pear trees, you won't let me, I won't let you, all full of flowers to catch up. Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay and white is like snow.
Flowers are sweet; When I closed my eyes, the tree seemed to be covered with peaches, Xinger and pears. Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of different sizes are flying around.
Wildflowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, named and unnamed, scattered in the grass like eyes, like stars, still flashing. In this passage, the author painted a picture of spring flowers for us.
When describing peach blossoms, apricot blossoms, pear blossoms and wild flowers everywhere, what rhetorical methods and other techniques did the author use to highlight their characteristics? Please open your books, read the class notes and review by yourself. In this article, the author only focuses on one kind of scenery-spring flowers.
Through the angles of movement, color, taste, reality and height, a colorful and three-dimensional beautiful picture is outlined for us. In fact, this is the only way to describe the landscape-movement, color, taste, truth and height.
If you don't believe me, open the book again and read articles about scenery such as Winter in Jinan and Wisteria Waterfall. Our classmates have always had a vague understanding of scenery description, that is, adding a few simple and general rhetoric words to the description is considered description, which is wrong, for example: 4. The sky is clear, and the sun shines through the cracks in the curtains, like a warm current seeping into my heart.
The colors of sunny days are different, too. Dark clouds seem to be hidden under the beauty of white clouds. The sun stretched and finally went to work. (Excerpted from Zhao Bingjun's "After it clears up" in Class 7 (2), the third edition, the seventh issue of "The Sound") What are the shortcomings of the scenery description here? First, let's look at the object he described.
Sun, sky, dark clouds, white clouds, etc. Secondly, we can find that he used anthropomorphic rhetoric to describe the sun dynamically, but the color of the sky was not specifically written, and the dark clouds and white clouds were also described simply.
In this way, we can't see what color the sky is, and we can't form the image of dark clouds. It can be seen that the description of the sky lacks words to express colors, and the description of dark clouds and white clouds lacks words to express shapes, so does the sun.
Today, I'll tell you a remedy: First, you should add modifiers to the description of the scenery, that is, add some words to express nature, color and state before the scenery you describe to make it vivid. Second, the scenery description should use rhetorical devices, including metaphor, personification, contrast, etc., which can make the scenery more vivid.
Third, the description of scenery should be integrated with one's own feelings, that is, the combination of scenes and feelings is often said, in order to deeply impress readers and arouse their voices. Let's specifically analyze the matters needing attention in the application of scenery description: First, scenery description should not only grasp the shape, size, color, quantity and sound of the object, but also grasp the charm and dynamic changes of the object.
Only in this way can we grasp the characteristics of the scenery and make readers feel vivid and immersive. Examples are as follows: 5. At noon in summer, white clouds are floating in the blue sky of Wan Li.
Some of these white clouds are connected together, like rolling silver waves in the ocean, like mountains, and sometimes there are clouds of different sizes and shapes floating on a silver-gray cloud, like sea flowers blooming on an island reef. (Analysis: The author of this clip describes the shape and size of white clouds. )
6. In the distance, several oak trees stood quietly.
2. The description of the environment in narrative 1 renders the atmosphere.
2 Contrast the characters' ... moods.
3. Promote the development of the story.
(pattern)
Answer supplement
Or add more articles to enrich the articles.
Answer supplement
On a bright morning, the sunshine wrapped in morning fog quietly falls in the room and classroom through the window ... The soft golden sunshine makes us feel fresh, warm, happy and bright. Sunshine is with us every day. Get up in the morning and say hello to the sun; After school, I waved goodbye to the shallow sunshine. Life is full of sunshine everywhere.
Sunshine is everywhere in my life. Sometimes, sunshine is a kind word, seemingly small, but warm people's hearts. Once, a classmate in the class was not feeling well. When other students saw him, they all came to care about him and asked him for help. A small greeting brought endless warmth like sunshine to others.
Sunshine, or blessing. Whenever there is a festival, we all send sincere wishes to each other, "Happy holidays! Good health! Learning progress ... "These seemingly useless, but give people a sense of satisfaction, a joy, a warmth, just like the soft sunshine in the morning, so comfortable, so happy.
Sunshine is still a "thank you". Every time someone helps me, or I help others, I always say "thank you" from my heart. Whether it is me or others, when I hear this sentence, there will always be a satisfied, sincere and cheerful smile on my face, and I feel so happy and happy! Just like the sunny sun in winter, the sunshine falls gently on the body, which is enough to give people a good mood for a day!
3. The description of the environment in the narrative captures a ray of sunshine beautifully and makes the silent earth no longer shy; Hold a drop of sweet spring in your hand, so that the vast desert is no longer lonely; Pick a grateful heart and let the withered heart find the harbor of love! Thoughts are surging.
Yes, no bird will refuse the blue sky because its wings are not full enough; No plum blossom will refuse to bloom because of the severe winter and the twelfth month; No one will refuse the fragrance after pain because of a temporary failure. It was very cold last winter, and the teacher asked us to write a composition on the topic of "love". I have no idea at all, and because of my previous failure, I almost collapsed, and my heart seemed to be thrown into the Arctic Ocean. It's too cold.
When I got home, my mother was sitting on a square stool doing needlework, and her rough hands were blue with cold. I walked into the room, trying to find inspiration for writing, but my cold heart was not calm.
The door creaked open and my mother came in curled up. "Help mom put on the needle. The pinhole is too small for my mother to pass. " Mother said softly, I picked up a needle and thread. In a short time, the knot passed through the needle quickly and effortlessly.
I continue to look for my writing inspiration, but my brain is still blank. Suddenly, the door creaked again, and there were a few more lines on my mother's trembling hand. My mother whispered, "My mother is old and her eyes are not working well. Please put more on her. "
"Mom, you have affected my study. Don't bother me with such trifles, will you? " I almost shouted it out. "Mom took off the old cotton-padded jacket and wanted to sew a mat for you. Isn't mom afraid of you freezing in the room? " There was an embarrassed smile on mother's face.
I was shocked, you know, that cotton-padded jacket was the only gift my father gave my mother in those days! Now, my father has been buried underground, and my mother has warmed her daughter's heart with her most precious things, illuminating her daughter's way! I did not hesitate to write such a topic: Motherly love in the eye of a needle. Suddenly, my thoughts flooded and I finished this composition soon. Unexpectedly, this composition was published in the school magazine and was well received by the teachers. My withered heart found the first drop of sweet spring and found my confidence again! Since then, I have a cheerful figure on the podium; I have a confident smile after the exam; On the way to school, I was dashing.
I jumped out of the abyss, out of the darkness and towards success. However, I want to ask-who raised a lot of tuition for me with hard-working hands; Who chews the hardships of life alone, only for her daughter's studies; Who inspired her daughter with sincere actions and made the road to study bright? Yes.-Mom.-Honey! Thinking of you, I thank my mother. She is my lantern bearer. It was she who opened all the roads for me and gave me everything.
It is said that flowers are the promise of spring, the sea is the promise of flood season, the distance is the promise of road, and it is my promise to repay my mother with my life! I have always been moved by the lamb kneeling on his chest and the crow feeding back. However, these are so insignificant to me, but my mother's love has penetrated into my soul! I will always be grateful to her and repay her! I think: withered heart has found a harbor of love, and this harbor is the selfless love of mother! Comments: Taishan, , Anxi Teachers' Training School, Zip code: 362400 Tel:13505031512 The difficulty in writing the article "Thanksgiving lamp holder" is how to determine the connotation of the lamp. If I only start from the original intention of looking for lighting lamps, such as being trapped in a black hole or unable to find my way home at night, or in case of fire, earthquake or even war, what help can I get when I am helpless? They use fire or light to free me from it, make me grateful and admire, and so on, and the scope of writing will become very narrow.
If we can start with metaphorical meaning and extended meaning, and start from the deep level through the appearance of lights, the ideas and writing angles of the article will become wider and wider, and the ideological content will become more and more profound and rich. Su Meihua's article begins with a set of parallelism sentences, directly deducing the topic of gratitude, suggesting that the connotation of "lantern bearer" is a person who escorts me with love, which can be said to be straight to the point.
Then, the article transits to my memories of gratitude, first creating an atmosphere of gratitude events and describing the lantern bearer-my mother sheltered me with patience, tolerance, understanding and help when I encountered difficulties in my study, let me out of the shadow of family chores and show the tall image of the lantern bearer. Finally, through the transition to the third part, I clearly wrote my feelings and thoughts on the thoughts and behaviors of the lamp holder, and secretly wrote my own torture of gratitude, thus sublimating the theme and revealing the metaphorical significance of the article. Of course, it would be better if we could further expand the contact in the last paragraph, and take mother as a concrete object of gratitude, and connect it with all the people and things that should be grateful in the whole society, so as to make it more universal and deduce it into a universal law.
In a word, this paper combines narration with discussion, to the point, with rigorous structure and fresh language.
4. The role of environmental description in narrative. The typical environment of typical characters' activities often appears in narrative. Environment is usually divided into natural environment and social environment. There are several functions:
1, natural environment:
A, explain the time and place of the story and the space of the characters' activities.
Example: "That place is called Pingqiao Village, which is a remote village near the sea and the river." (social drama)
B, rendering the ambient atmosphere
Example: "There seems to be a purple shadow coming out of the sea on the horizon." ("My Uncle Yule")
C, compare the emotions of the characters
Example: "He banged heavily and looked at the reed pond. There, fresh reed flowers and unfolded purple velvet are floating in the wind. " ("Luhuadang")
D, compare the characters
Example: "There is a golden full moon in the deep blue sky. Below is the sand by the sea, with endless green watermelons. At the same time, a boy of eleven or twelve years old ... stabbed a horse. " (hometown)
Predict the fate of a character
For example: A Dream of Red Mansions
F, show your character.
Example: "When all the soldiers looked at it that day, there was not a cloud in the sky. Actually, it's too hot. Yang Zhi urged the group to walk on a secluded road in the mountains. " ("outwit the birth outline")
G, promote the development of the story.
Example: "It was the fourth day of June, and it was not noon. On the red day, there was no cloud, but it was very hot. " ("outwit the birth outline")
2. Social environment:
A. Explain the background, characteristics, social customs, ideas and interpersonal relationships of the story.
Example: "The people who are in tune come from all directions, squatting in the pine forest and squatting in the ditch of the bush. Although they are not far apart, they do not meet. " (Song of Yunnan)
B, rendering the ambient atmosphere
Exodus: "It's cold, and it's quiet everywhere. There was no sound except the explosion of shells. " (candle)
C, contrast the mood of the characters
Example: "Thrush around the forest; On the grass behind the sawmill, Prussian soldiers are practicing. " ("The Last Lesson")
D, promote the development of the plot
When I passed the city hall, I saw many people standing in front of the bulletin board. In the last two years, all our bad news came from there: defeat, conscription, and various orders from the headquarters. I didn't stop, I just thought to myself, "What happened again?" ("The Last Lesson")
E, deepen the theme
"In this land burned by gunfire, between the bent steel and the burned trees, the only thing that a Yugoslav mother cherishes-her wedding candle-is still in the grave of a young Soviet soldier." (candle)
5. What is the role of environmental description in narrative? To write a narrative with strong story, we should not only write the plot, but also write the natural environment and social environment. Write these two environments well, you can better compare the characters, and then express the center comprehensively and clearly.
The natural environment is a common description object in this paper. Social environment can be room furnishings, layout, places for people's activities, local customs and habits, etc. Scenes are the general characteristics of people's activities at specific times and occasions. Write a narrative with strong story and a good environment. Some people say that it is necessary to draw two pictures, that is, a "dead body painting" and a "murder painting" around the characters.
Extended data
Environment type:
1, natural environment. The most basic description of the environment.
The description of natural environment includes the time, place, season, climate and scenery of people's activities, which plays an important role in expressing people's identity, status and actions, expressing people's mood and rendering the atmosphere. In the composition of primary school, junior high school and senior high school, it is mainly used as scene explanation and borrowing, and can also be used for transition.
2. Social environment. Introduce and describe the background of the times and characters.
The descriptive characteristics of social environment refer to the description of the background of a specific era and the living environment of characters. The scope it describes can be large or small, as big as the whole society and the whole era, as small as a family and a residence. The content of description can be indoor furnishings, local customs and the atmosphere of the times. The description of social environment should have strong regional characteristics.
3. Detailed environment. Advanced description, psychological suggestion is better.
It develops more carefully and deeply than nature and society, and appears in mystery novels and realistic novels.
Sogou encyclopedia-environmental description
6. How to guide students to describe and write with the environment and talk about their own teaching ideas? Environmental description is an essential element in literary works and plays a very important role.
It can not only render the atmosphere, create an environment for character activities, but also promote the development of the story and deepen the theme of the work. Therefore, in junior middle school Chinese teaching, teachers can make full use of environmental description to carry out writing teaching and improve students' writing level.
Keywords: China's environmental description occupies an important position in excellent literary works. Teachers should guide students to understand these environmental usages in detail in the teaching process, which can not only deepen their understanding of literary works, but also improve their writing ability. Explain the background first to pave the way for the appearance of the characters. In literary works, the author usually explains the background of the story through vivid environmental description, which lays the foundation for the activities of the characters. At the same time, it can deepen students' profound understanding of the text and realize students' interpretation of the text.
For example, when studying the article "Kong Yiji", the author skillfully used the environmental description at the beginning of the article: "The hotel pattern in Luzhen is different from other places: it is a big counter on the street with hot water, which can warm wine at any time ..." At the beginning, the author introduced the basic pattern of Luzhen Hotel, and then explained two types of people who drink, the short coat shopkeeper standing in front of the counter and the house where they slowly sit and drink. This description of the environment paved the way for the official appearance of the protagonist Kong Yiji.
Second, it plays up the atmosphere and creates an environment for people's activities. The development of events is not single and linear, and there must be objective environment and character characteristics that determine the development of events. Compared with stage art and film and television art, literary works belong to a static language art, which cannot intuitively create a dynamic environment atmosphere to render readers. Only when the scene is described in words, and the related sounds, colors and situations are recorded and compared in words, can readers imagine the environment described in the works and interpret the dynamic events through the readers' imagination, thus laying the groundwork for the behavior of the characters in the works.
Third, display the image and provide a platform for shaping the characters. There must be a lot of descriptions of the natural environment and social environment in excellent literary works. The reason why the author describes and emphasizes these environments is mainly to highlight the rationality of the character's existence and the inevitability of the character's development, so as to make the character's image more full and three-dimensional, and let the reader establish an event dynamic line when reading. The classified query of periodical articles is in the periodical library. 4. Reveal the theme and set off the specific psychology of the characters. Most excellent literary works integrate their feelings into the text description by objectively showing the occurrence, development and evolution of events, so that readers can feel with the author himself.
Different environmental descriptions reflect different psychological characteristics of characters. For example, Lu Xun's Hometown describes the scenery he saw when he returned to his hometown at the beginning of the article. "In the yellow world, there are several desolate villages across the distance, and there is no life."
Use "sideways" to show an abandoned desolate scene, use "Xiao Suo" to highlight the desolate atmosphere in an abandoned village, and then use an "abandoned village" to affirm the desolate and silent situation of the village, so that readers can feel the sad feelings when their most familiar living environment becomes a desolate world. In the actual teaching activities, most students have a sense of resistance to composition writing, and the compositions written are mostly coping.
In fact, it is because students feel that they have nothing to write, and the fundamental reason is that they have not mastered enough writing skills. Therefore, we need to cultivate students' ability to observe and expand their migration, so as to guide students to learn from the previous writing methods of describing the environment to create characters, describing the scenery to create artistic conception and expressing the sense of * * *, thus greatly improving students' writing level and enriching their writing content.
Teachers should cultivate students' habit of observing. Only by practicing more can they write good works. Seeing more is being good at observing. Literary works originate from life, and both scenery environment and social environment exist objectively in life. Only by cultivating the habit of being good at observation can we ensure that the article is more real and vivid.
Sixth, teachers should guide students to achieve the integration of situations, things and me, and all situations are affectionate. On the premise of determining the emotional clues in writing, they should choose the corresponding environmental description according to the theme requirements, so that the true feelings can be revealed between the lines of the writing scene and attached to the scene. The scenery without any emotion is just a beautiful and pale "body", which can't really infect people.
Therefore, when teachers guide students to describe the environment, they must guide students to integrate their personal feelings into their works, so that readers can enjoy beauty in their hearts. In addition, teachers should let students know that environmental description is only an important means to set off feelings with scenery and express feelings with scenery, so as to avoid students from entering the misunderstanding of "feelings are not enough, scenery comes together".
Especially in narrative, the reason why the author uses environmental description is to serve the following articles to set off the characters. Therefore, when describing this environment, we must think twice before we act, in order to achieve the effect of "icing on the cake". 7. Appreciate the master's handwriting and master the method of environmental description. Environmental description in literary works is an effective means for masters to express their thoughts and feelings skillfully and reveal the theme of their works. It is also a manifestation of the master's pursuit of the artistic effect of his works and a great skill to show the charm of his works.
For example, in Lu Xun's Hometown, the technique of drawing lines was skillfully used at the beginning to outline the environment. "The cold wind blows hard, the sky in Huang Chengcheng, and the deserted villages far and near" outlined the lifeless, depressed and desolate scenery of my hometown in winter, rendered a bleak atmosphere, and set off the author's sad and miserable mood, reflecting the social reality of the dilapidated and depressed rural areas in China at that time. From this point of view, line drawing technique is very effective for enhancing the artistic charm of the article and highlighting the theme of the article.
In a word, skillfully using the role of environmental description in Chinese teaching can not only make the works clear and emotional, but also increase the appeal of the articles.
7. Read the following text and write as required. In your life, when you enter a new environment, you should integrate into a new culture. In August 2003, I came to the United States and started my 10 month high school exchange life.
Although I have been abroad before, I have been accompanied by my parents. This time, I will live alone in a couple's house with seven other girls of the same age from seven countries, go to school together and spend 10 months together! What kind of life would that be? Can I adapt? On the plane, my whole heart is always uneasy. However, when I was warmly embraced by American "parents" at the airport, I heard them say "Welcome, our China daughter!" When I saw German girls and Japanese girls who arrived one day earlier than me smiling sweetly and kindly at me, my uneasy heart immediately felt warmer and more practical, and I was ready to enter this small family of the United Nations. Then, girls from other countries came one after another. Everyone is talking and laughing, introducing themselves and their families, school and so on.
The car was full of laughter. Those girls from Europe have a good English. When we Asian girls sometimes don't understand, they and American "parents" will slow down and explain to us word by word over and over again until the most shy Korean and Thai girls can laugh. When we got home, we began to share rooms. Japanese girls were afraid of the basement, so I took the initiative to change rooms with her and became roommates of Korean girls. Every two people have a room, two upstairs and two downstairs, and everyone has a bathroom.
In an ordinary small house, the lively life of eight girls with different cultural backgrounds and a pair of "parents" began. At the beginning, there was a lot of trouble. We couldn't stand Korean girls walking into the toilet door, even if they just washed their hands, and often left us nowhere to go to the toilet.
She can't stand being woken up every morning by heavy metal rock music played by German and American girls next door, Slovak girls can't stand eating without ketchup, Japanese girls will suffocate when they smell American meat sauce ... and most people can't stand the kimchi smell that must be smelled every meal. Parents often say with a smile: "This is a cultural collision!" However, we don't want to spend ten months arguing. Everyone is gradually trying to understand each other's culture and customs. Every day after dinner, we will talk about the situation and news in our respective countries ... each of us will take turns cooking. Although some people don't like a certain taste, they will accept it. I succeeded in making them fall in love with Chili sauce, and Japanese girls made Slovak girls fall in love with seaweed.
When I set the table, I will take the initiative to put European blood-ketchup. When they set the table, they will take out knives, forks and chopsticks, as well as soy sauce and Chili sauce ... Every afternoon, when we come back from school, we will make tea together ... We feel more and more harmonious in our daily life. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, I introduced this traditional festival in our school newspaper, invited them to taste moon cakes and told some short stories of various dynasties. During the Spring Festival, American "parents" took us to Chinatown to see dancers.
Slovak girls often sing their folk songs to us, and Thai girls tell us how she prays to the king before going to bed every night. Every day; Every hour; Every second, the friction between us is getting smaller and smaller, the tacit understanding is getting more and more, and the friendship is getting deeper and deeper every day. We are all sisters, and outsiders often ask, "How can you get along so well? If you let eight American girls live together, they will fight! " At this time, American parents will smile and say, "Sincerity is the key to solving all frictions!" "Now that we have all returned to our respective countries, those true feelings still bind us together.
We are like a loom, and all the components and parts keep rubbing and colliding. After such running-in, we finally weave beautiful and colorful memories in harmony. Sometimes, I often think, there are so many religions and cultures in this world, how can people of all ethnic groups live in harmony? That is running-in-on the basis of mutual respect, communicate more, show the characteristics of one's own culture, and let all cultures understand and tolerate each other, so that the world will become more harmonious and beautiful! The comments on this article are full of twists and turns, with clear narrative clues, vivid description of characters and profound truth. "I am a snow bird in a cage, a snow bird in a cage."
Just a few days ago, I was flying and singing happily in the snowy and foggy forest, but now ... I look at my cage, and the cold and ruthless barbed wire blocks my last fantasy of the blue sky. With a clash, a dish of bird food was sent to the cage.
I take back my thoughts and concentrate on eating. Thinking of my first day here, I stubbornly refused to touch the food and water here.
I've been screaming all day, hitting the cage with my body again and again. However, everything is in vain. I know I can't get out of this cage. The next day, exhausted, I couldn't help taking a bite of bird food, but I immediately spat it out-the food smelled of * * *, mixed with the pungent smell of plastic, and I pushed the plate into the corner in disgust. This situation didn't last long, and I had to compromise under the threat of hunger.
After eating all the prepared food for the first time, I heard the woman say to the man, "You are really good. I heard that this kind of bird is difficult to feed. " "What's so hard about it? Everything has a running-in process.
Just get used to it. "I'm used to this life? I looked at the blue sky outside the window again, and suddenly found that the pain of losing my freedom became so vague and so far away ... I was a snowbird.
Snowballs in cages. Just a few days ago, I was flying freely over the snowy and foggy forest, and now … I feel that life is passing by little by little.
I lay at the bottom of the cage and stared at the small sky outside the window. I hope my deceased can get rid of this barbed wire and return to the blue sky I love after my death. Snowbird is a kind of bird that likes flying. We can hover in the sky for days and nights without getting tired.
I like flying towards the sun best, and let the dazzling sunshine shine on my silvery white feathers. However, that day, I was put in a cage.
I was imprisoned for this.