I. Original text
The sky is against the ground, and the rain is against the wind. The mainland faces the sky. Mountain flowers are to the sea trees, and the sun is to the sky. The thunder is weak and foggy. The sun sets into the sky. The wind is high, the moon is white and the rain is red. Cattle and women go around the galaxy, and two businessmen fight west and east. In October, the border was sealed, and the frost shocked the trip; On the Sandong River, there are long snows and cold fish Weng. River to Han, green to red. Uncle Yu is against Lei Gong.
Smoke building to snow cave, moon palace to heavenly palace. The cloud is old, and so is the sun. Lavadui Peng Yu crosses the stars like an arrow and spits out the moon like a bow. It rains plum blossoms, and Chiting is full of lotus flowers. In front of Maodian village, the bright moon falls on the forest and chickens sing rhymes; On Banqiao Road, the green frost locks the horse's whereabouts.
Mountain to sea, China to Song. Four mountains vs three fairs. Palace flowers against forbidden willows, stuffed geese against dragon generals. Summer Palace, Guanghan Palace. Picking up green is the topic. Zhuang Zhoumeng becomes a butterfly, and Lv Wang flies a bear. The wind stops in the north, the fan stops in summer, and the curtains in the south bask in the sun, saving the winter sun. Crane dance floor, the jade emperor can be immortal; On Fengxiang stage, the purple flute blows away the beauty wind.
Second, the creative background
On the basis of the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty completely abolished poetry and fu and changed it into an eight-part essay after the charity performance. The imperial examination system in Qing dynasty basically continued the imperial examination system in Ming dynasty, that is, the eight-part essay was still valued by scholars in Ming and Qing dynasties. If you want to be an official, you must learn eight-part essay well. The development of Mongolian studies is closely related to the system of selecting talents and appointing talents, and the eight-part essay has become an important part of the imperial examination.
At that time, reading materials were produced, which were good at verse and antithesis, pursuing the neatness of antithesis and the harmony of melody, and were used to train children in the enlightenment stage to be familiar with antithesis, allusions and word organization. In this context, Li Yu once went to Hangzhou to take part in two rural examinations in the Ming Dynasty. Although he didn't get in the exam, he mastered a lot of basic knowledge. As an adult, he knew the melody like the back of his hand, and created "Rion Dui Yun", named after Li Yu's name "Rion".
Third, writing characteristics
1. The language is concise and rich in content: Li Weng's unified and refined language of rhyme is rich in humanistic connotation. It not only contains the Chinese knowledge that children should learn, but also expands a lot of knowledge about society, nature and life, which is unified and comprehensive. For example, the phrase "clouds turn to rain, snow turns to wind, and night turns to clear sky" introduces the common weather phenomena in nature, and satisfies children's thirst for knowledge with colorful content and vivid and interesting language.
2. The sentence pattern is neat and rhymes with antithesis: The antithesis of Li Weng is written in the form of antithesis, with three characters, four characters and seven characters, forming 8 10 antithesis. Long is long, short is short, and the form is neat. Specifically, the upper and lower antitheses, the parts of speech and the parallel words are neat, the words in the same position must have the same part of speech, the meanings are related or opposite, and the parallel words are relative.
3. Close to life and practicality: Li Weng Dunyun fully followed the principle that teaching comes from life and compiled a lot of content closely related to children's life and communication. For example, the phrase "making friends has three benefits" tells children the importance of a person's development and gives them a clear rule of making friends, that is, honest friends, upright friends and well-informed friends. These three beneficial friends are worthy of communication, and these people can drive themselves to develop in a better direction.
Reading materials similar to "Li Weng to the Cloud";
1, thousands of poems: many genres, many versions. The earliest is the collection of poems edited by Liu Kezhuang in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are many widely circulated poems, such as Xie Fangde and Wang Xiangzhu's new engraving Five Words and Thousand Words. Later, two kinds of thousands of poems were combined into one, which became thousands of poems with five or seven laws and became the main poetry teaching material in Mongolian studies.
2. San Zi Jing: According to legend, it was compiled by Wang Yinglin in Song Dynasty and supplemented in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the early Qing dynasty, it was 1 140 words. The book includes lectures and knowledge on education, ethics, history, ancient books and social common sense.
3. Urgent articles: also known as urgent articles, compiled by Western Han History Tour. This edition consists of nine ***2 144 words, and the commonly used words at that time are classified according to surnames, clothes, agriculture, diet, utensils, music, physiology, weapons, animals and birds, medicine and personnel. , and woven into three-character, four-character and seven-character rhymes. From Han Wei to Tang Meng, this is a world-wide vocabulary book.
The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-"Li Weng Dui Yun" Baidu Encyclopedia-enlightenment reading.