Yuanqu is the representative form of literature in Yuan Dynasty, which is divided into Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu, including poems and divertimento. Xiao Ling takes a tune as an independent unit, and its main forms are Chun Xue, Yuediao Tianjingsha and hillside sheep. The divertimento, also known as the Tridivertimento, is a divertimento composed of several tunes of the same palace tune, including "Nanlv Yizhihua" and "Shuangdiao Zhegui Ling".
Zaju is a kind of traditional opera in China, which is sung by one person, including the roles of Dan Jiao, Last Jiao, Qing Jiao and Miscellaneous Jiao. The plot of zaju is usually divided into three parts: wedge, passbook play and ending. Playwrights include Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan. Their works, such as Yuan, Romance of the West Chamber, Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty, Wu Tongyu, etc. , with profound ideological connotation and distinctive characteristics of the times.
Yuanqu is characterized by simple and natural language, sincere expression, vivid description and flexible form. It enters songs in vernacular Chinese, which breaks the shackles of poetry rhythm and makes poetry gain greater expressive force and vitality. At the same time, Yuanqu also has distinct characteristics of the times and nationalities, reflecting the social outlook and people's life in the Yuan Dynasty.
The origin of Yuanqu:
1. Inheritance and development of folk literature
Yuanqu originated from folk literature and absorbed many folk elements, including legends, stories and ballads. These folk literature forms were widely spread and developed in Yuan Dynasty, which provided rich materials and inspiration for Song Yuan. While inheriting the tradition of folk literature, Yuanqu also carried out innovation and development, forming a unique style and expression.
2. Prosperity and popularization of urban culture.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the economy and culture of the city got unprecedented development, and the cultural forms such as opera and quyi in the city also got popularization and prosperity. It is under this background that Yuanqu came into being and developed. The prosperity of urban culture provided a broad stage and audience for Yuanqu and promoted its popularization and development.
3. Participation and promotion of intellectuals
Intellectuals in Yuan Dynasty played an important role in promoting the development of Yuan Qu. They not only participated in the creation and performance of Yuanqu, but also conducted theoretical discussion and research on Yuanqu. These intellectuals promoted the wide spread and recognition of Yuanqu in a short time and became the representative form of the literary world at that time.