Du Fu's persistent concern for reality from beginning to end is related to his guiding ideology. What is Du Fu's thought as a guide? Du Fu often calls himself "Confucian scholar", "old Confucian" and "rotten Confucian", and talks about his family background, so critics always think that this is the embodiment of Confucianism. The spirit of Confucianism's entry into the WTO and the theory of benevolent government have created the main theme of worrying about the country and the people in Du Fu's poems.
In Li Bai and Du Fu, Mr. Guo Moruo emphasized the influence of Confucianism on Du Fu, and thought that Confucianism played a decisive role in Du Fu's "class consciousness", "door valve concept" and "fame desire". But in fact, it is the humiliation and bitterness of Chang 'an's ten-year theory that "the rich man is detained in the morning and the fat horse is dusty." "Three years of hunger left barren hills" and the people * * *, is the suffering of war and hunger, and is an intimate life with the people. These are the decisive factors of Du Fu's thought.
The vast majority of ancient poets in China also took Confucianism as the main body. However, Du Fu is the only person who really promotes Confucianism and should occupy an important position in the history of Confucianism. This is not only because Du Fu pretends to be a "Confucian scholar", but more importantly, his deep heart is always full of compassionate humanitarian spirit. This spirit goes deep into its bone marrow and melts into its blood. It made Du Fu have a deep understanding of the sense of hardship, the spirit of benevolence, the heart of compassion and the way of loyalty and forgiveness advocated by Confucius and Mencius, and expressed it incisively and vividly with strong feelings, which touched and infected readers. In particular, the spirit of "loyalty" and "love", as the core of Confucianism, has almost become the persistent creative theme of Du Fu's life.
One of the manifestations of worrying about the country and the people.
-loyal to the monarch and patriotic.
The traditional Confucian view holds that loyalty to the monarch means patriotism. For example, Confucius emphasized that "respecting the king and refusing the foreign countries" means respecting Zhou and refusing foreign enemies to invade the Central Plains. Mencius advocated "great unification" and "benevolent government" to unify China. In other words, benevolent governance applies to the people to show sympathy for them. Really think what the people think and worry about what the people worry about. This is a shining example of Confucianism's concern for the country and the people. Moreover, the highest state of Confucianism's concern for group consciousness is reflected in its concern for the country and the world (at that time, "the world" was the country and the country was the world), "unity" and stability. Du Fu inherited the Confucian thought of "the world" and "the great unification", and developed it into a strong sense of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, which became an eternal theme in classical poetry creation.
Realizing and maintaining the unity of the world is the highest realm of Confucian group consciousness. In the era when self-sufficient natural economy is dominant, few people can reach this realm. At that time, people's vision was extremely narrow, mostly limited to the self-destruction of individual life. Dedicated to "loyalty to the monarch and patriotism" all his life, his morality and his mind were hard to achieve at that time, so such a person needs selfless spirituality. In Du Fu's view, "Jun" is not a single husband and thief sitting on the throne of the emperor, but a representative of the common people. In particular, Du Fu's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism is not his professionalism as a courtier, nor is it his only choice after losing his personality. Du Fu is a person who cares about individual self-worth, and he integrates the realization of individual self-worth into the concern for groups. These are all well represented in his poems.
Du Fu's poems, which have been handed down to this day, are mostly written after staying in Chang 'an. Since Chang 'an Poetry, Du Fu's spirit of worrying about the country and the people has been manifested in most of his works. From the ambition of the early years: "to the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs pure"; Until the end of his life, he was still mourning: "The blood of war is still there, and the voice of the army has been moved to this day." Whether in prosperity or adversity, Du Fu's heart of boxing is always so persistent. Du Fu is not only obsessed with his country at any time and any place, just like Su Shi said, "I am obsessed with my country for a meal" (at that time, "Jun" was the representative of "country"); What is even more touching is that he regards this feeling as a part of his life. From Beijing to Fengxian, 500 words describes the feelings of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism at the beginning. At that time, there were two roads in front of Du Fu. One is to retire to the countryside and live a romantic life of "freely sending the sun and the moon"; One is to be an official and get involved in all kinds of complicated official struggles. The choice aroused Du Fu's inner agitation, and the poet showed his inner contradictions layer by layer like mushrooms after rain. Finally, Du Fu showed his intention:
Is there a lack of corridors and temples now? Sunflowers are facing the sun, and their physical properties are hard to win!
Loyalty to the monarch and patriotism has become a poet's nature (such as the sun shining on the sunflower), which cannot be corrected. It is this kind of "physical property" that when it comes to the country, he can not only ask himself: "Dare to love death when saving people" ("conquered people"), but also say to his friends: "If the public is in Taiwan, don't cherish the body when in danger" ("Send Gong Yan to the DPRK"). The latter seems more difficult. The so-called "Gong Yan" is Du Fu's immediate boss Yanwu, whom he relied on wholeheartedly when he was in trouble in Chengdu. Yanwu may become a prime minister when he enters the DPRK, so he can see off such a person with a bright future and help people say all the best wishes. I think this is especially true for smart people today. Du Fu, on the other hand, spoke such unlucky words in the spirit of Confucianism that "a gentleman's lover also has virtue", and he spoke so passionately, hit the floor!