What is the significance of leveling? Readers will probably ask, look down on people, have nothing to say? Why do you have to write such a childish question? It's not that there is nothing to talk about in the old street, but that many friends in the old street really don't know what a level tone is. Besides, if you know a flat edge, do you know what a flat edge is? What's the profile? When did leveling appear?
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First of all, peace in the dictionary
As the name implies, flat is flat and not oblique; Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Ping, also. Interpretation of Guang Yun in Northern Song Dynasty: Ping and Zheng. Ceng Yun: Ping and Tan Ye.
Well, it's the antonym of flat, which means the side is uneven, and tilt is well.
The ancients divided the characters into two types. Metric poetry is to arrange "flat and flat, flat and flat" regularly and pursue the change of melody. However, the level tone was not born with the writing, but appeared long after the writing was formed. So when did the level tone exist?
Second, the Eight Friends of Jingling and the Birth of Four Tones
It is said that ancient people in China studied phonology from the translation of Buddhist scriptures, and there were books on phonology in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The truly influential phonological theory comes from Qi Liang in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a group of people gathered around Wang Xiao of Qi Jing. This literary organization was called "Eight Friends of Jingling" in history. Biography of Emperor Wu of Liang Shu records:
King Jingling opened the West House to recruit literature, and Gao Zu and Xie Tiao, Fan Li, Fan Li and Lu Shu were also called "eight friends".
Among them, Gaozu refers to Liang Wudi Xiao Yan, who later usurped the throne, and the other seven people are all later courtiers of his poetry friends. Shen Yue, Xie Tiao and others studied phonology: "Qi pushes each other, palace merchants are used in literature, and four tones are used when entering the world, calling the world an eternal style." They divide all the words into four tones: flat, up (pronounced noon), go and enter. Poetry based on four tones is called Yongming style, which is the embryonic form of metrical poetry in Tang Dynasty.
In fact, not everyone in the literati at that time knew what the four tones were. It is said that although Xiao Yan of Liang Wudi is also one of the Eight Friends of Jingling, he doesn't know what the four tones are. Once he asked a monk what the four tones were, and the monk said, "Tianbao Temple."
Chonggong tried to tell Gaozu and asked, "I heard four voices outside. What is it? " Zhong Gong replied, "Tianbao Temple." Come out and meet Liu Xiaozhuo and say he thinks it's ok. Chuo said, "How can you say that the son of heaven is blessed?"
Tianbao Temple and Hetian word hail, four words are four sounds: peace, going, going and entering. There are several versions of this story about Liang Wudi. But there is a saying that Liang Wudi actually knows what four tones are, but he just doesn't like them. The Biography of Liang Shu Shen Yue wrote: However, the emperor did not follow it. The Biography of Heather Shen Yue wrote: However, the emperor did not abide by the contract.
It doesn't matter whether Liang Wudi likes it or not. What is important is that the four tones spread like a virus in the Internet age, and even the divide-and-rule Northern Dynasties were affected. The scenery of northern Wei literature homeland (? ~550) said: Shen Yue of Nanqi was a contemporary writer, and his theory of four tones had great influence and was often taken as the criterion by poets. And praised: "the word overflows, the gas is weak and the business is light, the four tones are colorful, and the eight bodies contain chapters."
Third, even and four tones
During the Qi and Liang Dynasties, there were four tones, which were divided into two categories: peace. But this is not a general dichotomy.
1, flat
Of the four tones, flat is flat. Similar to the first and second sounds of Mandarin today. Like mom and ma.
2. hey
The three tones of up, down and in are "uneven", which we call "awkward"
The first sound: the horse, that is, the three sounds today; Go to the sound, scold, similar to today's four tones; Rusheng, Fu, Fa and Kuan entered the other three tones respectively today. Rusheng has disappeared in Putonghua, but it still exists in southern dialects.
About Rusheng, we can look at these two articles, the taste of old streets-how to identify Rusheng words by learning metrical poems, and these commonly used words were actually boring in ancient times, so they are Rusheng words.
Fourth, edge and edge.
Interpretation in Shuowen: the word toilet is used as one side. In the Tang dynasty, people called it "Fang", with the same pronunciation and pronounced it "Ze". Yuan He's later poet Wang Rui (806-820) was nicknamed Boss. His book "Grilled Hub Poetry" is recorded:
This poem says, "In August and September, reeds fly." The above four words are all used in the side tone.
The first four words all mean "August and September" with a side tone, and these four words are squeaky. There are eight tones in eight tones, six tones in the moon and twenty-five tones in nine tones.
Li Yingshi: "Green snakes are the same color as bamboo, and Huang Die is separated by streams." The word "kind" is used horizontally, which is also a tone. .
In the Tang Dynasty, intonation means "awkward", in which "species" is flat and turbid, so it is awkward (five sentences), and the next sentence is a standard method to use "nothing" to save the dilemma. "Do you believe it? Ten minutes will help you understand how to use metrical poems to save trouble.
Five, flat poems and even poems
Modern poetry pays attention to meter, and words should be written according to the rules, all of which are required to meet the requirements of leveling. There are three kinds of words expressed in Chinese characters in Shi Pu: Ping, Yi and Zhong; It means fairness and elegance in Chinese. The symbol means: 00000000967.
1, Pingping's Ci "Ina Qu" by Liu Yuxi;
The willows are green, and the bamboo branches have no complaints. ⊙●●○△ ●○○●△
As soon as Tong Lang turned around, he listened to the song. ⊙○◎⊙● ○●●○△
△ In the word spectrum, it means that the rhyme should be leveled here; if it is▲, it means that the rhyme should be leveled.
2. Li Shangyin's seven-character poem "Jinse"
I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a youthful interval.
Average average average average average average average.
Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring.
Average, average and average, average and average.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun.
The middle is flat, and the middle is flat.
A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
Average, average and average, average and average.
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Pingzhuan is an important basic knowledge in poetry learning. I don't know. Pingchuan basically doesn't understand ancient poetry. Whether it is a modern poem that pays attention to meter or an ancient poem that doesn't pay attention to meter, it is an unavoidable threshold. Many friends don't rhyme correctly when writing ancient poems, because there is no concept of meter.
For example, Jia Dao's "Last Words" in rhyme:
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking" bets on a flat rhyme;
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Although these two poems are not metrical poems, their rhyme feet should follow the law of flat and even rhyme. If it's not a rhyme, it's either flat or flat. If you see someone writing a quatrain, the second sentence is flat and the fourth sentence is flat, then you can judge that he can't write poetry.
Laojie taste
The awkward style of metrical poems and its salvation were called "intonation" in the Tang Dynasty and "awkward sentences" in the Song Dynasty.
Can you believe it? Ten minutes will help you understand how metrical poetry can save you.
In ancient times, these commonly used words were all inarticulate, but they were all entering tones.