The Three Gorges:
The Three Gorges
Li Daoyuan? [Southern and Northern Dynasties]
From the 7-mile Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides, with no gaps. Rocks are stacked, hiding the sky from the sun, and since midnight, there is no sunrise. (Yutong: lack; A work of heavy rocks: heavy mountains)
As for Xiashui Xiangling, it is blocked along the back. Or the king ordered an urgent announcement, and sometimes he went to the White Emperor and went to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he did not take the disease. (retroactively: retroactively; At dusk: at dusk)
In spring and winter, the green pool is turbulent, the reflection is clear, and there are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in the meantime, it is clear and glorious, and it is very interesting. (a masterpiece: a masterpiece)
Every time it is frosty at the beginning of the sunny day, the forest is cold and sorrowful, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, and the empty valley resounds, and the sorrow turns to a long time. Therefore, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes sing three times with tears on their clothes."
Three Gorges translation:
Between 7 miles of the Three Gorges, both sides are connected with high mountains, and there is no interruption at all. The overlapping peaks are like barriers, blocking the sky and the sun. If it is not noon or midnight, you can't see the sun or the moon.
when the river overflows the mountain in summer, the routes of the descending and ascending ships are blocked and impassable. Sometimes the emperor's orders need to be conveyed urgently. At this time, as long as you start from Baidicheng in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening, there are 1,2 miles in the middle. Even riding a fast horse with Mercedes-Benz and driving the wind, it is not as fast as a boat.
In spring and winter, you can see white rapids, green pools and whirling clear waves, reflecting the shadows of various scenery. There are many grotesque pines and cypresses growing on the extremely high peaks, and there are hanging springs and waterfalls between the peaks. Clear water, glorious trees, steep mountains, lush grass and endless fun.
Every day in Chu Qing or in the morning when it is frosty, the woods and mountain streams are cool and quiet. There are often apes chirping in high places, and their voices are continuous, which makes them look very sad and sad. In the empty valley, the echo of apes chirping is sad and tactfully, and it will disappear for a long time. Therefore, the fishermen's ballad in the Three Gorges of Badong sang: "The Wuxia Gorge is the longest in the Three Gorges of Badong, and the cries of apes are so bleak that tears make people wet their clothes."
Appreciation of The Three Gorges:
Li Daoyuan's The Three Gorges (selected from Water Classic Annotation, Volume 34, River Water) is a famous landscape work, and the author described the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in less than 2 words.
The full text consists of four paragraphs, that is, four tall and straight ink and wash landscape paintings.
in the first paragraph, the author writes about mountains first. With the words "the two sides of the strait are connected with mountains, but there is no gap", the words "the mountains are connected" and "the mountains are high", and with the words "since the pavilion is at midnight, there is no sunrise", people further feel the narrowness of the Three Gorges, and in a few strokes, the overall features of the Three Gorges are vividly outlined, so that readers are quickly captured by the dangers of the Three Gorges.
the second paragraph begins with water. According to the natural season, the author first writes about the summer when the water potential is the biggest and the most urgent. Describe the sinister water potential, the high water level and the urgency of the water flow with the words "Xiang Ling in summer, blocking it along the back". "When I was a white emperor, I went to Jiangling at dusk, during which I traveled thousands of miles. Although I rode against the wind, I didn't take the disease." Through comparison and exaggeration, I highlighted the rapidity of the river in summer.
The third paragraph describes the scenery of the Three Gorges in spring and winter. "Plain Turbulence" and "Green Pond", two colors and two modes, with dynamic and static interweaving and sharp contrast; "Strange cypresses", "hanging springs" and "waterfalls" are also static, dynamic and colorful, and mountains and rivers and trees meet in them, which is a spectacle. The word "Qing Rong Jun Mao" is written in four words: the word "Qing" is for water, the word "Jun" is for mountains, the word "Rong" is for cypress, and the word "Mao" is for grass. "A lot of interest" is mixed with the author's aesthetic interest, which makes poetry and painting integrated. The extremely concise four characters describe four kinds of scenery, and each has its own characteristics, which leads to the author's mood from the scenery.
The fourth paragraph describes the scenery of the Three Gorges in autumn: the water is dry and the air is cold, and the apes sing desolate. Use "frost" to imply autumn, and make up the former meaning with real scenes. At this time, there is no noise from the river, but there is no glory for the vegetation, but it is full of sadness and coldness. Writing autumn gorge is expressed by apes, and writing apes is divided into two layers, one is direct narration, and the other is citing fishing songs as evidence. The description of apes revolves around the two key points of "mountain" and "mourning", thus showing the characteristics of the Three Gorges in autumn. "Gao" is used to describe the ape, indicating that it is an ape on a high mountain, and "Long" is used to describe the whistling, which means that it is in a long gorge. "The hollow valley resounds", bluntly speaking, in the mountains. "Long-lost", responding to "the two sides of the strait are connected with mountains, and there is nothing missing." Writing fishing songs is also a word of "gorge length", a word of sorrow. From the singing of apes, people can further realize that the mountains are high, the mountains are connected, the gorge is narrow, and the water is long. At the same time, the apes moan, which renders the bleak atmosphere in autumn. It also makes people realize the hardships of fishermen and the hardships of life from this fishing song.
All scenic words are sentimental words. Beginners should write their own characteristics and be consistent with their own thoughts and feelings.
The full text of "Three Gorges" depicts the magnificent, dangerous, beautiful and quiet scenery of the Three Gorges with concise and vivid pen and ink. Write mountains, highlighting the characteristics of continuous and covering the sky. Writing water depicts different scenes in different seasons. In summer, the river overflows the hills, and ships coming and going are blocked. "In spring and winter, the green pool is turbulent and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in the meantime. " Snow-white rapids, green pools, swirling waves and beautiful reflections make the author unable to help but admire "a lot of fun". In autumn, however, "the forest is cold and cold, and there are often high apes whistling", and the sad cry continues, and in the empty valley, "the sorrow turns for a long time." The strange sight of the Three Gorges is vividly depicted. The author used a large amount of stippling to write the scenery, and in just over 15 words, he got a complete picture of the 7-mile Three Gorges. Write the scenery of spring and winter, with the figures of "element", "green", "clear" and "shadow"; Write the autumn scenery, with the figures of "cold", "sadness" and "sadness", and vividly show the charm of the scenery. The article describes mountains first, then water, with natural layout and clear thinking. Writing water is divided into different seasons. In the rhythm of the article, it is also dynamic and static, swaying. The lofty peaks, the surging rivers, the clear water, the flying waterfalls, the sorrowful apes' singing and the sad fisherman's songs constitute a natural and harmonious picture with different styles, which gives readers a deep impression. The quoted poems show the characteristics of outstanding mountains and high waters, and at the same time render the sad and desolate atmosphere of the autumn scenery of the Three Gorges.
Notes:
1. Three Gorges: the general name of Qutang Gorge, Xiling Gorge and Wuxia between Chongqing and Hubei Province.
2. from: from. Here means "in".
3. The two banks are connected with mountains, and there is no gap: both banks are connected with mountains, and there is no interruption at all. Slightly, not at all. Que (qu) is the same as "lack", gap and gap.
4. Zhang (ZHANG): a mountain peak with high risk like a barrier.
5. concealment: covering.
6. self-denial: if not. Self: If. No: no.
7. Pavilion noon: noon. Pavilion, positive.
8. midnight: midnight.
9. sunrise (xΡ) month: sun and moon. Sunrise, sunlight, here refers to the sun.
1. Xiashuixiang (xiāng) Mausoleum: In summer, the water rose above Gaoling. Xiangling refers to the water flowing up the mountain mausoleum. Xiang, flooded, flooded. Mausoleum, mountain mausoleum. From Shang Shu Yao Dian: "It's magnificent to swing around Huaishan Xiangling." Xiang, verb, go up, go up. Mausoleum, a big heaped-up mountain, refers to the Mausoleum here.
11. blocking along the back: both the ascending and descending navigation channels are blocked, so navigation is impossible. Along: Down the river. Back: upstream.
12. or: sometimes.
13. imperial decree: the emperor's order.
14. announcement: announce, spread and convey.
15. Chaofa Baidi: Depart from Baidicheng in the morning. Chao: Morning. Baidi: the name of the ancient city, so it is located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge in Fengjie, Chongqing.
16. Jiangling: the name of the ancient city, located in Jingzhou, Hubei province.
17. During this period: it refers to the period from Baidicheng to Jiangling.
18. 1,2 Li: 1,2 Li, about 35 kilometers.
19. Although: A conjunction indicates a hypothetical concession, which is equivalent to "even if".
2. Ben: This refers to a galloping horse.
About the author:
Li Daoyuan (about 47-527) is good at writing. Han nationality, Fanyang Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). Geographer and essayist of Northern Wei Dynasty. My career was bumpy, but I failed to do my best. He read a lot of rare books. When he was young, he went to Shandong with his father to ask for waterways. Later, he traveled to Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected rivers and ditches, collected relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and wrote 4 volumes of Notes on Shuijing. The writing is meaningful and vivid, which is not only a rich and colorful geographical work, but also a collection of beautiful landscape prose. It can be called the pioneer of travel literature in China, which has a great influence on the development of travel prose in later generations. Another 13 articles of Local Records and Seven Appointments have been lost.
Creation background:
Li Daoyuan was born in an official family. When he was a child, he went to Shandong with his father to ask for waterways. Later, he traveled to Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected rivers and ditches, collected relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and created 4 volumes of Notes on Shuijing. It is nominally an annotation based on the Water Classic, but in fact it is a re-creation on the basis of the Water Classic. The book describes 1,252 rivers, and related historical sites, anecdotes, myths and legends, etc., which is nearly 1, more than the original book, and the text has increased by more than 2 times, and the content is much richer than the original book of Shui Jing.
This article is excerpted from thirty-four volumes of Shui Jing Zhu, Jiang Shui, with the title "Added by Later Generations". It was written by the author to record the majestic and steep scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and the four seasons.
Expression theme:
The Three Gorges is an essay written by Li Daoyuan, a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. This article is a beautiful and fresh landscape prose, which describes the majesty and preciseness of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, depicts the unique scenery of the four seasons in the Three Gorges, and shows a tall and straight ink and wash landscape painting in the Wan Li map of the Yangtze River. The full text is rigorous in structure, ingenious in layout and seamless, with concise language and vivid description.
Comments by famous experts:
Andy, a professor of Chinese Department of South China Normal University, wrote a Dictionary of Appreciation of Ancient Chinese: "Although his Notes on Shui Jing is a masterpiece of geography, it can also bring people great artistic enjoyment. Three Gorges is one of the most charming chapters. It seems to be a long scroll of magnificent and colorful landscape paintings, which is amazing and joyful when you enjoy it! "
Lu Zhengyan, deputy director of the library of Shanghai Normal University, wrote "Mao Zedong's Ancient Prose on China": "The article describes the continuous and steep mountains on both sides of the Three Gorges, outlines the different scenery changes in the four seasons in the gorge, reproduces the natural beauty of the Three Gorges landscape, and shows the majestic beauty of the motherland's mountains and rivers, which is very distinctive."
Yan Yun, a professor and vice-president of Anhui Normal University, received the Dictionary of Chinese Art and Culture: "Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, thought that' Li Daoyuan narrates the mountains and rivers, and the deep and clean floors have the scenic spots of Shan Gui and Recruiting Hermits'. It reveals the poetic and artistic meaning of this article. "