First, change things and help the poor.
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) was born in a lower-middle bureaucratic family. Seventeen or eighteen years old, taking the world as his own responsibility. Song Renzong celebrated for two years, and he became a scholar. After knowing Yin County, he was sentenced to Zhou Shu. He is concerned about the sufferings of people's livelihood, and has written to higher-level officials many times, suggesting to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages in order to alleviate the people's difficulties. The object-chanting poem "Rain Over My Book": "Wash away the joy of the world and comfort the eastern suburb of Nanmu.". Looking ahead, Sky will do business with the world. Ji means that the stars are calm and the windows are cool. Who is like a cloud that knows how to advance and retreat, when it becomes a rain, it returns to the mountains. " Literally, it is a natural phenomenon of rain, but this poem obviously entrusts the author's ambition and embrace. The poem shows that this is a long-awaited happy rain, and it also contains the meaning that the poet hopes that good rain can wash away all the evils in the world. At the end of the couplet, it was still raining, but the main idea has been transferred to people in real life. The advance and retreat of the cloud is very timely. When the world needed rain, it came to the sky and it began to rain. After the rain, it immediately retreated to the other side of the mountain. People in real life, who can know how to advance and retreat like clouds? Reading poems makes people feel that Wang Anshi is actually writing about himself when he writes about rain. As a politician, we should benefit the world and do something beneficial to all the people, just like a long drought meets rain. This is what he expects of himself.
In the summer of travel, Wang Anshi was 30 years old and retired from the post of magistrate in Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province. On his way back to his hometown Linchuan, Jiangxi, he visited Lingyin Mountain in Hangzhou and wrote "Climbing the Peak": "I flew to Chihiro Tower on the mountain, heard the cock crow and watched the sun rise. I am not afraid of clouds to cover my eyes, I am at the highest level. " This poem seems to describe the scenery of nature, but in fact it contains rich social content, in which the author's firm belief in reform and brave spirit are included. At that time, the young Wang Anshi firmly believed that only political reform could change the crisis situation of "accumulating the weak and helping the poor" in the Song Dynasty, hoping to have the opportunity to enter the highest decision-making body and show his talent of governing the country and leveling the world. Therefore, when he climbed the tower, he remembered the brilliant picture of crowing and sunrise, which was the natural expression of the enterprising spirit of the author when he was young. Wang Anshi's allusion to "clouds cover the sun" here not only shows that he is not blindly optimistic about the future changes, but also clearly realizes that there will be "clouds", which shows his tenacious struggle spirit of defying hardships and succumbing to evil forces. Later, in the process of political reform, in the face of all kinds of rumors and attacks, Wang Anshi did show the valuable spirit of "not afraid of floating clouds to cover his eyes" many times. This poem is the crystallization of philosophy and poetry.
Wang Anshi's early poems focus on reflecting social reality, such as Hebei People, which quite truly depicts the tyranny of the rulers and the sufferings of the people. The author used the so-called "rule of chastity" in history to attack the political corruption and social darkness of the rulers in the Northern Song Dynasty, revealing anger between the lines, which made people feel the need for political reform after reading it. Zhao Zhuan lived in Xining, Song Shenzong for two years (1069), and Wang Anshi was appointed as a political commissar. The following year, he worshipped the Prime Minister and started the new law. In view of the financial, political and frontier crisis in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, in order to overcome the crisis of feudal rule and make Qiang Bing a rich country, he carried out measures such as young crops law, conscription law, land tax law, farmland water conservancy law and Jiabao law, and reformed the imperial examination and academic system. The implementation of the new law for more than ten years has promoted the development of agricultural production, increased government revenue and enhanced military strength. At the beginning of the implementation of the new law, he wrote the quatrain "January Day": "In addition to firecrackers in one year, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su; Thousands of households always exchange new peaches for old ones. " January Day is not only a short poem about life, but also a philosophical poem. What the poet wrote here is far more than the joy of the New Year. It has a deeper meaning. That is, the poet showed a new understanding of life through the description of the scenery in Yuan Dynasty. In the poet's view, everything in the world is metabolized like "new peaches for old symbols", and new things are often full of vitality at the beginning like "spring breeze warming". This poem is an ode to both the Spring Festival and the new law. It praised the new atmosphere brought by the implementation of the reform, and expressed the spirit of opposing the old ways and determined to reform. "Lack of not ended in January, Yi Deng according to autumn bed. Feel the wind and dew early when you are sick, and I don't know how long the mountains and rivers are. I feel generous when I am old, but I feel sad when I look at the world. Cicada is even more confusing to pedestrians' ears, holding semi-yellow sparse tung leaves. "The real meaning of this poem is not only the change of nature, but also the difficulty of writing state affairs. As a politician, Wang Anshi's thought is consistent with his political behavior all his life. Cicada at this time, otherwise, is related to all kinds of obstruction and interference of his political reform. Although he met with difficulties in political activities, his progressive thought of getting rid of the old and innovating and helping the people has always been with him.
Second, the worship of classics and the use of literature.
Wang Anshi is a politician's self-flaunt, and his literary view is guided by emphasizing Taoism and worshipping classics. "The so-called writer is to make up for the world. The so-called resignation is also portrayed. " Most of his articles directly serve his politics. In the third year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (1058), Wang Anshi was appointed as an official of weights and measures, and wrote the book Renzong's Last Words, proposing that "the family should be given to people, and the world should be ruled", "the country must be worried at home, and the country must be afraid of foreign countries", and "the world's financial resources are getting poorer, while customs are declining. People with lofty ideals in all directions are often afraid that the world will not be chaotic for a long time. " He advocates political reform. In the first year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1068), Wang Anshi went to give lectures as a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin, and made a profound analysis of the realistic situation in the Song Dynasty, thus demonstrating the necessity and possibility of carrying out political reform, pointing out that "today is the time when there is much to be done", hoping to make some achievements in politics and showing his concern for the realistic situation and resolute statesmanship. The academic papers "Zhou Xu" and "Shi Xu" are both written to cooperate with the new academic development of the new law. Answering Sima's suggestion is a record of the struggle in the implementation of the new law. In a short span of more than 300 words, this paper powerfully analyzes Sima Guang's five major crimes of "invading officials", "insurrection", "seeking profits", "refusing to remonstrate" and "appealing", and shows his sharp writing style, tactful and firm words, rational logic and principled political attitude. The purpose of reading Biography of Meng Changjun is to show that a scholar should have the ability to help the world, outstanding ideas, strong generalization and logic, and concise and simple language. The combination of extreme simplicity and meticulous reasoning has formed a unique style of "thin and hard" (Art Outline).
Wang Anshi's political poems, such as people in Hebei, merger, salt collection, feelings, fuss, rescue and so on. , showing sympathy for the people, anxiety about the future of society, resistance to traditional ideas, showing the political ideal of getting rid of the accumulated disadvantages. Most of his poems about epic poems and ancient poems have entrusted his lofty political aspirations and critical spirit, and they have different popular opinions. Shang Yang, Fan Ceng and Sean. They often express their political feelings by admiring historical figures in a "hair-trigger" way. In The Portrait of Du Fu, both the richness and creativity of Du Fu's poems are highly praised, and the inheritance of Du Fu's spirit of sympathy for the broad masses of the people is shown: "I would rather freeze my family to death than bear the cold of the world!" After living in seclusion in his later years, changes in his life and mood changed his poetic style. Poems that reveal the state of mind of "martyrs in their twilight years", such as "Chushan" and "Showing Yongqing Courtyard to Show Old Age", are full of political enthusiasm.
Third, retreat to the second line, lyrical narrative.
Wang Anshi's political reform is some improvement measures implemented by the state relying on the landlord class. Although the implementation of the new law has achieved some results, due to improper employment, some phenomena that endanger the people have appeared in the reform process; The new law violated the interests of big bureaucrats and landlords, was strongly opposed by conservative forces and even reformists who advocated stability, and the reform failed. Song Shenzong Xining seven years (1074), Wang Anshi went on strike, knowing jiangning house. Xining eight years, the second phase. After nine years in Xining, he stopped fighting, awarded jiangning house and retired from politics. However, Wang Anshi, who is determined to reform all his life, still writes lyrical scenes and sings history. After he dismissed from office, he wrote Plum Blossoms: "A few plums in a corner, hanling blooms alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " The author uses Yongmei to express his thoughts and character. A word "ling" points out plum blossom's perseverance in defying frost and snow. The connection between the last sentence "fragrance is coming" and "distant knowledge" shows that although the poet is far away from plum blossoms, the fragrance of plum blossoms can still penetrate into the poet's heart and make him know its existence. After reading this poem, everyone will be moved by the elegant fragrance of Mei, thus sublimating a pure and beautiful artistic conception. The political reform failed and he was forced to resign, but he was not afraid of isolation and attack, and stubbornly adhered to his political ideals. This poem expresses the author's thought and character with touching artistic images.
Starting from Qu Yuan, China feudal literati used to describe the meeting of talented people and beautiful women with the favor of beautiful women. The year before Wang Anshi wrote Fei Ming Qu, he wrote to Renzong and advocated political reform, but Renzong was lifeless and unwilling to make progress, and refused to accept his suggestion. "Don't you see that Gillian is close at hand, and there is no north or south in life", which is obviously to borrow someone else's glass and pour bricks into his chest, pinning his feelings on the poet, hoping to get the appreciation of Ming Jun. After the stop, he wrote a landscape poem "On the River": "The autumn shadow in Jiangbei is half open, and Xiaoyun is low with the rain. There is no winding green hills, and suddenly I see Qian Fan looming. " The scene described in the poem reminds people of Wang Anshi's ambivalence after he retired from Jiangning. On the one hand, like all feudal literati who were frustrated politically, he always showed a free and easy attitude. On the other hand, as an old man who has been in charge of world affairs for many years, how can he haunt any new political actions and any ups and downs and changes of the "new law" he promoted from time to time in his deep thoughts and feelings? "There are no green hills around, and suddenly I see Qian Fan looming." This is his expression of "being in a mountain village" and "being in Wei Que's heart", as he said in the poem "Li Can": "Yao Jie fell asleep during the right and wrong, because he didn't forget all the rest of his studies." "Apricot Flowers on the North Slope" is more profound and unyielding than the famous sentence "People are born thin, but they make themselves more talented and older" in Hua Zangyuan written earlier, although it implies narcissism for their noble sentiments. However, the firm and tragic style is not the author's.
In the ninth year of Xining in Song Shenzong, Wang Anshi awarded Jiangning the second sentence. This time, his mood is very complicated. On the one hand, he still can't forget his unsuccessful political reform after years of struggle; On the other hand, he is deeply disgusted and tired of the struggle for fame and fortune around the implementation of the new law. In "Bodhisattva Man" (a few huts are idle by the water), the author draws a beautiful picture, portrays a natural and quiet environment by anthropomorphic means, and also implies the poet's carefree mood. But is Wang Anshi really "idle"? He resigned angrily and lived in seclusion, but he retired with great ambition, and his heart was not idle. "Beijing Guazhou Yishui, Zhongshan is separated by several mountains. The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " Wang Anshi, who unswervingly advocated innovation and reform all his life, obviously used poetry as a tool to express his feelings. When the ship docked at the shore, it was quiet, but we could read the whole poem, but it was all about the poet's extremely uneasy mood after docking. Jingkou and Guazhou, two ferries separated by a river, are now berthed on this shore to prepare to cross the river. How close is this "water room"; It is only a few mountains away from Zhongshan. Boating in Guazhou, we will soon cross "several mountains" to Zhongshan. In the past, when I was in Beijing, I enforced the new law. Now I feel that the new law is opposed, the old and new parties are fighting, and it is getting closer and closer to my hometown. All my ideals and hopes, as well as my ambition to change, will stop my political ambition to make Qiang Bing a rich country in the world. This "Yishuifang" will be my transition from hard work to retirement. Xining seven years, hit it, know jiangning house; In the eighth year of Xining, Wang Anshi reappeared. At this time, he also thought that "the spring breeze is the green of Jiang Nanan". When the spring breeze swings irregularly, he can resume his post and implement the new law again. So, he couldn't help chanting "When will the bright moon shine on me", hoping to win the monarch's desire and summon him again, so as to realize the purpose of enriching Qiang Bing with his New Deal measures! "When", the moon asked. Wang Anshi is impatient! Regrettably, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty never recalled Wang Anshi, and the new law was abolished one year before his death.
Studying the poems of Wang Anshi, a famous figure in the Northern Song Dynasty, browsing his arduous history, and reading the elegant work "Sailing in Guazhou", we will no longer just regard a "green" word as a model of refining words, but read Wang Anshi's "wandering meaning" from the sound of "when the moon shines on me"