Li Bai, a native of Ji Cheng, Longxi (now south of Jingning County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province), was born in Qinglian Township, jiangyou city, Sichuan Province on February 28th, 70 1 year (the 16th day of the first year of Chang 'an in Wuhou). Another way of saying it is that his father was born in Broken Leaf City (now tokmak, Kyrgyzstan) demoted by the Central Plains, and moved back to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan Province (now jiangyou city, Sichuan Province) at the age of 4. His father Li Ke's life story is unknown. Li Bai was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He spent most of his life roaming, and traveled more than half of China. At the age of twenty, he went out of Shu alone and began to wander widely, starting from Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south, ending in wuyue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province) and Yingshan (now Guangshui City, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and visit celebrities, so as to be introduced, climb to the top in one fell swoop and realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An), east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created many excellent poems. Li Bai doesn't want to take the exam to be an official. He hoped to rely on his own talent and embark on his career through the recommendation of others, but no one appreciated him all the time. He once wrote a book to introduce himself with Han Jingzhou, a famous contemporary figure, but he didn't get a reply. Until the first year of Tianbao (742), due to the recommendation of Taoist Wu Yun, Li Bai was called to visit the Hanlin in Chang 'an, and his articles became famous all over the world. Li Baichu was appreciated by Xuanzong for his talent. Later, he couldn't meet the dignitaries. After only three years in Beijing, he gave up his official position and continued his wandering life. In the second year of An Shi Rebellion (756), he was angry and uneasy, and once joined Li Lin, the shogunate of Wang Yong. Unfortunately, Wang Yong and Su Zong competed for the throne. After the defeat, Li Bai was dragged into exile in Yelang (now Guizhou), and was pardoned on the way, writing "Send Baidicheng early". In his later years, he drifted to the southeast, and soon his uncle dangtu county made Li die.
The ideological content of Li Bai's poems
Eulogize ideals and express grief and indignation. Li Bai regards himself as an unrivaled talent, boasting that he has achieved the goal of "enlightening his wisdom, making the Atlas area big and the sea and county clear" and has always pursued the ideal of helping the poor and ensuring peace. He compared himself with Dapeng, Tianma and Xiong Jian: "Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars in Wan Li. If the wind stops, it can still lift away the raging water. " ("Li Shangyong"). Despise the strong and pursue freedom. He believes that with his own talents, he can "go out safely to make friends with the prince and overlook the bird's nest when he escapes" ("Send the Swallow Garden to Play the Preface of the Hidden Fairy City Mountain Residence"). He showed strong contempt for those dignitaries who enjoyed high positions and high salaries by virtue of their family background, and showed a proud and unyielding character. He despised the feudal hierarchy, was unwilling to flatter, and disdained to rise and fall with customs. The darkness of reality makes him a painting of Li Bai.
The disillusionment of ideals and the bondage of feudal ethical code hierarchy suffocated him. He longed for the freedom and liberation of his personality, so he adopted a wild and unruly attitude towards life to get rid of the bondage and strive for freedom. Its manifestation is binge drinking and singing, seeking immortality and learning Taoism. But wine can't relieve worries, and the immortal is more ethereal, so he praised the beautiful nature as the ideal sustenance and the embodiment of freedom "according to the unchangeable habit of my life" (Lushan Ballad). Mount Emei, Huashan, Lushan, Taishan, Huangshan, etc. It is majestic in his works, full of clouds and streams; The rushing Yellow River and the surging Yangtze River in his works swept away everything. It shows the poet's indomitable character and strong desire to break the fetters. Exposing reality and attacking current politics are Li Bai's angry struggle against society and an important embodiment of his rebellious spirit. He opposed Xuanzong's exultation and belligerence, exposing that he was not a man, which led to the sacrifice of the people's soldiers in vain. Because of Xuanzong's arrogance, the eunuch's power was hot ... Through the analysis of the political platform and the observation in Youyan's field, Li Bai was sensitive to poets, and he and Du Fu were the first poets to reveal the disaster at that time. When the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, his patriotic enthusiasm was sublimated and he got rid of the contradiction of using Tibetan resources. His rebellious character and spirit have profound patriotic connotation, social significance and characteristics of the times. His feelings are ups and downs, full of contradictions, and he has both lofty and vulgar side. His ideal and freedom can only be found in the mountains, in the fairyland and in his hometown where he is drunk and dreaming. Therefore, in his poems, such as Into the Wine, Songs on the River and Songs of Xiangyang, he reveals the negative and decadent thoughts of living like a dream, enjoying life in time, being in harmony with everything and escaping from reality among the upright and extravagant literati in feudal society. [6]
Artistic achievements of Li Bai's poems
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has a heroic personality and loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland. He traveled all over the country and wrote many magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers. His poems are bold, fresh and elegant, with rich imagination, wonderful artistic conception and light language. People call him "Poet Fairy". Li Bai's poems and songs not only have a typical romantic spirit, but also include the shaping of images, the intake of materials and the genre selection of Li Baixing's poems and songs.
[7] The choice and application of various artistic techniques have typical romantic artistic characteristics. Li Bai successfully shaped himself in his poems, expressed himself strongly, and highlighted the unique personality of the lyric hero, so his poems have distinct romantic characteristics. He likes to express himself in a magnificent image, expressing his feelings in his poems without disguise or restraint. For power, he "holds a chrysanthemum and stirs two thousand stones" (one of the two songs "Send Cui Shiyu after Drunk"); Seeing the hard work of the working people, he was "heartbroken like rain". When the country was destroyed and the people perished, he vowed to cross the river to clear the Central Plains. Draw a sword and hit the front column, and the sad song is hard to recover "("South Ben Shu Huai "), so impassioned; When drinking heartily with friends, "two people fall in love, one cup after another." I'm drunk and want to sleep. The Ming Dynasty intends to hold the piano ("Mountain Lovers"), which is so naive and straightforward. In a word, his poems vividly show his unruly character and image. Boldness is the main feature of Li Bai's poems. In addition to the factors of ideological character and talent, the artistic expression and genre structure used in Li Bai's poems are also important reasons for his bold and elegant style. Being good at relying on imagination and being subjective and objective are the important characteristics of romantic artistic techniques in Li Bai's poems. His imagination is extremely rich, almost every article has imagination, and some even use a variety of imagination throughout. Realistic things, natural landscapes, myths and legends, historical allusions and dreamland have all become the media of his imagination. He often uses imagination to transcend time and space, interweaves reality with dreams and fairyland, interweaves nature with human society and reproduces objective reality. The images in his works are not the direct reflection of the objective reality, but the externalization of his inner subjective world and artistic truth. One of the artistic techniques of romanticism in Li Bai's poems is to skillfully combine personification with metaphor, empathize with things and compare things with people. Another romantic artistic technique in Li Bai's poems is to grasp a certain feature of things and boldly imagine and exaggerate on the basis of real life. His exaggeration is not only strange in imagination, but also always combined with concrete things, so natural and unobtrusive; So bold, true and credible, it has played a role in highlighting the image and strengthening feelings. Sometimes he combines bold exaggeration with sharp contrast to enhance the artistic effect by increasing artistic contrast. Li Bai's best genre is seven-character poems and quatrains. Seven-character songs are long in length, large in capacity and free in form, which are suitable for expressing the poet's contradictory and complicated thoughts and expressing the poet's unrestrained talent, while Li Bai's seven-character songs adopt a structure of wide opening and wide closing and jumping. The beginning of a poem is often abrupt, such as a sudden surge, while the middle image of the poem is abrupt, often omitting the transitional care, as if there is no trace to follow, and the end of the poem comes to an abrupt end at the emotional climax. Li Bai's quatrains of five or seven words can better represent the fresh and lively style of his poems. For example, the beauty of "Making an Early Journey to Baidicheng" and "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the Way to Yangzhou" lies in "only looking at the prospect and oral language, but there are overtones and foreign flavors, which make people stay away from it. "The language of Li Bai's poems is fresh as spoken language, bold and unconstrained, and close to prose, but they are all unified in the natural beauty of' clear water produces hibiscus, natural carving'. This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty. He inherited Chen Ziang's literary thought and took it as his duty to restore the tradition of poetry and Sao. He once said, "Since Liang Chen, Yan Bo has been extremely thin, and Shen Xiuwen still pays attention to temperament and must go back to the ancients. Who am I?" (Bai Meng's "Gao Yi") He advocates "halal" and satirizes the ugly girl's "naivety in carving insects" and learns from Handan. The natural beauty of his poetic language is the result of his careful study of folk songs and his understanding of popular characteristics, which is clear as words, popular and vivid. [8]