Jin Se" is one of the most controversial poems in the history of Chinese poetry. This poem is famous for its obscurity of meaning and hazy artistic conception. Its unique hazy beauty and rich suggestiveness have attracted poetry critics and annotators of all ages to try to unravel her mysterious veil again and again.
Most of Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand, but "Jin Se" is the first among them. The use of allusions is one of the main reasons why Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand. Because Li Shangyin's poems often use allusions sentence by sentence, and when using allusions, they "often use them secretly, borrow them, or use them in a creative way." (1) Even one allusion can be used for multiple purposes. Therefore, the meaning of the poem is often different from the meaning expressed in the original allusion. The poem "Jin Se" cites more than one allusion, and these allusions were integrated by the poet, "created by subjective imagination, to embody a brand-new image. It has separated from the original concept of historical time and space, and exists. It has become an independent image of catching up with the law." (2) This article will summarize and analyze the comments of the poem by poetry critics of the past dynasties, and try to interpret and appreciate it by analyzing the use of allusions in the poem.
1. Commentary in the past dynasties
From Liu Xun and Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty to the present, there are no less than a hundred people who have interpreted the poem. Poetry commentators in the past dynasties have made great interpretations of the poem, but their opinions are inconsistent. contradict each other. If they are slightly summarized and classified, they can be roughly divided into the following seven items: (3)
1. Lezhi Theory
This theory focuses on the title of "Jin Se" and believes that This poem is about the musical instrument harp. "Xiansu Miscellaneous Notes" says: "Jinse is only a vessel, with fifty strings and fifty pillars. Its sound is also suitable for plainness and harmony. Li's poem "Zhuang Sheng's dream at dawn is obsessed with butterflies" is suitable; "Wang the emperor's spring heart" "To hold the cuckoo," means resentment; "The moon in the sea has tears", means "qing"; "The warm sun in the blue field creates smoke", and the meaning of the song is expressed in one piece. " and Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" also hold this view. The author thinks that this theory focuses too much on the title and ignores the original meaning of the poem's text.
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Discover and appreciate the theme of Li Shangyin's "Jin Se"
Jin Se has fifty strings for no reason, each string and one column reflect the past. .
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and he looked forward to the emperor's spring heart filled with cuckoos.
The bright moon in the sea has tears, and the warm sun in Lantian produces smoke.
This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss at that time.
——Li Shangyin's "Jin Se"
"Jin Se" is one of the most controversial poems in the history of Chinese poetry. This poem is famous for its obscurity of meaning and hazy artistic conception. Its unique hazy beauty and rich suggestiveness have attracted poetry critics and annotators of all ages to try to unravel her mysterious veil again and again.
Most of Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand, but "Jin Se" is the first among them. The use of allusions is one of the main reasons why Li Shangyin's poems are difficult to understand. This is because Li Shangyin's poems often use allusions line by line, and when using allusions, they "often use them secretly, borrow them, or use them flexibly." (1) Even one allusion can be used for multiple purposes. Therefore, the meaning of the poem is often different from the meaning expressed in the original allusion. The poem "Jin Se" cites more than one allusion, and these allusions were integrated by the poet, "created by subjective imagination, to embody a brand-new image. It has separated from the original concept of historical time and space, and exists. It has become an independent image of catching up with the law." (2) This article will summarize and analyze the comments of the poem by poetry critics of the past dynasties, and try to interpret and appreciate it by analyzing the use of allusions in the poem.
1. Commentary in the past dynasties
From Liu Xun and Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty to the present, there are no less than a hundred people who have interpreted the poem. Poetry commentators in the past dynasties have made great interpretations of the poem, but their opinions are inconsistent. contradict each other. If they are slightly summarized and classified, they can be roughly divided into the following seven items: (3)
1. Lezhi Theory
This theory focuses on the title of "Jin Se" and believes that This poem is about the musical instrument harp. "Xiansu Miscellaneous Notes" says: "Jinse is only a vessel, with fifty strings and fifty pillars. Its sound is also suitable for plainness and harmony. Li Shi's poem "Zhuang Sheng's Xiaomeng is obsessed with butterflies" is suitable; "Wang the emperor's spring heart" "To hold the cuckoo," means resentment; "The moon in the sea has tears", means "qing"; "The warm sun in the blue field creates smoke", and the meaning of the song is expressed in one piece. " and Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua" also hold this view. The author thinks that this theory focuses too much on the title and ignores the original meaning of the poem's text. (5)
2. The theory of mourning for death
He Zhuo said in "Yishan Poetry Collection" that "this is a poem about mourning death. The first couplet is sad based on the fifty-stringed harp played by a virgin drum." , the emperor cannot stop at the beginning, saying that the feeling of sadness cannot be stopped; the second couplet is sad that it has turned into a foreign object; the abdominal couplet is also sad that it cannot be revived, and it is called "Si Hua Nian" and "Reminiscence" , the purpose is clear.
"(6) Feng Hao, Zhu Heling, and Zhu Yizun of the Qing Dynasty also advocated this theory. (7) Meng Xinshi, a recent scholar, even verified it as a mourning poem from Li Shangyin's life. (8) This theory has a certain theoretical basis, but it is a pity that it does not discuss mourning.
3. Love theory
From the perspective of the word Jinse, it may be said that this is the name of a woman, or it may be said that it is a symbol of love. Liu Jiu recognized her as Qingyi from the Chu family of Linghu. Song Ji Minfu's "Tang Shi Ji Shi" says, "Jinse is Linghu's concubine." "(9) Su Xuelin believes that "Jin Se is a souvenir of Shang Yin's love." (10) Zheng Xuping believes that Li Shangyin wrote it for his aunt. (11) This statement is purely arbitrary and cannot be trusted.
< p>4. The theory of self-injuryWang Shihan of the Qing Dynasty believed that Li Shangyin used Jinse to injure himself. (12) In addition, the contemporary Wang Fumin also advocated this theory (13). The arguments for this theory are relatively reasonable, but there are problems when interpreting the couplet. For example, Wang Fumin said, "'Canghai' means officialdom, 'Moon' means powerful ministers, and 'Sun' means monarch, so we come to the conclusion that 'powerful ministers have no authority,' and 'emperor's favor'" "A rare conclusion", (14) This is obviously a metaphor for the meaning of the song.
5. Metaphorical theory
Zhang Caitian of the Qing Dynasty believed that this poem expresses (15) And Liu Wenying believes that the whole meaning of this poem is to express his feelings for Linghu Taoju and lament his downfall. "(16) This theory is too far-fetched.
6. On Poetry
Because the textbook of Li Yishan's poetry collection of the Song Dynasty lists this poem at the beginning of the volume, I believe that this is a summary of the poet's life. Wang Yingkui of the Qing Dynasty held this view in his "Liu Nan Essays". Qian Zhongshu and Shao Derun explained that this poem was a work on poetry based on the theory of image thinking. (18)
7. Others
Some people think that if the meaning of poetry is exhausted, it will be meaningless, and they advocate not to delve into it. For example, Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said in "The Complete Poetry of the Tang Dynasty" that "if you don't understand it, it will be meaningless; if you understand it, the meaning will be exhausted." "(19) Liang Qichao also believed that this poem "if you take it apart and ask me to explain it, I can't even understand the original meaning. I think it is beautiful, and reading it gives me a new spiritual pleasure. "(20) This statement places too much emphasis on perceptual impressions and can only be used as appreciation notes.
Looking at all the reviews, there is no lack of objective remarks in them, but many poetry critics often add too many arbitrary judgments when they use their will to go against their will. They make conjectures and even make conjectures; when understanding people and discussing the world, they often associate this poem with one thing, and they do not hesitate to misinterpret the meaning of the poem, without considering the difference between the narrative of the poem and the historical facts.
2. Solve the problem
In poetry before the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the relationship between the poem and the title was relatively loose. However, starting from the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between the poem and the title began to be closely integrated. The poems not only "wrote the title word for word", "but also the understanding of the poetic meaning often relied on The title provides clues." (21) On the other hand, since the titles in the Tang and Song Dynasties were mostly clear, "the vague titles often hint at the poetic meaning of the poem but have something else to say. "(22)
The title of the poem "Jin Se" has also caused a lot of controversy. Many commentators believe that the title "Jin Se" is only named after the first two characters of this poem. In fact, It is the same as untitled poems. For example, "Danzhou Poetry Talk" says: "Yi Shan is usually an untitled or untitled poem with a meaning, but it does not necessarily mean something. "Jin Se" is a special one. The method is the same as the three poems of "Bicheng"...the first two characters are taken as the title, but in fact there is no title. "(23) Yu Shouzhen and Shi Zhecun also agree with this statement. (24) Although this statement is reasonable, it also has flaws. Since Li Shangyin intended it to be an untitled poem, why not make a poem with a style and approach similar to that of an untitled poem? Why is it also named "Untitled"? Therefore, although "Jin Se" seems to only take two characters as its title, this poem actually has its own meaning, but it is not just a "cut off" of the first two characters. "An untitled poem with a metaphorical origin and no connection with the literal meaning. Although the things written are related to Se, it has some sustenance.
3. Suoyin
Facing The rich and confusing realm of poetry and a lot of divergent conjectures can be confusing at first, but if you look closely, you can find that there are clues to follow in the confusion, and there are similarities among the differences. It is less conjecture, but it is actually the commanding meaning of the poem itself and the different feelings and associations it causes in different readers. They are often integrated and not fully understood, but they do not have to be mutually exclusive, if we follow the clues provided by the poet. By finding its theme and tone and integrating various theories that can be connected, compatible or parallel, we may be able to get closer to the original appearance of the poem without being strict about its rich connotation, and it will also have some influence on its artistic characteristics. A more practical experience and understanding.
The first and last couplets of rhythmic poems generally have more narrative and direct lyrical elements, and the ideas of the whole article are often contained in them, and sometimes they are even pointed out. The two couplets on the jaw and abdomen are often perfunctory, and the image density is relatively high. The first couplet of this poem uses the shape of "fifty strings" and the sad sound of "one string and one column" to lead to "Thinking of the Chinese Years", and the last couplet ends with "Cheng". "Reminiscence" responds to the word "thinking", and uses "wandering" to awaken the feeling of thinking about the Chinese years. This has told us to some extent: this poem is a poem written by the poet recalling the past events of the Chinese years, and feeling confused. Of course, this kind of futile reflection on his life experience in the Chinese years Sentiment has a very broad content, which can include the poet's mourning pain and even the tragedy of his love life. It is also related to the poet's poetry creation that describes the poet's unfortunate life experience and is full of sentimental sentiment.
Personally, I think that for a poet like Li Shangyin, a gentleman like Li Shangyin, who is desolate and lonely, and who "can mourn spring and farewell", can be said to be a trinity. Jinse can be seen as a symbol of the poet's desolate life experience, and it can also be seen as a metaphor for the creation of sentimental poetry about his life experience, just as he said in the poem "Drunk and Composed in the East Pavilion of Chongrang's House": "The famous sayings are still there, and the life experience is like a jade piano." Of course, according to poems such as "Yu Mu", "Fang Zhongqu", and "Xixi", it is believed that it is related to the memory of his wife Wang. In fact, these are parallel to each other, because in the sad music Among them are the sounds of mourning.
The first sentence is inspired by Jinse. Facing the Jinse, the poet was happy and sad, so he made silly words to express his regrets and condolences. How many strings the Jinse had followed had nothing to do with human affairs, but he made human words, criticizing them as "unprovoked", and a feeling of infatuation and resentment immediately appeared. Therefore, Xue Xue said in "Yipiao Shihua": "This poem is all about the word 'without reason' at the beginning of the sentence, and the whole body is wonderful, and it all comes from this." (25) There are so many strings in Jinse, which is not surprising. "No" or "fault", but the poet wants to complain about it: Jinse, why do you have so many strings? As far as Jinse is concerned, "fifty strings" is a common practice in poets' poems, such as "On the night of July 28th, Wang and Zheng Erxiucai listened to the rain and dreamed of it": "The rain hits the Xiangling fifty strings", and another example is "Because the rain hits the Xiangling fifty strings" "Order fifty silks, divide the palace into palaces along the middle path", which all shows that this has no special purpose in the poem. Some people say that the poet lamented the passage of time because he was nearly fifty (according to the chronology, the poet was forty-five at this time) and could not help but recall the past years. In fact, it is not the case. The "fifty strings" set up are just to create an atmosphere, so as to see the thousands of past events and the nine tunes of emotions. The poet did not write this to make people count numbers. Therefore, in order to understand this poem, it is necessary to first understand the purpose. It is not advisable to stick to the pillars and play the harp instead. Song Dynasty poet He Zhu's "Sapphire Case": "Who will spend the golden years?", but this couplet is by no means the author's golden years. Because "Hua Nian" and "Nian Hua" are different. This "Hua Nian" cannot be interpreted as age, but refers to "youth", which is the so-called youth. "One string and one column misses the Chinese years" means: the poet listens to the complicated strings of the Jinse and thinks about the past of the Chinese years; the sounds are complicated and the thoughts are chaotic, and it is difficult to express the regret. Our fighting spirit is very broad, so the poet will not just lament the passing of his youth. At this time, he should be "contemplating in silence, thinking for thousands of years; quietly moving, seeing thousands of miles away." At this time, he may be thinking about his late flag, or he may be concentrating on his life's creations, but all these thoughts are caused by Caused by the sad sound made by the harp. When the poet heard the sad sound of "one string and one pillar", he couldn't help but touch his own life experience and immersed himself in the memory of the passage of Chinese years. William James once said: "Human consciousness does not seem to itself to be many fragments cut into segments. At first glance, it seems that it can be described with words like 'chain' or 'series', but in fact it is Improper. Consciousness is not put together piece by piece." (26) It can be seen that the poet's thoughts at this time cannot be just a diachronic activity, that is, one piece at a time, and it should be ** at the same time. At this moment, many pictures appeared in front of the poet's eyes at the same time. It is reasonable for poets to think about people when they see things. In the past, compilers usually only paid attention to the "four sentences" of this sentence. In fact, the beauty lies in the four words "one string and one pillar". The first couplet is composed of "fifty strings" and "one string and one column", which is a continuation of the words. The second sentence is composed of "one string and one column" and "sihuanian", which is the inheritance of meaning. In addition, this couplet has two chin couplets and neck couplets. The content and expression of the poems are a general reminder, indicating that what they describe is not only the sound of the harp, but also the poet's "simultaneous year" expressed in his heart. Although the "Music Theory" does not fully match the scenes written in each sentence, it shows that the four sentences in the middle directly describe the realm of music, which is quite an appreciation skill.
The purpose of the couplet is clear, let’s see how it is carried out below. The last sentence of the couplet is derived from "Zhuang Zhou dreaming of butterflies". The key to this sentence is the word "mi". The word "mi" not only describes the confusion and trance in the dream, but also describes the emptiness and disillusionment after waking up from the dream, as if confused. From the perspective of describing the realm of music, this confused state and confused feeling describe the dreamlike and confusing sound of the violin; from the perspective of expressing the poet's experience and life experience, it is exactly a kind of symbol. The poet has used dreams many times in other poems to describe the unpredictable changes in his life experience, and sometimes he even directly uses Dream Butterfly Codex. Such as "The life of a goddess is just a dream", "Taking care of me is like a big dream", "Have mercy on my autumn dream of butterflies", "Pillow the butterfly in the cold village", etc. All can be referenced with this sentence. To say "dawn dream" is to express the speed of disillusionment. Although the poem "Dawn Dream Butterfly" originated from Zhuang Zhou, once the poet used it, it became more than just a "lifelike" question. The Wangdi in the second sentence of this couplet is the legendary Du Yu, also known as Du Juan. "Suffering spring" in Li Shangyin's poems mostly refers to feeling sad about the country and his life experience. The so-called "Several changes in the world, even if the heart is broken, it is not as much as hurting the spring", "Deliberately hurting the spring and hurting farewell", "Nothing happens in the Chinese years, I'm just hurting myself." On the one hand, this expresses the sadness and desolation of the piping sound, like a cuckoo crying for blood; on the other hand, it seems to be a metaphor for one's own spring heart and spring hatred, but it is entrusted to the poem like a cuckoo crying for blood. The poet uses the song of birds to compare his poems. There are many examples in the poet's poems, such as "How can the clever chirping have no original meaning? Good times may not necessarily bring good times", "The fifth watch is sad and sad, and a book is ruthless" are all obvious. example.
Since mourning one’s life, mourning one’s death, and describing one’s creation are three in one, this couplet also contains the poet’s memory for his deceased wife. This sentence is not just understood in this way. When the poet was in his youth, he was passionately in love with his wife. Now that his wife has died, he is like a "spring silkworm dying" and even after death, he will be like Emperor Wang who holds his heart for spring in the cuckoo and mourns day and night.
As soon as the rhythmic poem passes through the couplet, after "starting" and "carrying", it is time to "turn" the pen. At this point, the pen has probably reached the point of the previous meal, which seems to be a knot but not a knot. Modify the answer