At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.
Who would have thought that our bowl of rice and grain are full of the blood and sweat of farmers?
Source of works
The two poems in "Compassion for Peasants" are five-character ancient poems written by Shen Li, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and were included in "All Poems of Tang Dynasty".
This group of poems profoundly reflects the living conditions of farmers in feudal China. The first poem vividly depicts the fruitful scene everywhere, highlighting the realistic problem that farmers have worked hard to get a bumper harvest, but they starve to death with empty hands; The second song describes the scene of working in farmers' fields at noon in the scorching sun, which generally shows the hard work life of farmers all year round. Finally, the poet expressed his heartfelt sympathy for the farmers with the motto "Who knows that every meal is hard". The poetry anthology selected typical life details and well-known facts, and concentrated on describing the social contradictions at that time. The style of the whole poem is simple and heavy, the language is popular and simple, the syllables are harmonious and bright, the combination of reality and reality, and the comparative application enhances the expressive force of the whole poem. These two poems are not only widely circulated among the people, but also have a certain influence in the history of literature. In modern times, they are chosen as ideological textbooks for primary schools.
original work
Two poems about farmers
one
In spring, as long as you sow a seed, you can harvest a lot of food in autumn.
There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death.
Secondly,
At noon in summer, the sun is very hot, farmers are still working, and beads are dripping into the soil.
Who would have thought that our bowl of rice and grain are full of the blood and sweat of farmers?
Sentence annotation
(1) pity. There is sympathy here. A poem is two ancient poems. The sequential versions of these two poems are different.
⑵ Millet: generally refers to cereals.
③ Autumn Harvest: A work called Qiu Cheng. Son: refers to grain particles.
(4) Four Seas: refers to the whole country. Idle field: a field that has not been cultivated.
5] Jude: Still.
[6] Cereals: The general term for cereal plants.
(7) rice: one is "3". A generic term for cooked food.
Translation of works
one
Sow a seed in spring and you can harvest a lot of food in autumn.
There is not a piece of land that is not cultivated, but farmers still starve to death.
Secondly,
Farmers are weeding in the midday sun, and sweat drips from them on the land where seedlings grow.
Who knows that every meal on the plate is bought by farmers with hard work?
Creation background
According to Fan Gang's Yunxi Friendship in the Tang Dynasty and Lu Shu's Biography of Wei in the old Tang Dynasty, it can be roughly inferred that this group of poems was written by Shen Li in the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dezong (799).
works appreciation
At the beginning of the first poem, "a grain of millet" was turned into "10,000 seeds", which vividly described the bumper harvest and praised the farmers' labor with "planting" and "harvesting". The third sentence, by extension, shows that within the four seas, wasteland becomes fertile land, which, combined with the first two sentences, constitutes a vivid scene of fruitful and "gold" everywhere. "Enlightening men" is for stronger "hair". These three poems show the great contribution and infinite creativity of the working people with progressive brushwork, making the following knot more dignified and more painful. "Farmers still starve to death" not only makes the content coherent, but also highlights the problem. Hard-working farmers got a bumper harvest with their hands, but they were still empty-handed and starved to death. Poetry forces people to think "who created this human tragedy" with a heavy heart. The poet puts all this behind the scenes for readers to discover and think. Combining these two aspects, as Marx said: "Labor has produced amazing works (miracles) for the rich, but labor has produced extreme poverty for the workers. Labor built palaces, but caves for laborers. Labor produces beauty, but it produces deformities for workers. "
The second poem, from the beginning, describes that at noon in the hot sun, farmers are still working in the fields, dripping sweat on the scorching land. This makes up for the change from "a millet" to "ten thousand kinds" and then to "the four seas have no idle fields", which was watered by thousands of farmers in Qian Qian, Qian Qian with blood and sweat; This also captures the most typical image of the following "every grain is hard", which can be described as one tenth. Generally, it shows the hard life of farmers who don't avoid cold, summer, rain, snow, wind and frost all year round. "Who knows that every grain of Chinese food is hard" is not an empty sermon, nor is it a moaning without illness; It is similar to a profound motto, but it not only wins by its persuasiveness, but also reflects the poet's infinite resentment and sincere sympathy in this deep sigh.
Compared with those famous poems, these two short poems are not excellent in the flowery Tang poetry world, but they are widely spread, well known to women and children, and it is not unreasonable to be recited and tasted by people.
First of all, the contents of these two poems are the most familiar things that people often come into contact with. However, you don't really know what you are most familiar with. There are many things in life that you turn a blind eye to. If someone tries to enlighten you, explain the essence, or point out some truth involved, you will feel very eye-catching and clear, thus deepening your understanding. This is the reason why these two little poems have vitality.
"Planting a millet in spring and harvesting 10,000 seeds in autumn" is probably familiar to everyone. But it is often difficult for poets to get in touch with society and class and think about some problems. The poet thought of it. However, he saw the cruel reality that "farmers are still starving to death" from the harvest scene of Tianxia. This dial is surprisingly eye-catching and naturally left a deep impression on people. Another example is "Chinese food on a plate", which people touch every day and eat at every meal. However, no one thought of linking this grain with the sweat of farmers under the scorching sun. The poet observed it keenly and condensed it into a poem "Every grain is hard". This enlightens people, makes them think about the truth, and makes those who do not know how to cherish food deeply educated.
Secondly, when the poet expounds the above contents, he does not use vague abstractions, but uses vivid images and profound contrasts to expose problems and explain the reasons, so that people can easily accept and understand them. Like the first three sentences of the first song, in general, they all use vivid images to summarize the hard work of farmers in the vast fields, such as spring planting and autumn harvest. These sufferings have brought a lot of food, so we can live, but the last sentence has become "farmers are still starving." In this way, the situation before and after is in sharp contrast, which causes readers to think about problems and draw conclusions from the comparison, which is much more profound and powerful than the author telling readers his own views directly. Another example is the second song. The first two sentences of the author didn't say how hard it is for farmers to farm and how difficult it is for crops to grow. He just made an image of the plot of farmers sweating in the hot sun, which made people make this hard and hard taste more concrete, profound and real. Therefore, the poet finally said in a rhetorical tone that "everyone knows that every meal is hard" is very convincing. In particular, comparing the grain to a drop of sweat is really subtle and vivid.
Finally, the language of the poems is simple, the syllables are harmonious and lively, catchy and easy to recite, which is also the reason why these two short poems have been circulated among the people for a long time.
Famous comments
Fan Yi's friends' party in Yunxi: It was originally recommended by Gong Li (a gentry), and he often asked Lu Guanghua for advice on "ancient style". Wen said that Qi Yuan was warm outside, and Di Jing said, "If I look at Li Erjie, I will be your minister." As he said.
Zhou Zun's General Comment on the Forest at the Tang Poetry Appraisal Meeting: Wu Shan people say: It's written in good faith, and it's written in pity. It's safe to read in romantic language? Knowing the difficulty of farming, you can't bear to make people rich with debauchery. Today, those who lie high in the water temple and the wind pavilion are still suffering from inflammation. How about setting an afternoon sweat?
Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Furnace": Poems are unintentional; Have a heart, but also suffer from nothing to say. For example, weeding at noon, poetry is rare.
Xu Zeng's Two Tang Poems: In the hot days, growing food is often boring. At noon, hoes are working in the fields, and it's really hot ... When they become four coarse dishes, cooking is as white as teeth, and they can chew as much as they can, they know that the rice they eat, one grain at a time, is all hoed out of the ribs by farmers in sweat and rain! This poem is written by the public, so it should be written frequently. The word "people" in this topic must be pointed out. If it is clear, the word "people" is among them.
300 Tang Poems by Wu: Is Love Natural? Those who abandon the sky and things are not afraid of thunder and should be moved by Sri Lanka.
He Shang's "Poetry in the Wine Garden": "Poetry has different interests and has nothing to do with reason." However, the reason is not enough to hinder the beauty of poetry. For example, Yuan Cishan's Journey to the Mausoleum, Meng Dongye's Ode to a Wanderer, Han Tui's monster hunt and Gong Li's Poems of Compassion for Peasants (that is, ancient style) are really advocated by the Six Classics.
Li E's Yi Shi's Notes: This kind of poetry is won purely by meaning, not by words, and the change of "ghost" is also a trend.
Liu Yongji's "Essence of Tang Poetry": These two poems tell us that farmers are being exploited, and the exploiting class does not know the difficulty of cultivating crops. However, Wang Shizhen (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty) was not selected, but his skin was ethereal, ethereal and ethereal, and he was complacent and full of dissatisfaction.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shen (772-846), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in the seventh year of the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home was in Bozhou, Anhui. My father, Wu Li, served as the county magistrate of Jintan, Wucheng (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang) and Jinling (now Changzhou, Jiangsu), took his family to Wuxi and settled in Meritori (now Changgongguan Village, Dongting, Wuxi, Jiangsu).
Li Shen lost his father when he was very young, and his mother taught him to be upright. 15 years old, studying in Huishan. When I was young, I witnessed farmers working all day, with no food and clothing. With sympathy and indignation, I wrote two poems of "Compassion for Farmers", including the famous sentences "Everywhere is idle, farmers still starve to death" and "Who knows, every grain is hard", and I am known as a poet who sympathizes with farmers. In the twentieth year of Zhenyuan (804), Li Shen went to Beijing to take the exam again, but failed to do so and lived in seclusion. He once wrote Yingying Song for Yuan Zhen's Biography of Yingying, which brought out the best in each other and spread to future generations. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), he was a scholar, supplemented by imperial academy. After leaving for Jinling, he entered the shogunate of our ambassador Li Wei. Because of dissatisfaction with Li's rebellion, he was imprisoned. Li Wei was released after being killed and returned to Wuxi Huishan Temple to study. In four years, Yuanhe went to Chang 'an as a school bookkeeper. Together with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, he created the new Yuefu poetry style (known as the new Yuefu movement in history) and wrote 20 new Yuefu poems. Yuanhe rose to the right in fourteen years. Yuanhe served as a bachelor of Hanlin in fifteen years and was involved in the dispute of cronies. He is an important figure of the Li Party, and once served as an adviser to the imperial history and assistant minister of the household department. Together with Li Deyu and Yuan Zhen, they are called the three handsome men. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), the Li Party lost power and was demoted as Sima of Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). During his exile, Li Shen wrote many poems to describe the arduous journey and vent his dissatisfaction. From the year of Bao Liyuan (825) to the fourth year of Taihe (830), Shen Lixian later served as the secretariat of Jiangzhou, Chuzhou and Shouzhou, and the situation improved.
In the seventh year of Taihe, Li Deyu was the prime minister and Shen Li was the secretariat of East Zhejiang. In the first year of Kaicheng (836), he served as Henan Yin (the chief executive in charge of Luoyang, the capital of East China), and was appointed as Bianzhou secretariat, Xuanwu Army, our time and observation envoy. In August of three years, I edited and prefaced three volumes of poems about my past travels. The preface of the poem describes the experience from adolescence to entering the frontier. In the fifth year of Huainan, he went to Beijing to pay homage, served as an assistant minister and a Chinese book, and was later promoted to the right assistant minister of Shangshu, making Zhao Guogong. Four years together. In the fourth year of Huichang (844), he resigned due to a stroke. Later, he served as our special envoy in Huainan. Huichang died of illness in Yangzhou for six years at the age of 74 and was buried in his hometown of Wuxi. Give it to Qiu and Yi Wensu.
His works have been handed down to this day, including 3 volumes of Journey to the West and Miscellaneous Poems 1 volume, which are included in the Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty.