The thief retired to show the officials
The author Yuan Jie Dynasty Tang Dynasty
Preface
Gui Mao was old, and the thief from Xiyuan entered Daozhou, burned and plundered it, and left several times. Next year, the thief will attack Shao forever, and will not retreat from this state. How can we defeat the enemy? It's just that Gai Meng is hurt and pitied. The envoys pretended to write a poem to show their officials what it means to endure hardships and levy taxes.
I still remember those days of peace, twenty years among mountains and forests.
the pure stream running past my yard, the caves and valleys at my door.
taxes were light and regular then, and I could sleep soundly and late in the morning.
things have changed suddenly, for years now I have been serving in the army.
when I began here as an official, the mountain bandits were rising again.
but the town was so small it was spared by the thieves, and the people so poor and so pitiable.
that all other districts were looted, and this one this time let alone.
do you imperial commissioners, mean to be less kind than bandits?.
are like creatures frying over a fire is the one who has collected money today.
and how can you sacrifice human lives, just to be known as able collectors?.
oh, let me fling down my official seal, let me be a lone fisherman in a small boat.
and support my family on fish and wheat, belongs to * * * Lake.
In the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong, thieves from Xiyuan broke into Daozhou City, burning, killing and plundering, and almost wiped out the whole city before leaving. In the second year, the thieves attacked Yongzhou and occupied Shaozhou, but left without violating the border of Daozhou. Can Daozhou officers and men effectively control the enemy? It's only because of the thief's pity. Why are the officials so cruel and bitter? So write a poem for the officials to see.
?
I met the Taiping Times in my early years and lived in seclusion in the mountains for 2 years.
The clear source is at my door, and the caves and ravines lie across my door.
There is a fixed term for land rent and taxes, and I still sleep peacefully in the middle of the morning.
Suddenly, I encountered a sudden change in the world and went to the front in person from the army for several years.
Now I am here to govern this county. Foreign thieves in the mountains often come to disturb the border again.
The county town is too small for foreign thieves to slaughter and plunder, and the people are poor.
Therefore, they captured the border of neighboring counties, and this Daozhou can be preserved alone.
The envoys were ordered by the emperor to collect rent tax, so it is not as good as the heart of thieves.
nowadays, the officials who are extorting and extorting taxes are just like frying in the fire.
Who wants to cut off the people's lives and be loyal and virtuous as praised by the times?
I want to quit my official position as the secretariat of Daozhou, pick up a bamboo pole and punt on my own.
I will lead my family to a land of fish and rice, and die in seclusion at the edge of the rivers and lakes. 2. When a thief from Nishihara entered Daozhou at the age of Guimao, which poem has the same meaning
The words of the article are "The Snake Catcher", and the words of the poem feel like Du Fu's "Three Officials".
Original question:
Read the following passage in classical Chinese and complete questions 11-12.
at the age of Guimao, a thief from Xiyuan entered Daozhou, burned and plundered it, and almost left. Next year, the thief will attack Yong ① and break Shao ②, and he will not retreat from Daozhou. How can we defeat the enemy? It's just that Gai Meng is hurt and pitied. The ambassadors (3) what is forbearance and levy, pretending to write a poem to show officials.
11. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (4 points)
(1) several times.
② how can we defeat the enemy?
answer: ① I almost robbed it before leaving. (2) don't (daozhou) power can defeat the enemy?
12. From this article, what is the purpose of the author's "writing a poem to show the officials"? Which classical Chinese article you have studied has the same meaning? (3 points)
Answer: I hope officials can reduce taxes of the people. "The Snake Catcher said" 3. The thief returned to show the official translation urgent
Yuan Jie Gui Mao was old, and the thief from Xiyuan entered Daozhou, burned and plundered, and left.
next year, the thief will attack Shao forever, and he will retreat without violating the state's border. How can you control the enemy? It's just that Gai Meng is hurt and pitied.
what do envoys mean by enduring hardships and collecting money? Pretend to write a poem as an official. I still remember those days of peace, twenty years among mountains and forests.
the pure stream running past my yard, the caves and valleys at my door. Taxes were light and regular then, and I could sleep soundly and late in the morning.
things have changed suddenly, for years now I have been serving in the army. When I began here as an official, the mountain bandits were rising again.
but the town was so small it was spared by the thieves, and the people so poor and so pitiable. That all other districts were looted, and this one this time let alone.
do you imperial commissioners, mean to be less kind than bandits?? Are like creatures frying over a fire, the person who was collected today. And how can you sacrifice human lives, just to be known as able collectors?? Oh, let me fling down my official seal, let me be a lone fisherman in a small boat.
and support my family on fish and wheat, belongs to * * * Lake. This poem and A Journey to the Mausoleum are the representative works of the author reflecting the social reality and sympathizing with people's sufferings. However, in denouncing the rulers' extortions from the suffering people, this poem has a deeper meaning and more intense feelings.
The preface before the poem explains why the poem was written. Guimao years old, that is, in the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong (763), in December, the ethnic minority "Xiyuan Man" in Guangxi launched an armed uprising against the Tang Dynasty, which occupied Daozhou (which was ruled in Daoxian County, Hunan Province today) for more than a month.
In May of the following year, Yuan Jie was appointed as the secretariat of Daozhou, and in July, "Xiyuan Man" attacked the neighboring Yongzhou (where the state was now Lingling, Hunan) and Shaozhou (where the state was now Shaoyang, Hunan), but did not attack Daozhou again. In the poet's view, this is not because the government is "able to defeat the enemy", but because of the "West Plains Barbarian" who has "hurt and pitied" the people in Daozhou during the war. On the contrary, the rent-and-hire envoys sent by the court to the local government can't sympathize with the people, and they are still cruel in levying taxes even though the people in Daozhou are "eating at the grass roots and eating at dusk is like a wooden skin" ("Journey to the Tomb").
Yuan Jie called the uprising ethnic minorities "thieves", which certainly showed his prejudice. However, in his poems, he compared "ambassadors" with "thieves" and set off the brutality of officials by affirming "thieves", which is very valuable to the author who is also an "official". The whole poem is divided into four paragraphs.
in the first paragraph, from the sentence of "the past year" to the sentence of "the day", write "the past" first. The first two sentences are a general summary of "the past", explaining his long-term seclusion before becoming an official, which coincided with the prosperity of "peace"
Three or four sentences about the secluded pleasure of the mountains pave the way for later writing about the darkness of officialdom and preparing to return to the old forest. The core of this paragraph is the "taxes were light and regular then" sentence. The so-called "well tax" originally meant the tax collected according to the ancient well field system. Here, it refers to the rent-and-rent method of collecting fixed taxes according to household registration in the Tang Dynasty; "There is a permanent period" means there is a certain limit.
Obviously, the author regards the people's lack of extra burden as the main sign of peace of age, and it is the important reason why the people can live and work in peace and contentment in and I could sleep soundly and late in the morning, which has set the stage for the rulers to blackmail the people at will when the present is revealed later. In the second paragraph, from "suddenly" to "this state", write "today" and "thief".
The first four sentences briefly describe his own process from coming out of the mountain to encountering an accident: since the Anshi Incident, Yuan Jie personally took part in the battle to conquer the disorderly army, and later served as the secretariat of Daozhou, when an accident happened with "Xiyuan Man". This leads to the last four sentences, which emphasize that the small town has not been slaughtered, and the reason why Daozhou can only be promoted is: "and the people so poor and so pitiable", that is, the "thief" sympathizes with the people of Daozhou, which is a praise for the "thief".
This poem is entitled "Showing Officials". The main purpose of writing this poem is to expose and warn officials, so writing "thief" is to write "official", and the following is the center of the whole poem. In the third paragraph, from the sentence of "envoy" to the sentence of "taking action", write "today" and "official".
At first, I wrote "do you imperial commissioners, mean to be less kind than bandits?" by contrasting "official" with "thief" with rhetorical questions. Isn't it better to be a "thief" than a servant who has been ordered by the emperor to collect taxes? This is an angry word attacking officials, regardless of the lives and deaths of the people in the chaotic areas, and it is the crowning touch of Yuan Jie's concern for the people's sufferings. The next two sentences refer to the direct description of Chen's facts: "are like creatures frying over a fire is the one who collected the money today", which more vividly paints a real scene in which the tiger and the wolf officials trapped the people in fire and water.
In line with the previous two sentences "well tax", it is in sharp contrast with "the past", and it is more profound and powerful to expose the officials who collected taxes. The next two sentences: "and how can you sacrifice human lives, just to be known as able collectors??" How can we cut off the people's chance to live and be a virtuous official considered by the rulers at that time? In the tone of rhetorical question, he gave a flatly negative answer, revealing the essence of "being a wise man of the times".
"Deathlessness" and "Sadness" take care of each other, and "Shi Shixian" is compared with "thief". Here, the irony of "Shi Shixian" is very strong. What's more valuable is that the poet publicly shows that he doesn't want to "kill people" or be a "scholar of the times", and takes this as a warning to other officials.
in the fourth paragraph, from the sentence of "longing" to the sentence of "returning to the old age", I frankly reveal my mind to the officials. The author is an official, and he can't disobey the king's orders, but as a tax collector, he doesn't want to "kill people". How to deal with this contradictory situation? The poet's answer is: I would rather abandon my official position and retire to the Jianghu, and I will never be a so-called virtuous minister who is a remnant of the people and wins credit and flattery.
This is an endless protest against the ruler's expropriation, from which we can clearly touch the author's passionate heart. Yuanjie was an upright official with the ideal of benevolent government and loving the people politically. In literature, it opposes the flamboyant poetic style of "restraining the sound and illness, but liking the likeness" (Preface to the Collection of Books in the Basket), and advocates giving full play to the social function of literature "saving the time and persuading the vulgar" (Preface to the Literature).
regardless of narrative lyricism, this poem refers to the facts, expresses the mind directly, and there is no trace of embellishment. However, the deep feelings of caring for the people when they are worried, such as naturally pouring out from their chests, have their own touching features, and they can also become rich in simplicity, showing the typical characteristics of Yuan Jie's poems, which are simple, simple and straight. Shen Deqian said: "Ci Shan's poems are self-written, and they don't want to scale up the ancients, but they are strange and interesting, creating a new path among the Tang people."
("Tang Poetry") This comment is appropriate. 4. Ask to the Tax-collectors After the Bandits Retreat to translate
Thieves return to show officials and merge
Yuanjie
In the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong, thieves from Xiyuan invaded Daozhou City, burned, killed and plundered, and almost swept away the whole city. The next year, the thieves attacked Yongzhou and occupied Shaozhou, but they did not violate the border of Daozhou. Can Daozhou officers and men effectively control the enemy? Just pity by the thief. Why are officials so cruel and bitter in levying taxes? So write a poem for the officials to see. ?
I met Taiping Shidao in my early years and lived in seclusion in the mountains for twenty years.
the clear source is at the door, and the caves and gullies lie across the door.
There is a fixed time limit for land rent tax, and you still sleep peacefully in the middle of the morning.
Suddenly encountered a sudden change in the world, and personally joined the army to the front for several years.
Now that I am in charge of this county, foreigners in the mountains often come to disturb the border.
The county town is too small for foreigners to slaughter and plunder, and the people feel sorry for their poverty.
therefore, they captured the border of neighboring counties, and this Daozhou can be preserved alone.
aren't envoys as good as thieves' hearts when they are ordered by the emperor to collect rent tax?
now the officials who are extorting money by imposing exorbitant levies. Urging taxes is like frying on fire.
who wants to cut off the people's lives and be a loyal and virtuous person praised by the times?
I want to resign from the Daozhou secretariat, pick up my penny and punt myself.
lead my family to the land of fish and rice, and live in seclusion and die of old age at the edge of the rivers and lakes. 5. to the Tax-collectors After the Bandits Retreat's translation and appreciation
The thief returns the official is one of the representative works of Yuan Jie, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. It's a poem denouncing the rulers' extortions. The preface of the poem explains the historical background, and then shows in the poem that officials ignore the life and death of the people, which is even worse than that of "foreigners". The whole poem exposes the crime of officials extorting and extorting money from the people of Daozhou after the Anshi Rebellion, criticizes the officials who extorted and harmed the people, and accuses the dark society that officials are not as good as thieves.
Translation
In the first year of Zong Guangde's reign, thieves from the barbarians in Xiyuan (referring to the ethnic minorities in Guangxi) invaded Daozhou and almost robbed all the property in the city before leaving. In the second year, the thieves broke through Yongzhou and Shaozhou, and stopped invading the border of Daozhou. Is it that Daozhou's troops can defeat the enemy? It's just their pity. Why do you officials have the heart to search so hard? So write a poem for the officials.
My early years coincided with peace and prosperity. I lived in the mountains for twenty years. Jing Quan is in the hospital, and the caves and ravines are in front of the door. At that time, there was a certain time limit for collecting taxes, and I could sleep peacefully at night. Suddenly I was caught in a war, and I went to the front to fight in person for several years. Now I'm in charge of this county, and the barbarians in the mountains are in trouble again. City thieves don't come to slaughter, because the people are poor and pitiful. The neighboring counties fell one after another, but this county was preserved. Is it better for an envoy to follow the emperor's orders than for a thief to be kind? The envoys sent by the emperor to collect taxes forced the people to fry with fire. Who has the heart to cut off the people's lives and be a capable official? I really want to return the official seal, pick up the bamboo pole and punt myself. Lead the whole family to shoot fingerling wheat, and live by rivers and lakes until they are old. 6. The original work of the thief returning to show the official
The thief returning to show the official (and the sequence)
The thief from Nishihara entered Daozhou, burned and plundered, and left. Next year, the thief will attack Shao forever (3) and retreat (4) without making the state mean. How can we defeat the enemy? It's just that Gai Meng is hurt and pitied. The envoys pretended to write a poem to show their officials what it means to endure hardships and levy taxes.
I still remember those days of peace [6], twenty years among mountains and forests.
the pure stream running past my yard once, the caves and valleys at my door once.
taxes were light and regular then ⑼, and I could sleep soundly and late in the morning ⑽.
things have changed suddenly, for years now I have been serving in the army.
when I began here as an official [13], the mountain bandits were rising again.
but the town was so small it was spared by the thieves, and the people so poor and so pitiable.
that all other districts were looted, and this one this time let alone [14].
do you imperial commissioners ⒂, mean to be less kind than bandits??
are like creatures frying over a fire is the one who has collected money today.
and how can you sacrifice human lives has displayed, just to be known as able collectors?!
oh, let me fling down my official seal ⒄, let me be a lone fisherman in a small boat ⒅.
and support my family on fish and wheat ⒆, belongs to * * * Lake ⒇. 7. Poor poetry is an ancient prose. I want to translate it.
I have heard people in the world often say that poets are less proud of their achievements and more miserable. Is this really the case? Probably because most of the poems handed down in the world are the works of ancient people in distress. Scholars who have hidden their talents and ambitions, but can't display them in the present world, mostly like to indulge in the mountains and waters. When they see external things such as insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, they often explore and study their strangeness. And their inner sadness, emotion, anger and other emotions are pinned on the works of resentment and satire, and they pour out the lament of the widows who are chasing officials, and write the feelings that people can't express. Probably, the more the poet is in trouble, the better the poem he writes. So, it is not that writing poetry can make people in trouble, but that the poet can write good poems only after he is in trouble. My friend Mei Shengyu, who was a junior official when he was young, repeatedly made up for it because of the shadow attack. Always suppressed by the examiner's department, he has been in trouble at the local level for more than ten years. He is 5 years old, and he has to rely on others to make a letter of appointment to be a clerk. He has his own talents and wisdom, which can't be fully expressed in his career. His hometown is in Wanling, and he studied poetry at an early age. Since he was a child, he has surprised his elders by writing poems.