The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. Compiled in the Spring and Autumn Period, there are 305 works from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, representing the highest achievement of poetry creation more than 2,500 years ago. The works in The Book of Songs are the lyrics of chorus, which are divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. Wind is the tune of music, and national wind is national music. Elegant Style is a work that reflects the social life in the period of political decline and chaos in the Zhou Dynasty, also known as "Changing Style" and "Changing Elegance". Yaben is a musical name, which is divided into "Elegance" and "Xiaoya". It's music from the area directly ruled by the Zhou Dynasty, 105. "Ode" is a hymn and music for sacrifice. It consists of Zhou Song, Truffles and Ode to Shang, with 40 articles in total.
Pre-Qin prose can be divided into historical prose and various schools of thought prose. Generally speaking, historical prose is mainly narrative, and various essays are mainly reasoning. Historical prose includes Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Warring States Policy and Mandarin. Chunqiu is the earliest chronicle of the Warring States compiled by Confucius. This paper describes the major events that happened in various countries in 242 years from the year of Luyin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of public mourning (480 BC). Confucius also made some judgments on those events according to his own point of view, and chose the words he thought appropriate to imply praise or criticism, which is what people often say. Imitating its style, Zuo Zhuan recorded Lu 12 emperors in the order of recluse, Huan, Zhuang, Min, Nuo, Wen, Xuan, Cheng, Xiang, Zhao, Ding and Ai. The 30-volume book describes in detail the political, diplomatic and social events of various countries and the activities of some representative figures in the Spring and Autumn Period. From a literary point of view, it has a high artistic achievement. He created various precise text structures and charming literary language, vividly described a series of characters, and was especially good at writing complex war events in subtle style. For example, the battle between Qilu and Changshao, the battle between Chu Jin and Chengpu, and the battle between Qin Jin and Chu Jin were tense and dramatic, which became the model of narrative prose in later generations. The Warring States Policy, also known as the National Policy, is an anthology of historians or military strategists of various countries during the Warring States Period, which has been passed down to this day. It was compiled into thirty-three articles by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. It mainly describes the political ideas and struggle strategies put forward by counselors and strategists at that time when lobbying countries or debating with each other. There are biographies, stories, debates and letters, which reflect the sharp and complicated political struggle between countries at that time. It is another famous historical prose after Chunqiu and Zuozhuan in the pre-Qin period. In artistic creation, compared with Zuo Zhuan, it has developed. It often vividly depicts characters' words and deeds in complex political events, portrays many vivid characters and writes many tortuous stories. If you travel, Jing Ke enters Qin, moving Zhao Fei, and Su Qin begins to Lian Heng, which are all well-known masterpieces. This book pays special attention to the art of language and uses a lot of exaggeration and metaphor. Parallelism and other artistic techniques, mixed with fables, show the distinctive characteristics of "passing on" and "arguing freely". Guoyu ***2 1 is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming. This book focuses on several events in the history of various countries. The style of writing is unpretentious, characterized by being good at remembering words and describing characters' demeanor.
Cifu is one of the literary styles in ancient China. Ci is called Chu Ci because it originated in Chu State during the Warring States Period. Fu means to spread the past, characterized by "spreading words" and "straight books" Both of them have the nature of verse and prose, and they are a unique style of half poetry and half prose. The structure is grand, rhetoric is gorgeous, literary talent and sense of rhythm are emphasized, and exaggeration and exposition are often used.
Chu Ci is a literary work created by Chu people represented by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period. When Han became emperor, Liu Xiang joined forces with Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke, Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, Dong Fangshuo, Zhuang Ji and Bao Wang. And his own words into a set, *** 16, named "Chu Ci". Qu Yuan's works are the most numerous and of the highest quality in Chu Ci, and his Li Sao is a masterpiece of Chu Ci, so later people call it "Sao Style".
The forms and styles of Tang poetry are colorful and innovative. It not only inherited the tradition of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles. Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development. It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far. However, the metrical poems in modern poetry are easy to be bound because of their strict metrical restrictions, which is a major defect brought by their advantages.
Song Ci is one of China's ancient poems. It began in Liang Dynasty, formed in Tang Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. According to Old Tang Book; "Since Kaiyuan (the year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty), singers have mixed the songs of Okoyi Lane." At that time, there were many talented musicians in the city who made a living by singing. According to the need to coordinate the lyrics with the music beat, they created or adapted some long and short sentence lyrics, which are the earliest words. It can also be seen from Dunhuang Quzi Ci that the words produced by the people are decades earlier than those created by the literati.
China's classical literature is the best.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. It is said that it was deleted by Confucius and passed on by Mao Heng in Han Dynasty.
Shan Hai Jing is the earliest geographical chronicle with myths and legends in China, and the author has no way to verify it.
Mu Zhuan is the earliest historical novel in China, and the author has no way to verify it.
Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is the earliest collection of philosophical essays in China, written by the Prime Minister of Qin State and his disciples.
The new book is the earliest collection of political essays in China, written by Jia Yi, an outstanding thinker, writer and politician in the Western Han Dynasty.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu is the earliest collection of note novels in China, written by Liu Yiqing, a famous writer in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.
Searching for the Gods is China's first mystery novel, written by Gan Bao, a writer and historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Guoyu is the first national history book in China. According to historical records, the author is Zuo Qiuming, which was wrongly entrusted by later generations.
Historical Records is the first biographical general history in China, written by Sima Qian, a famous historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty.
Zi Tong Zhi Jian is the first chronological general history in China, written by Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Ge Yanxing is the first complete seven-character poem written by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, a famous poet in the Three Kingdoms period.
Peacock Flying Southeast is the first excellent long narrative poem in China, which the author can't study.
Li Sao is China's first excellent lyric poem, written by Qu Yuan, a great poet of Chu in the Warring States Period.
The Analects of Confucius is China's first prose with written records. The writer is Kong Qiu's disciple and re-disciple.
Spring and Autumn Annals is the first privately compiled history book in China, written by Kong Qiu, a famous thinker and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Hanshu is the first biographical dynastic history in China, written by Ban Gu, a writer and historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Wen Xin Diao Long is the earliest monograph on literary criticism in China, written by Liu Xie, a literary critic in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Shi Pin is the earliest monograph on poetry evaluation in China. The author is Zhong Rong, a literary critic in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Wenxuan (Zhaoming Wenxuan) is the earliest existing collection of articles in China, written by Xiao Tong in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Laozi is the earliest translation of foreign ancient books in China. The translator is Xuanzang (Fa Hao), a monk, Buddhist scholar, translator and traveler in the Tang Dynasty, formerly known as Chen Yi.
Xu Xiake's Travels is one of the most valuable tourist geography works in China. The author is Xu Hongzu, an outstanding traveler, geographer and essayist in Ming Dynasty.
The Romance of the West Chamber is a zaju with the highest artistic achievement in China, and it is known as "the best in the world". The writer is Wang Shifu, a famous dramatist in Yuan Dynasty.
Yuan Jun is the earliest political paper with democratic thoughts written by Huang Zongxi, an outstanding thinker and writer in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties in China.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China's first excellent historical novel, written by Luo Guanzhong, a famous popular novelist in Ming Dynasty.
Outlaws of the Marsh is China's first excellent novel describing the peasant revolutionary struggle, written by Shi Naian, a famous novelist in Ming Dynasty.
The Journey to the West is China's first fairy tale, written by Wu Cheng'en, a novelist in Ming Dynasty.
Jin Ping Mei is China's first family novel, written by a novelist (pen name) in Ming Dynasty.
Meng Qian Bi Tan is the first comprehensive academic monograph in China, written by Shen Kuo, a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty.
The Scholars is the first excellent satirical novel in China, written by Wu, a great novelist in Qing Dynasty.
A Dream of Red Mansions is an early vernacular novel with the highest artistic achievement in China, written by Cao Xueqin, a great novelist in Qing Dynasty.
Officialdom in Appearance is China's first condemnation novel, written by Li, a condemnation novelist in Qing Dynasty.
Qu Yuan was the first great poet in China, and his works were included in The Songs of the South.
Mrs. Xu Mu was the first female poet in China. Her works include Eating, Spring Water and Bamboo Rod.
Ban Zhao, the first female historian in China, continued her brother Ban Gu's Hanshu.
Li Qingzhao was the first poetess in China, and her works were included in the Collection of Li Qingzhao.
Li Bai was the greatest romantic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his works were included in The Complete Works of Li Taibai.
Du Fu was the greatest realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his works were collected in Du Gongbu Collection.
Bai Juyi was the greatest realistic poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, and his works were included in Bai Changqing Collection.
Yang Wanli is the poet who wrote the most poems in Chinese history. He wrote more than 20 thousand poems in his life, and his works were collected by Chengzhai Collection.
Guan Hanqing is the greatest dramatist in China, and his masterpiece is the zaju Dou Eyuan.