1. Bridge classification
Beam bridge: beam type, also known as beam-column type, is a bridge column or pier in water, which is connected by beams and can be divided into single span and multi-span.
Pontoon bridge: A bridge with boats or other floating objects as its feet.
Suspension bridge: The bridge whose story is set on the moat is now the general name of suspension bridge and cable-stayed bridge.
Arch bridge: a bridge with arch as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body.
Overpass: a bridge built to ensure that traffic does not interfere with each other when lines (such as roads and railways) cross. Those crossing existing lines are also called overpass bridges, and those crossing underground are also called tunnels.
2. The artistic style of ancient bridges in China:
First of all, it is manifested in the shape, such as the softness and variability of the curve;
Secondly, the ancient bridge in China attaches great importance to the harmony with the environment, because the existence of the bridge increases the aesthetic feeling of the environment;
Third, there were bridges, pavilions, pavilions, railings and archways in ancient China.
2. Qiao Hua
1. Bridges and scenery are beautiful in themselves. The bridges in this natural picture really complement each other. Poems such as Du Fu's "Willow on the Bridge, Meixiangye on the River Road" and Bai Juyi's "Sunny Hongqiao Reflecting, Autumn Goose Whispering" all describe the beautiful scenery composed of mountains, water and bridges.
Where there is water in the mountains, there must be bridges, pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, which set each other off and are indispensable. Ouyang Xiu's two poems, "Bo Ming, Color Beauty, Quzhu Bridge Painting Children's Songs", are a portrayal of this aspect.
3. Bridges and bridges are in the water and Yamanoe, and people of all kinds are flying over obstacles, which has always been an excellent theme in literature and art, such as the famous Maple Bridge in Suzhou. In poetry, in addition to Zhang Ji's poem "Sleeping by the Maple Bridge", there is also Du Mu's "The grass in Changzhou is rustling, and the autumn rain crosses the Maple Bridge at dusk". In painting, the structure of "Hongqiao" in Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is very ingenious. In terms of drama, there are many "bridge plays" in Beijing Opera alone. The most famous works are Changbanpo, Broken Bridge and Caoqiao Dream. The story of "Queqiao" in myths and legends has a long history, and the story of Zhang riding a donkey backwards across the bridge is also known to all women and children.
4. The historical story of the bridge Qiantang River Bridge, built in 1937, is the first modern bridge designed and built by China people themselves, as you may know; But do you know that this bridge was opened to traffic on September 26th 1937, and it was blown up by us on February 23rd, and it didn't serve the Japanese invaders!
3. All kinds of bridges, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign
1. The oldest bridge in China.
The oldest existing open-shouldered stone arch bridge is Zhao Zhouqiao, Zhao County, Hebei Province. It was built from the 15th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty to the first year of Daye (595-605).
The earliest existing multi-arch stone bridge with span is baodai bridge, Suzhou, Jiangsu. Founded in the 11th year of Tang Yuanhe (8 16).
The earliest existing bridge crossing is the fish pond flying beam in Jinci, Shanxi Province, which was built in the first year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 102).
The earliest movable switch stone bridge is Guangzhou Chaozhou Guangji Bridge. It was built in the 10th year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435).
The only Wu Ting Bridge is located in Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu.
The overpass adds a modern flavor to the city.
The earliest road overpasses built in Beijing are Baifu Bridge on Changping Road, Balizhuang Bridge on Landianchang Road and Chedaogou Bridge, all of which were built at 1966. 1974, Fuxingmen Bridge, the first overpass in the urban area, was completed.
Siyuan Bridge is located at the intersection of Capital Airport Expressway, Jingshun Road and Fourth Ring Road. It is a four-story interconnected large overpass with 26 large and small bridges, with a total length of 2.6 kilometers. It is the largest urban overpass in China. Yuting Bridge, located at the intersection of South Second Ring Road and Dongpu Road, is a three-story dragonfly overpass.
3. The construction cost of subsea tunnel is high and the construction period is long, so people choose more cross-sea bridges.
At present, there are more than 30 large-scale sea-crossing bridges in the world. Bahrain-Saudi Arabia sea-crossing bridge is located in the Persian Gulf, with a total length of 25 kilometers, which is the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world today.
The Messina Bridge in Italy connects the mainland that looks like boots and Sicily that looks like football. The Bosphorus Strait Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, although it spans only1.560m, is an intercontinental bridge across Europe and Asia.
Where there are people, there are mountains and rivers, and there are bridges. Like the mountains and rivers in China, China Bridge culture is an important part of world culture and China culture. The bridge in China was born during the clan commune, with a history of 4000 to 6000 years. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, four bridge systems were basically formed: beam bridge, arch bridge, suspension bridge and pontoon bridge. During the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, the ancient bridge construction technology reached its peak. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the previous bridge-building techniques were comprehensively summarized, and the design and construction specifications of various bridge types were initially formed. /kloc-In the late 20th century, ancient bridges with brick and wood as the main materials were replaced by modern bridges, and overpasses, sea-crossing bridges and steel-framed bridges showed the characteristics of modern civilization.