You should know that Li Bai in history is actually a rich second generation with low emotional intelligence. In addition to his own talent, he also benefited from the tolerant spirit and atmosphere in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Tolerance spirit and world concept
Today, when we talk about the world outlook in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the difficulties in writing poems and quotations, we need to remember two points: first, we should look at the world from the perspective of the ancients, and the world consciousness is higher than the national consciousness; Secondly, allusions are common rhetorical devices in poetry, and they are also easily taboo.
(1) Tiankhan
Paying all was forgiven and coming back with Li Bai's zero emotional intelligence. He said that he should have been in prison a long time ago, and it is not surprising that he was killed. Why can he wait until he is 60 years old before "everyone wants to kill"?
This is largely due to the tolerant atmosphere in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. We know that whether a person or a society, the spirit of tolerance is highly related to strength, status and pursuit. As the saying goes, "there are many adults", and some people say that "the prime minister can punt in his stomach." When a little person says this, he often hopes that the other person will let himself go after offending a big man. But on the whole, great people are indeed more magnanimous and tolerant. The prime minister's adult was cheated by a small trader when he went out to buy food, and he certainly wouldn't care. Even a small person, as long as he has a higher pursuit, will not haggle over every ounce, and will not take turns to find every friend to vent because of a little injustice. Only the weak will be particularly blx, and they can always feel discrimination from other people's words or actions. In our interpersonal communication, we are of course familiar with this law.
An empire with a vast territory and a large number of people is actually the same as a person in this respect. Therefore, we look at the society in the late Qing Dynasty, which is full of all kinds of sensitivities from top to bottom. As long as it rebounds, it is easy to expand the scope of attack. The heyday of the Tang dynasty was not like this at all, and its tolerance was simply amazing. Chang 'an is a cosmopolitan city. People from all countries and nationalities are in an endless stream. Some are here to do business, some are here to entertain, some are here to immigrate, and some are even here to be officials. Foreigners can not only be officials, but also senior officials of the real power faction. At that time, the commanders of the two major military regions in the Tang Dynasty were foreigners: Geshuhan in the west and An Lushan in the east.
This kind of thing is difficult to understand today, but it was reasonable at that time. The ancients' national concept was not very strong, and there was a world view on top of the vague national concept. An emperor with high consciousness should "take the world as his own responsibility", take care of things outside the country as usual, draw his sword to help when the road is rough, so he doesn't care about interfering with the sovereignty of other countries. The title of "Emperor" in the Tang Dynasty was only for Xiao Tang. On top of the title of "Emperor", there is also the title of "Tiankhan", which means that he is the master of the world. Therefore, in this very powerful and confident era, Li Bai, a "fanatic", can take refuge. After the Anshi Rebellion ended, the empire turned from prosperity to decline, and the people all over the world became particularly sensitive. All kinds of problems that were not problems in the past suddenly became problems. Li Bai, who is crazy and unchanging, is doomed to be unable to continue to be chic even if he doesn't follow Wang Yong.
In fact, when Li Baigang went to Chang 'an to be an official, that kind of work attitude was absolutely intolerable to any other leader. His position was enshrined by the Hanlin, not a proper official position, but a literary attendant around the emperor, just like a chess player, painter and singer. In other words, this position does not belong to the formal government official system and does not participate in politics. It can only be regarded as a private guest hired by the emperor. Of course, the status of the public is not high. Fortunately, among all the categories of diners, diners are the literature with the highest status. Another rare advantage of this position is that it is close to the emperor and provides personal service, which of course means opportunities. However, opportunities are reserved for those who are prepared, not for people like Li Bai.
You may think that Li Bai will definitely feel incompetent and even humiliated in this position, so it is normal to walk slowly or drink too much. However, Li Bai later left Chang 'an, and often remembered this life in his poems, saying how the emperor appreciated his talent and thanked him for receiving his kindness. He is really used to being free and loose, drinking and gambling when he has nothing to do, so that the emperor can only splash water on him if he wants to do something with him. Du Fu wrote a poem "Eight Immortals Drinking", which described eight celebrities who were the best drinkers in Chang 'an at that time. Speaking of Li Bai, he said, "Li Bai has hundreds of poems about fighting wine. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster. "Although poetry is inevitably a bit exaggerated, it is based on facts. Li Bai is also conceited and doesn't worry about getting drunk, because no matter how drunk he is, as long as he can wake him up a little, he can write a thousand words and complete the writing task given by the emperor with good quality and quantity.
(2) Three Views and Allusions
This kind of agile thinking is admirable, but the more agile thinking, the less likely it is to be thoughtful.
Poetry is a very important social language, especially in the Tang Dynasty, when intellectuals engaged in communication, you wrote poems to praise me, and I wrote poems to praise you. Poems were written at small parties and even large banquets, and sometimes they were written into letters. Writing poems to praise others can't be too straightforward, so people like to use allusions more and more. In essence, allusion is a kind of analogy, and I have said it many times. If you are not careful, the analogy will be improper. If the cultural background is highly consistent, the probability of improper analogy is certainly not high, and the possibility of being misunderstood is not great, but if the cultural background is inconsistent, the risk of offending others by saying the wrong thing is greater.
Li Bai grew up in a non-mainstream environment, and his values are necessarily different from those of the mainstream society. Let's take private life as an example. In the matter of marriage, Li Bai became a son-in-law without any psychological obstacles, which is probably the influence of the customs of the western regions. You know, even today, many people still think that it is a great shame for men to be adopted. Even if a man is not really married, he just goes to his wife's city to buy a house and find a job after a long-distance relationship. Otherwise, his parents can't lift their heads in front of relatives and neighbors, and they are embarrassed to go back to their hometown on holidays.
Xin Qiji, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, is very similar to Li Bai in this respect. He was born and raised in the state of Jin. According to his nationality, he should be from the state of Jin. Strictly speaking, he is a Han Jin. Joined the anti-government armed forces as an adult, and then crossed the river to the Southern Song Dynasty. He spent the rest of his life in the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the interpersonal communication in the Southern Song Dynasty, he wrote a song "Red River" to praise Wang Zuo who recently put down the rebellion. His words are particularly ambitious, and his praise for Wang Zuo is endless. He compared him to Zhuge Liang and wished him greater achievements and greater officials. He also wants to carve his achievements on towering stone tablets. Supposedly, Wang Zuo should be very useful, but he didn't. Instead, he hates Xin Qiji. Because there are two sentences in the word: "30,000 volumes, attracting guests." I don't understand, the article is very powerful. "Wang Zuo is a top scholar, and he deserves the reputation of" head guest ",but the official position of this head guest depends not on articles, but on martial arts. Is there anything to show off?
In Xin Qiji's view, this is too worth showing off. He himself grew up in a military environment. When I was young, I became famous with a real knife and a real gun. My career in the Northern Expedition needed martial arts more than articles. The national policy of the Song Dynasty is always to value literature over martial arts, and Wu Zhi, who is in a high position, is not as dignified as the following two civil servants and has a higher status. Therefore, military attaché s have made great contributions and always hoped to become civil servants, and the court often rewarded military commanders with civil servants. Wang Zuo was originally a civilian, even a scholar-born civilian. Just because he was ordered by the crisis and made martial arts, he was said to be "muddy and unsuccessful, and the article was powerful", which made him think deeply!
Xin Qiji's words also said that "next year, the golden seal will be as big as a bucket, and the story of Diusim will come out." The story of diusim is a headdress of a senior civil servant, and his pocket is a helmet of a military commander. This is plain to say that the promotion of the official rank next year depends on today's martial arts career. How can a shameful civilian endure such humiliation!
Xin Qiji certainly didn't mean to humiliate Wang Zuo, but people with different views will inevitably come up with this embarrassment.
focus
The ancients' national concept was not very strong, and there was a world view on top of the vague national concept. The title of "Emperor" in the Tang Dynasty was only for Xiao Tang. On top of the title of "Emperor", there is also the title of "Tiankhan", which means that he is the master of the world. Therefore, in this very powerful and confident era, Li Bai, a "fanatic", can take refuge. After the Anshi Rebellion ended, the empire turned from prosperity to decline, and the people all over the world became particularly sensitive. All kinds of problems that were not problems in the past suddenly became problems. Li Bai, who is crazy and unchanging, is doomed to be unable to continue to be chic even if he doesn't follow Wang Yong.