First, the basic skills of reading classical poetry
(1) Expression mode
1. Express one's feelings directly and express one's feelings through scenery.
Direct expression refers to words that directly express emotions, joys and sorrows, ideals and ambitions in poetry.
Lyricism by borrowing scenery is very common in ancient poems, because the purpose of China poets' writing poems is the same-poetry is precious in implication. Poets' feelings are often expressed implicitly through the description of scenery.
2. Symbol and expression of ambition
Symbol is to borrow something with a specific image to express specific things and feelings. Some traditional images in poetry are often endowed with certain symbolic meanings, such as looking at the moon to express homesickness and homesickness; When the ancients saw running water, they thought that time flies. Writing about spring flowers and autumn leaves refers to the beautiful years in life and the sadness of life, while willow trees contain the meaning of leaving love.
The main difference between ideograph and symbol is that ideograph expresses one's subjective ambition, interests or moral integrity through some concrete things, and the key point of understanding lies in grasping "ambition". For example, Yu Qian's lime poems express his innocence and integrity by praising lime; The "three friends of the old and the cold" commonly used in ancient poetry-pine, bamboo, plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and lotus-are also often used by authors to express their noble conduct under difficult circumstances.
Step 3 set off, contrast, contrast
The similarity between foil and contrast is "setting the Lord with the vice", and foil means setting the Lord with something similar.
The biggest difference between comparison and contrast is that they are equal, and there is no distinction between primary and secondary; Between the two, there is a master and a second, and the guest decides the master.
4. combination of static and dynamic, combination of reality and reality.
Ancient poets wrote landscape poems, paying great attention to the harmony of color, distance and movement.
rhetoric
Common rhetoric in poetry includes metaphor, personification, exaggeration, duality, parallelism, repetition and pun.
It is worth emphasizing that in poetry appreciation, there is often a question: "What skills does the author mainly use to express his feelings?" Or "What's the good of writing like this?" The essence of these two questions is to examine students' appreciation of expression ability. If there are obvious rhetorical devices, we should answer them from a rhetorical point of view. On the other hand, we should appreciate the whole poem from the way of expression.
Second, the answering skills of classical poetry reading
When answering poetry appreciation questions, we should pay special attention to answering strategies, and "answer any questions" for "one question and one answer"; Generally speaking, the "summary question" adopts the mode of "total-sub-total", that is, "what did the poem write-how to write-the benefits of writing like this"
Pay attention to the use of verbs and adjectives when answering questions about tempering words. When answering questions, we should accurately explain the contextual meaning of these words in this sentence and the whole poem, and then analyze their role in expressing the author's expression and their accurate, vivid, concise and vivid language use. There are language style terms in mind, such as: fresh and bright, natural and simple, bold and elegant, euphemistic and implicit, generous and tragic, beautiful words, full of rhythm and so on.
When solving the problem of expression skills, the thinking of paying attention to solving the problem is generally: according to the requirements of the topic, point out the expression skills (expression skills, rhetoric skills or structural skills), then briefly analyze the corresponding poems, and finally analyze the role of such skills in better expressing the author's feelings, that is, what skills-how to use them;
When answering questions about ideology and the author's attitude, we must carefully distinguish the words in the poem on the basis of grasping the content of the poem as a whole, and understand the author's intention of choosing words and making sentences, so as to understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the work. We can't draw conclusions just by a few words, let alone take them out of context.
At the same time, candidates should pay attention to the scores contained in the answers, because the college entrance examination generally has clear scoring points. If the given question is 4 points, the answer is generally answered from two aspects. If it is 3 points, the answer may be answered from three angles in three sentences.
As the old saying goes, "Look at a thousand swords before you know the instrument, and play a thousand songs before you know the sound." Although it is difficult to appreciate ancient poems, as long as we build confidence, master skills, improve artistic taste, deepen aesthetic understanding and enhance our ability to appreciate poems, we can cope with it freely in the exam and achieve ideal results.