These two seven-character songs were written at the same time. In the 13th year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (754), Cen Can was appointed as the judge of Feng Changqing in the Northwest Court. The former is his work of seeing guests off in the snow of the Luntai shogunate. The latter was written when he lived in the North Campus, and he also wrote about sending Fujian back to Beijing in the snow. Sent by the people, for the judge Wu, its life is unknown; One is Xiao, and the chronicle of Tang poetry is called Xiao Marsh. "Beijing" refers to Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, which is now Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Both of these poems describe the cold and magnificent snow scene in the north and express the poet's deep and sincere feelings, but they are different in similarities and differences, each with its own characteristics. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
Similarities and differences between the concepts of 1.
Both poems begin with snow in conception, giving consideration to singing and farewell. They also write snow scenes first and then give them away. Don't forget to write people when writing snow scenes. The purpose of writing snow scenes is to write people, and the purpose of writing people is to highlight the artistic conception of that place at that time-the feeling of parting, the feeling in the scene and the scene of blending. These are all similarities. "Bai Xuege", the first four sentences are the beginning of the whole poem, "It's amazing to suspect that there is a falling rock from a mountain, I don't know where it came from." In a few words, I outlined a spectacular frontier fortress landscape: in August, the northern country was not as beautiful as southern Xinjiang, but it had charming frontier fortress characteristics-strong winds swept, white grass fell and snow was falling all over the sky. In the morning, what caught my eye was scattered among thousands of trees. The first two sentences are closely related to the seasonal climate characteristics in the north, and they are bold and unrestrained. The last two sentences turn pear flowers into snow, become thick and soft, and the punch line is like pearls, which is unique. The next four sentences are about the extreme cold in the snow, from outside the tent to inside the tent, from myself to others, vividly showing how cold the snow in the north is. The sentence "Han Hai" is a connecting link between the preceding and the following, returning from the camp to the outside. The scene is more spectacular and leads to "returning guests". The next eight sentences focus on giving people away in the snow, but never leaving the snow. Snow Song in Tianshan Mountains is divided into two parts. The first part, the first twelve sentences, is also about the snow scene and the extreme cold in the snow. The snow scene is extraordinary in momentum, and it also sets off the strange cold in the snow, thus creating a fairyland for people to copy. The second part, the last four sentences, focuses on giving people away, but never leaves to write snow.
The similarities in conception between the two poems are obvious, and the differences are not difficult to see. This is mainly manifested in the difference in writing gifts. "Bai Xuege" is about sending people away, from writing a farewell banquet to seeing them off after the banquet and then returning to China. "But we drank to the guests who came home from the camp and played the savage pipa, guitar and harp for him." This was a farewell banquet, and the China army bought wine and played music in unison, which was very lively and reflected the deep feelings of farewell. "Until dusk, when the snow overwhelmed our tent, our frozen red flag could not fly in the wind. We watched him go east from Lunta Gate and walk into the snowdrift on Tianding Road. " This is a farewell after writing the banquet. "Twilight" indicates the farewell time, "Twilight Snow" echoes the morning snow before farewell, and "Yuanmen" takes care of the above-mentioned places. "And our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind" was born out of Yu Shinan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. "The snow is dark on Tianshan Road, and the ice is blocked over Heyuan. The fog front is dark and colorless, and the frost flag cannot be turned over "("Out of the Plug "), but it is more charming. Give someone away in the snow, love in the scene. "Affectionate parting is sad since ancient times" (Song Liu Yong's "Lin Yuling" "Cold Cry"), not to mention parting in the snow-capped mountains and extremely cold environment? "Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only footprints." This is about returning from a long trip and the snow scene after parting. Song of Snow in Tianshan Mountains is about seeing people off in the snow, not seeing them off after a banquet, but just seeing them off in the snow. This not only avoids the conceptual repetition with the former, but also has its own uniqueness.
2. Similarities and differences of terms
Bai Xuege 126, Snow Song in Tianshan Mountains 1 12. According to the author's rough statistics, the latter has as many as 48 things in common with the former. But their combination with other words is different. For example, there are words such as "General", "Huhu", "Tiger Hill" and "Buwen" in both poems, but in combination with other words, the former is "Pearl venetian blinds, wet silk curtain, a fur coat feels cold, and a cotton mat is thin". The bow becomes stiff and almost impossible to pull out, making it difficult to protect the iron clothes. The latter uses "the general's fox hair is not warm, and all protect the treasure knife from freezing", which shows the difference between the two. Both of them highlight the extreme cold after snow by way of foil, but they have no sense of similarity, especially the sentence "both protect their own precious knives and are about to break", which is very strange and innovative in imagination.
The same words and other words form different combinations, which makes Bai Xuege and Snow Song in Tianshan Mountain have similarities and differences, but in the combination of different words, the differences are more obvious. Bai Xuege: "Like the strong wind in spring, it comes at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees." Writing snow is obviously different from Tianshan snow songs. The poem "Luoyang pear flower falls is like snow" written by Xiao Zixian, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, is novel and unique, with floating snow as a metaphor for flowers, while pear flowers as a metaphor for snow, which vividly depicts the whiteness, freshness, beauty and dancing of snow, and gives readers a variety of aesthetic feelings, which is better than Xiao's poems. This metaphor is also not found in Tianshan snow songs. "Snow Song in Tianshan Mountain": "I can follow Hanyin Mountain and chase Hu Feng through Tieguan. There are no birds on the edge of Jiaohe City, and the wheels are slippery. " Writing about snow is also very different from Bai Xuege. Yinshan, also known as Yinshan moraine, is near Kumushi in the southwest of Turpan, Xinjiang. Tieguan, also known as tiemenguan, is in the southwest of Yinshan Mountain. The "Jiaohe River" in the west of Turpan originated from Qilian Mountain. Tangjiaohe County is eight thousand miles away from Chang 'an, and the ground is cool early. "Luntai", now luntai county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. These four sentences are relative. The first two sentences write that the snowy moonlight shines on the cloudy mountain, and it is quite innovative to blow through the iron pass with Hu Zhifeng; The last two sentences use "birds are absolutely fascinated" and "horseshoe slippery" to describe the breadth and coldness of snow respectively. Let's not talk about the breadth of snow here, let's talk about "all birds are extinct", let's not talk about the cold of snow, and "horseshoe slip" is actually caused by the vast snow, which is so dark, subtle and vivid, and has its own characteristics with Bai Xuege. After Cen Can, Liu Zongyuan, another poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote about Jiang Xue in his poem "A Hundred Mountains Without Birds, A Thousand Paths Without Footprints" ("Jiang Xue"), perhaps inspired by Cen Can's "Birds on the Edge of Jiaohe City".
3. Similarities and differences at the end
The endings of Bai Xuege and Snow Song in Tianshan Mountain are very long and intriguing, but there are obvious differences in concrete performance. "Then he disappeared at the corner, leaving only the hoofprint." This is the end of the former, and these two sentences are similar to the realm described in Li Bai's poem "Sailing far across the sky, leaving only the Yangtze River to flow in the sky" ("Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran's trip to Yangzhou"). The difference is that one bid farewell to Fujian at the foot of Tianshan Mountain and the other bid farewell to Fujian by the Yangtze River. "Then he disappeared around the corner." The poet looked at his friend and stood in the snow until his friend disappeared, showing the depth of his friendship. "Leaving only his hoofprint", the description of this detail, has a profound meaning. My friend left, leaving only the footprints of the horse in the snow. It is really empty. This implicitly and vividly shows the feelings of parting and the complex feelings of missing hometown, which can be described as "an indescribable scene, like the present;" The meaning is endless, see "Ci" (2).
"Why don't give you in the snow? Only green pine branches. " This is the end of the latter, with a long aftertaste, but it is obviously different from the end of the former. It uses a rhetorical question, asking itself and answering it, which is included in the question: "What to send in the snow? Only green pine branches. " China had the custom of breaking willows to bid farewell in the Han Dynasty. According to "Three Auxiliary Huang Tu", when the Han people send their guests to Baqiao (ancient Chang 'an, now the east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province), they often fold willows to say goodbye, that is, folding willows is a pedestrian (the homonym of "willow" and "staying"), indicating farewell. People in the Tang Dynasty often fold willows to bid farewell. According to legend, in memory of Qin E, written for Li Bai, there is a saying that "willow leaves leave every year, and Baling mourns farewell". In Cen Can, there are no willows to see visitors off outside the Great Wall, which is covered with ice and snow and condensed in Wan Liyun. Instead, there are "pine branches". On the one hand, pine trees have the quality of Ling Xue, Ao Shuang: "They don't change color when it is cold, but they lose their branches when they get old. Dew from the golden plate, the wind blows from Yushu. Send a message to Xie Shuangxue, don't change your mind "(Sui Lilinde's" Song Song "); Secondly, pine trees symbolize evergreen friendship, so the ending is endless.
4. Similarities and differences in styles
Cen Can's poetic style is mainly fantastic and intense. Bai Xuege and Snow Song in Tianshan Mountain fully embody this style of Cen Can's poetry, but they are different. The former sees beauty in strangeness and strength. The first two sentences are about strong wind, which is quite imposing. Next, "Like a strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". Pear, a southern scenery with spring, gives the northern snow scene a spring color, which makes people feel beautiful. Next, I write about the strange cold after the snow, with both rough brushstrokes and delicate descriptions. Writing the feeling of parting at the end is both subtle and handsome. The latter is a more magnificent poetic style. Whether it is writing about the snow scene in Tianshan Mountain and the cold after the snow, or writing a poem that gives people away in the snow, such as "The snow clouds in Tianshan Mountain often don't open, and the snow in Qianfeng Mountain is Cui Wei. At night, the north wind rolls into the Red Pavilion, and the snow in Tianshan Mountain is thicker overnight. " "The general's fox and fur are not warm, and all the swords are not frozen." "Why did you give them to you in the snow? "Only pine branches", the momentum is extraordinary. "Lu You, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem" Reading Cenjiazhou Poems at Night ",saying that" the public poem is faithful and magnificent, and the pen pursues Du Li "and" the public poem sings Tianshan Mountain and occasionally thinks about it ",which is highly praised by Cen Can.
In a word, these two poems by Cen Can both describe the farewell to Fujian and the return to Beijing, which are "difficult to write now", and both express the feelings of farewell between poets and friends. They are affectionate and touching, but they are different in conception, diction, ending and style. This is enlightening to how to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in today's poetry creation.
To annotate ...
(1) shenqing deqian: On Poetry, On Poetry, Proofread by People's Literature Publishing House, 1979, p.213.
(2) Song Ouyang Xiu: "Poem on June 1st" is quoted from Mei, and "Poem on June 1st" is "White Stone Narration in South China", collated by People's Literature Publishing House 1962, p. 9.
(Wang Meichun)