Literature is an art that uses language and words to intuitively reflect the objective reality and express the writer's inner world, including poetry, prose, novels, scripts, fables, fairy tales and other genres. It is an important literary form, which expresses inner feelings in different forms and reproduces social life in a certain period and region.
As a discipline, literature includes China language and literature, foreign language and literature and journalism and communication. Literature belongs to one of the humanities, and keeps pace with philosophy, religion, law and politics at the top of the social structure. It originated from human thinking activities. Oral literature first appeared, usually combined with music to form lyric poems that can be sung.
The earliest written documents are China's The Book of Songs, Indian Ramayana and ancient Greek Ilion Ji. China's works written in words in the pre-Qin period were collectively referred to as literature, and literary works were listed separately only after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The classification of European traditional literature theory divides literature into three categories: poetry, prose and drama.
Modern literature is usually divided into four categories: poetry, novel, prose and drama. Literature is the art of language, an important embodiment of social culture and beauty. Literary works are works that writers express their unique spiritual world with unique language art. Without these two unique characteristics, there would be no real literary works.
An outstanding writer is a hero in the spiritual world of a nation. Literature represents the art and wisdom of a nation. Literature is a subject that expresses social life and psychological activities in words, and belongs to the category of social ideology.
(1) One of the social ideologies, all books and documents written in words at all times and all over the world have been collectively referred to as literature. Modern art refers to the art of shaping images with language to reflect social life and express thoughts and feelings, so it is also called "language art".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, literature was divided into two categories: verse and prose. Modern literature is usually divided into poetry, prose, novel, drama, film and television literature and other genres. Various schools have various styles.
(2) One of the four families of Confucius, The Analects of Confucius Advanced: "Literature, Ziyou, Xia Zi." Xing Bingshu: "If the article has knowledge, there is a child tour and Xia Zi." He also teaches subjects for aristocratic children. Song Dynasty's Biography of Lei Cizong: "The world attaches importance to art, making Danyang Yin Lixuan learn, the prince cited He Chengtian to make history, and Situ made literature from the army."
(3) refers to the cultivation of the word chapter, Yuan Jie's "Da Tang Fu": "Wen Ruo is not old, who will do it?"
(4) Official, which was placed in states, counties and kingdoms in Han Dynasty, or "literature and history" or "literature and history", originated from later teaching. In order to select talents, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty specially set up the subject of "Xianwen", and all counties recommended talents to take the exam in Beijing. Those who are recommended are called "sages".
"Virtue" refers to a person with good moral character and noble morality; "Wen" refers to people who are proficient in Confucian classics. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it became known as "literary engagement". In the Tang Dynasty, the doctor was placed in Zhou Xian County, which was renamed as "Literature" in Dezong, and the prince and the king were also placed as "Literature". Abolished in Ming and Qing dynasties.
(5) Literature belongs to the category of art and social ideology. When China was in the pre-Qin period, he had two meanings: literature and erudition. Modern refers to an art form that uses language to create images to reflect and act on social life. China generally divides it into four categories: poetry, prose, novel and drama literature.
(6) Literature is humanistic, social, national, people-oriented, class-oriented and authentic. The development of literature is a complicated process, which is influenced by various internal and external factors of literature. Generally speaking, literature develops with the development of social life.
There are three main social functions of literature: one is cognitive function, the other is educational function and the third is aesthetic function. These three functions occur at the same time, which constitutes the social function of literature.
(7) Literature is a product of consciousness and a reflection of life. Literature is an objective thing. After it reaches people's minds, people recombine and assemble what is expressed in words.
(8) There are literatures both at home and abroad, but there are differences between foreign literature and China literature. For example, the classification of foreign novels is different from that of China.
(9) After the Renaissance, the world's definition of literature gradually evolved into: literature is an art based on written language. Because its carrier is language, it is different from music, art and other art forms.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Literature (a language art form)