The course "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" is about to start. How should a teacher teach so that they can understand the essence of the text?
From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore
(Lu Xun)
1. Learning objectives
1. Perceive the main content of the article as a whole and read the second natural paragraph intensively.
2. Understand the wonderful, profound or emotional sentences based on the context, and deeply understand the author's emotions.
2. Learning process
1. Perceive the teaching materials, start from the topic, and clarify the ideas of the whole text.
2. Group discussion.
(1) What is the main content of the full text? What are the author’s thoughts and feelings throughout the full text?
(2) The description of the scene in the second natural paragraph of the article is extremely exquisite. What is the beauty of it? Where?
(3) It doesn’t need to be said? It doesn’t need to be said? Which content is the focus of emphasis?
(4) Baicao Garden? Even the last meeting It has also been seven or eight years, and it seems that there are only some weeds in it; but it was my paradise at that time. Why can weeds become a paradise?
(5) Maybe it’s because pulling Polygonum multiflorum destroyed the mud wall, maybe it’s because the bricks were thrown to the Liang family in the next door, maybe it’s because Was it because he jumped down while standing on the stone well railing? No way of knowing. ?Do I know the reason why I was sent to a private school?
(6) Why write the story of ?Beautiful Snake?
(7) The gentleman in the eyes of Lu Xun in his childhood What kind of person is he? What kind of person is the gentleman in your mind? How to comprehensively evaluate the gentleman from Sanwei Bookstore?
(8) Why does the article describe two childhood places?
3. Group communication.
3. Expansion exercises
(1) The author uses two series of verbs to describe the process of catching birds in the snow. It is accurate and vivid. Please taste it carefully and then write a paragraph of your own. , or describe the process of making a game, or describe the process of ants moving, and also try to use a series of verbs.
(2) Please prepare a story of your own and let your classmates share your fun.
IV. Related links
1. About Sanwei Bookstore.
Sanwei Bookstore is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his childhood. He went to school here when he was 12 years old. After the autumn of the second year, because his grandfather was imprisoned, the young Lu Xun left home and sought refuge in Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaobu, Shaoxing rural areas, so his studies were interrupted.
I returned home in the summer of 1894 and returned to Sanwei Bookstore. In this way, I did not leave until about half a year before I went to Nanjing Master School to study in 1898, which lasted for 6 years?
Everything here is very well preserved, and it is still as Lu Xun wrote when he recalled: Enter through the black oiled bamboo door, and the third room is the study room. There is a plaque hanging in the middle: Sanwei Bookstore; under the plaque is a painting, which shows a very fat sika deer lying under an old tree. ?This plaque and painting were lost before liberation. After liberation, party cadres tried their best to find them back. Among the classmates who studied with Lu Xun at that time, Zhou Meiqing, Zhang Xiangyao, and Wang Fulin were still alive at the beginning of the liberation. According to the memories of these three classmates, Sanwei Bookstore restored its original layout. The room looks like an old-style Chinese living room, which would seem strange to today's teenagers. There are 11 seats for students a day; Lu Xun's seat is arranged along the north wall. It is a rectangular table with drawers, and a slightly low chair is placed behind the table. The light is very dim here and the air seems damp. The right corner of his desk is still engraved with the character "Morning" about one inch square. The knife technique is simple and straight. It is an extremely precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun when he was young. As for its origin, it is said to be this: One day, Lu Xun was late for school and was scolded by his tutor, so he carved this square "morning" character with a knife to urge himself. From then on, he was never late again.
2. About private schools.
Private schools are teaching places set up by private individuals in ancient my country. In the course of our country's history of more than 2,000 years, it has played an important role in spreading the motherland's culture, promoting the development of education, cultivating enlightened children, and enabling schoolchildren to read and understand science.
Students in private schools start their studies at the age of six more. Students do not need to pass an entrance examination to enroll. Generally, students only need to obtain the consent of their husbands, stand respectfully in front of the tablet or icon of Confucius, and kowtow or bow to Confucius and their husbands before they are eligible for admission. The scale of private schools is generally small, with a large number of students being more than 20, and a small number being a few students. Private schools do not have uniform requirements and regulations regarding students' enrollment age, learning content, and teaching level.
As far as the teaching materials for private schools are concerned, there are the common education textbooks in ancient my country: San, Bai, Qian, Qian?, namely "Three Character Classic", "Hundred Family Surnames", "Qianjia Shi", "Qianjia Shi" "Zi Wen", as well as "The Daughter's Sutra", "The Sutra of Teaching Children", "Instructions for Children's Education", etc. Students further read the Four Books and Five Classics, "Guwen Guanzhi", etc. Its teaching content mainly focuses on literacy and calligraphy, and also attaches great importance to the study of poetry and composition.
The teaching hours of private schools are generally flexible and can be divided into two categories: "short study" and "long study". Those with short teaching time are called "short-term schools", usually ranging from one to three months. Parents do not have high requirements for such private schools. They only hope that students can read some words, keep accounts, and write couplets in the future. Changxue opens on the first half of the first lunar month every year and closes in the winter lunar month. The meaning of Changxue, firstly, means that the teachers of the private school are famous and have long teaching experience; secondly, it means that the students study for a long time. There is a lot to learn.
As for the teaching principles and methods of private schools, in the early childhood education stage, great emphasis is placed on the upbringing and education of young children, emphasizing that young children develop good moral qualities and living habits. For example, there are strict and specific regulations on the behavioral etiquette of Mongolian children, such as clothing, crossing hands, bowing, walking, audio-visual, etc., which is the tradition of our country's education. In terms of teaching methods, Mr. Wang completely adopts injection method. During the lecture, the teacher sat upright, and the students placed the books on the teacher's desk one by one, and then stood aside to listen to the teacher's circle and hum. After finishing the lecture, he ordered the students to repeat it. Afterwards, the students returned to their seats and read aloud. Students must memorize all books that teachers require to be read aloud. In addition, corporal punishment is prevalent in private schools. When encountering careless or naughty students, teachers often pull their faces and ears, slap their palms, etc.
3. Understanding of the topic of this article.
"From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" is an article in "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk", a collection of essays written during the period when Lu Xun moved from Beijing to Xiamen. At this time, Lu Xun could only relieve the depression in his heart by recalling the good things of the past, so he changed the original title of the episode "Revisiting Old Things" to "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Dusk". The flowers that bloomed in the morning light were picked up. It is for self-admiration and masturbation, not for fighting, and this article cannot be separated from the episode. Therefore, it is one-sided to say that this article exposes the feudal society's disregard for and harm to children's physical and mental health.