Cen Can Cen Can (about 7 15-770), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was originally from Nanyang (now Xinye, Henan) and later moved to Jiangling (now Hubei). Han nationality, Jingzhou Jiangling (Hubei Jiangling) people. At the age of 56, he was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems are romantic, magnificent, imaginative, colorful and passionate, especially good at seven-character quatrains. He was born in a bureaucratic family, and his great-grandfather, great-uncle and uncle were all officials of the prime minister. Gao Shi, a contemporary, is also called "Gao Cen" with Gao Shi. His father was twice a state secretariat, but he died young and his family declined. I accepted my brother's books and read the history of classics since I was a child. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to present a book for an official position. If you can't find a formal position, you will go to Luo Jing and Roaming River. In 744 (Tianbao three years), at the age of 30, he was a scholar and Cao Congjun. In 749 (the eighth year of Tianbao), he was appointed as the secretary of Gao Xianzhi, the ambassador to Anxi, and went to Anxi, and returned to Chang 'an on 75 1. In 754, Judge Feng Changqing, our ambassador to the Northwest Hospital of An, went to war again. After the An Shi Rebellion, he returned to North Korea in 757 (the second year of Germany). Twice in the frontier for six years. His poem says, "Wan Li served the king with nothing to ask for. I also know that the border is bitter, and I am begging my wife. " ("Judge Yuwen on the first trip to Longshan Road") He also said: "Side by side, assist the curtain and take charge of the frontier. I have been waiting for a long time, so I also wear a short coat. I have been able to walk fast recently, and I am not calm. " (Dr. Feng Hou in the western suburb of Beiting surrendered and returned to the army.) It can be seen that his two trips to the fortress were quite ambitious. After he returned to North Korea, Du Fu and others recommended him to fill the vacancy, and later he was transferred to other official positions such as Scheeren. In 766 (the first year of Dali), he entered the history and was named Cenjiazhou. After the break, the guests died in Chengdu Guest House.
background information
In the thirteenth year of Tianbao, he went to the fortress and served as the judge (subordinate) of Feng Changqing, the ambassador of Anbei Hospital. His predecessor was Judge Wu, and the poet wrote this poem by sending him back to Beijing (Tang Changan) on a turntable.
Poetic features
The theme of Cen Can's poems involves narrative, questions and answers, landscapes and travels, among which frontier poems are the most outstanding, and "grandeur" is its outstanding feature. Cen Can went to frontier fortress twice and wrote more than 70 frontier fortress poems. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, he wrote the most frontier poems and made the most outstanding achievements. In his works, no enemy can be a real opponent in the face of the strength of the Tang Empire, so he doesn't need to write about the outstanding struggles and hard sacrifices of the soldiers. What he wants to write is another great force that stands in front of soldiers, that is, harsh nature. For example, in the The Journey to the West, snowy nights and roaring winds, flying sand and stones, these formidable harsh climatic environments in the frontier desert, in the poet's impression, have become spectacular scenery that set off heroism, which is a wonderful beauty worthy of appreciation. Without the enterprising spirit and courage to overcome difficulties, it is difficult to feel this way. Only poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can have this cheerful mind and this artistic sense. Cen Can expressed the scenery beyond the Great Wall with strange enthusiasm and magnificent colors. Under the control of frontier fortress's generosity and lofty sentiments, with heroic tone and peculiar artistic techniques, the strange scenery and customs of the northwest desert are vividly displayed, which has a unique magnificent beauty. It broke through the traditional mode of writing frontier poems in the past, and greatly enriched and broadened the description theme and content scope of frontier poems.
A song of snow sent Tian Shuji Wu home to Tang Dynasty.
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom. Pearl venetian blinds, wet silk curtain, fox fur (qiú) not warm, brocade quilt (qοon) thin (bó). Now that the bow becomes stiff, it is almost impossible to draw it out, and it is difficult to protect the iron clothes (zhuó). The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy. Zhong Jun bought wine and drank (yǐn) in return, playing the lute and the Qiang flute. Until dusk, when the snow collapsed our tent, the red flag was frozen. Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
The north wind swept the earth and scattered the white grass. It began to snow in Alakazam in August. Suddenly, it was like a spring breeze blowing overnight, as if thousands of trees and pears were in full bloom. Snowflakes scattered in the bead curtain wet the curtain, the fox hair was not warm, and the brocade quilt was too thin. The general's hands were too cold to open the horn bow, and his armor was still cold. The desert is frozen and cracked, and the sky in Wan Li is full of clouds. The coach put the wine in the account as a farewell party to return the guests, and the Huqin Pipa Qiangdi played an ensemble. In the evening, the snow kept falling in front of Yuanmen, the red flag was frozen stiff and the wind could not move. Take you back to Beijing outside the east gate of Luntai. Tianshan road was covered with heavy snow when I went there. The winding mountain road has lost sight of you, leaving only a string of horseshoe prints on the snow. Modern translation: the north wind roared across the earth, scraping off withered grass; Although it is August, snowflakes have already floated in the sky here. Overnight, all the branches were covered with snow, just like a thousand pears in spring. Snowflakes seeped through the bead curtain and wet the curtain. I didn't feel warm when I put on fox fur clothes, and the quilt made of silk brocade made people feel a little thin. Soldiers can't open crossbows with cold, and it's hard to put on armor. The desert is covered with thick ice, and the soldiers' faces are covered with clouds, thinking that this cold weather will pass soon. The banquet was arranged in Zhong Jun Hall to see off the guests who returned to Beijing, and played the beautiful music played by the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him. In the evening, outside Yuanmen, there was heavy snow, and the red flag was frozen stiff with ice and snow, and the strong north wind could not blow it. See you off outside the east gate of the wheel platform. When you left, snow covered the roads in Tianshan Mountain. The mountain is winding, the road is winding, and I can't see you, leaving only the footprints of horseshoes in the snow.
Bai Xuege, a masterpiece of frontier poems, was written in his second frontier stage. At this time, he was highly valued by Feng Changqing, the envoy of Anxi, and most of his frontier poems were written in this period. In this poem, with the poet's keen observation and romantic style, Cen Can depicts the magnificent scenery of the frontier fortress in the northwest of the motherland and the warm scene of envoys leaving Beijing in the frontier fortress barracks, showing the patriotic enthusiasm and sincere feelings of the poet and the border guards for their comrades. The title of this poem is "Send Judge Wu to Beijing", but this poem expresses not only the friendship with his friend Judge Wu. He described the generous and warm scene in which the envoys collectively bid farewell to Beijing. "Zhong Jun buys wine", not Cen Can buys wine, but coach Zhong Jun buys wine; The sound of drums and music is not only a farewell party between Judge Cen and Judge Wu, but also a grand banquet held by frontier soldiers for the envoys returning to Beijing. Therefore, if friendship is expressed, it should be said that this poem mainly shows the friendship of frontier fortress soldiers to a comrade-in-arms who shares joys and sorrows with Gansu. From one aspect, it reflects the spirit of unity and high morale of frontier fortress soldiers. Bai Xuege Farewell to the Home of Wu, Secretary of Tian, lost the homesickness of the poet when he first arrived at the frontier fortress. It unites homesickness with the spirit of taking pleasure in defending the motherland, so its tone is positive and optimistic. The whole poem takes the change of snow scene in one day as a clue, and describes the process of bidding farewell to envoys in Beijing. It has an open mind and a good structure. * * * is divided into three parts. The first eight sentences are the first part, describing the wonderful snow scene you saw when you got up in the morning and the sudden cold you felt. Friends are about to embark on the road back to Beijing, and poets and soldiers are naturally particularly concerned about the weather. Last night, the north wind roared and the weather suddenly turned cold. I got up in the morning and found that it began to snow during the Mid-Autumn Festival. But at the beginning of the accumulation, the snow was not thick, and the hay broken by the wind was not covered with snow. Although snow will bring trouble to the returning guests, in the eyes of these soldiers who have withstood the test of snow and wind, this snow is nothing. All they are filled with is the joy of their friends coming home. As a result, the snow hanging on the branches turned into pear flowers in the poet's eyes, just like the sudden arrival of beautiful spring. The first four sentences mainly write about the beauty of the scenery. Words such as "namely" and "suddenly like" vividly and accurately show the surprised expression when suddenly seeing the snow scene in the morning. After a night, the earth was wrapped in white and completely new. The snow scene at this time is particularly charming. Then write four sentences about the cold after snow. The poet's line of sight gradually shifted from narrative to narrative. The wind has stopped, and the snow is not heavy. The flying snowflakes seem to be fluttering leisurely, entering the bead curtain and wetting the military account. The poet seems to realize that it is no wonder that it was so cold last night in fox skin. The soldiers who got up with armor and bows seemed to shout, "It's so cold!" Poets choose daily activities such as living, sleeping, dressing and bowing to express cold, just as it is appropriate to choose to watch snow in the morning to express strangeness. After reading these, readers seem to feel chilly, as if they were there. Although it was cold, the soldiers had no complaints. And "uncontrollable", no matter how cold the weather is, they have not forgotten to train, and they are still training with bows; "It's hard to be cold" means that they are fully armed and ready to fight at any time, even if the real armor is biting cold. What is written on the surface here is cold, which is actually used to foil the soldiers' inner heat, and more profoundly shows the soldiers' optimistic fighting mood. The four sentences in the middle are the second part, which depicts the grandeur of the snow scene during the day and the grand occasion of the farewell party. "The sand sea deepens the ice depth, the clouds are bleak, and Wan Li condenses". The poet tries to describe the overall image of heaven and earth in the snow with romantic exaggeration, which is vast and majestic. The poet wrote this just to compare the following happy scenes and write people's optimism. The hardship of living environment can better explain the positive significance of military singing and dancing. This is a common technique in artistic creation. The first part uses "cold" to write "hot"; This part uses "sadness" to write "happiness", and the expression is the same. "But we drank to the guest who came home from the camp and played savage flute, guitar and harp for him." In a few words, we expressed a warm and grand farewell. In the commander-in-chief of China's army, a banquet was held, and all kinds of musical instruments were brought with all their money, singing and dancing, and drinking to the fullest. The banquet lasted until dusk. The first part of the inner enthusiasm, generated here, reached the climax of joy. The last six sentences are the third part. They say goodbye to friends at night and set foot on the road home. "Until dusk, when the snow collapses our tent, our frozen red flag can't fly in the wind", and the returning guests walked out of the tent against the snowflakes in the dusk. The bright flag that is usually frozen in the air is very beautiful in the snow. The indomitable image of this flag in the cold wind is a symbol of soldiers. These two sentences, one moving and one static, one white and one red, set each other off and become interesting, with vivid pictures and bright colors. "I watched him cross the gate of the wheel tower and head east into the snow drift on Tianfeng Road." The snow was getting heavier and heavier, and the people who saw him off refused to go back. "Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprint" expressed the soldiers' sincere feelings for their comrades in a very plain and simple language, with vivid, implicit and meaningful words. Although this part describes the deep feelings of saying goodbye to friends, it also shows the heroism of frontier soldiers. The three parts of the full text constitute an organic whole, just like a frontier fortress Songzhuang, reflecting the spiritual outlook of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In art, this poem gives people a wonderful and novel taste. The reason why this artistic effect can be achieved is that the poet has the foundation of long-term frontier life, can accurately grasp the characteristics of frontier scenery and write its wonders; At the same time, because the poet is imaginative, he is good at expressing subjective experience and association in romantic ways, rather than staying in the description of objective things. Secondly, its scenery and lyricism are extremely changeable. Poets are good at using different techniques to write landscapes and express their feelings from different angles. Sometimes it is real writing, and sometimes it is imaginary writing. Sometimes it's luxurious, sometimes it's exquisite. First, write the snow scene in the early morning by metaphor; Then use contrast and exaggeration to write ice and snow; Then use contrast and contrast to write sunset clouds and snow. From trees in the snow, people in the snow, heaven and earth in the snow, to military camps in the snow, red flags in the snow and Tianshan Mountains in the snow. From far and near, from near and far; From outside to inside, from inside to outside; From the ground to the air and from the air to the ground. Three-dimensional reproduction of the beautiful image of nature and the poet's rich feelings. The north wind swept across the earth, breaking hundreds of herbs, and the weather in Alakazam began to snow in August. Suddenly, it was like a spring breeze blowing overnight, as if thousands of trees and pears were in full bloom. Snowflakes scattered in the bead curtain wet the curtain, the fox hair was not warm, and the brocade quilt was too thin. The general's hand was too cold to open the horn bow, and the armor of the two guards was too cold to wear. The desert is frozen and cracked, and the sky in Wan Li is full of clouds. The coach put the wine in the account as a farewell party to return the guests, and the Huqin Pipa Qiangdi played an ensemble. In the evening, the snow kept falling in front of Yuanmen, the red flag was frozen stiff and the wind could not move. Take you back to Beijing outside the east gate of Luntai. Tianshan road was covered with heavy snow when I went there. The winding mountain road has lost sight of you, leaving only a string of horseshoe prints on the snow. This poem expresses the feelings of seeing guests off at the Great Wall and seeing them off in the army, but it is not sad, but full of whimsy, romantic ideals and strong feelings, which makes people feel that the snowstorm on the Great Wall seems to be an object worthy of pondering and appreciating. "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees." It is novel and imaginative to compare the snow in winter with the flowers in spring. Metaphor contains a vast and beautiful imagination, and at the same time, there is a vigorous and boundless spring between the lines. "Goose feathers and heavy snow have fallen to the Yuanmen, but the red flag can't be blown over." The bright red with white snow as the background outside the account is more harmonious with the snow scene. It is a little warm color and warmth on the cool color picture, which also makes the picture more flexible. The whole poem is born with snow, which has both the side of singing about snow and the side of seeing off. Rich in connotation, vivid in artistic conception and strong in artistic appeal. Among them, "if the spring breeze comes, the night comes, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" is a famous sentence praised by people. Cen Can, a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is still called "frontier poems". This poem "Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu Going Home" is a frontier fortress poem as well as a farewell poem, which can be seen from its title. The whole poem is divided into two levels: describing the snow scene in the frontier fortress and expressing friendship. Write the snow scene in the first ten sentences. As soon as I started writing, I pointed out that there was a snowstorm in the frontier fortress: "The wind blows and grass breaks" sounded like a voice in my ears, and "Eight In the snow" was vivid in my mind. Then I wrote that the scenery after the snow changed: overnight, snowflakes covered the whole earth, especially the snowflakes on thousands of trees, as if the spring breeze blew away countless pears overnight. Spring flowers are used to describe winter snow here. The warm colors in the south are colder than those in the north. The association is strange and wonderful, and the metaphor is novel and appropriate, which makes these two sentences become famous sentences in snow-chanting poems of past dynasties. Then naturally turn to write about the bitter and cold life in the military camp: "scattered" and "wet" inherit the past and write about falling snow and cold attack; Later, he used the words "fox fur is not warm", "brocade is thin", "ox horn bow can't be controlled" and "iron clothes are cold and difficult to walk", which not only wrote the hard life of border guards, but also reflected the cold of heavy snow from the side. Finally, from the criss-crossing space scenes, not only the natural scenery of snow and ice and heavy clouds are written, but also the farewell atmosphere is rendered with puns of words such as "sadness" and "sadness", which is very emotional. The last eight sentences say goodbye. First, write a banquet in China chancellorsville, and put a side music to see off the judge who is about to leave for Beijing. Frequent toasts and farewells between seats are only mentioned briefly in the name of instrumental music, leaving it to readers to imagine farewell. The banquet didn't come to an end until dusk, but when we left Yuanmen, we saw heavy snow, and the striking red flag standing in the barracks hung hard and couldn't turn in the strong wind. It is conceivable that the ice on the national flag is so thick and the weather outside the Great Wall is so cold! But friends have to travel in such bad ice and snow. Why not worry? All the way to the east gate of Luntai, Tianshan Road in front has been covered with heavy snow, leaving only a vast expanse of whiteness. Looking at the distant figure of my friend, I gradually disappeared at the corner of the mountain, only seeing the footprints left by a group of people in the snow ... incoherent and memorable, which made people feel depressed. Taking "snow" as a clue, this poem depicts a picture of seeing guests off in the snow outside the Great Wall. The snow scene he wrote not only started from a big place, but also started from a small place, which set off and paved the way for "farewell" and expressed the author's infinite melancholy caused by his friend's return to Beijing.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Starting from the beautiful scenery of ice and snow outside the Great Wall, the whole poem sets off the feeling of parting by describing the special environmental background. It is a poem that eulogizes the snow scene on the border and expresses feelings of parting. The whole poem sings the snow, which evokes the strange cold in Tianshan Mountain. At the beginning, it is interesting to write about the snow scene in the wild and compare the winter scene in the border area with the spring scene in the south. Then write it from the account to the account, and write about the cold weather through people's feelings. Then we moved out of the tent, sketched the magnificent snow scene outside the Great Wall, and arranged the specific environment for farewell. Finally, I wrote and sent out the military gate. It was at dusk with heavy snow. The snow closes the mountain, and the mountain turns away, which means parting. The whole poem uses the word "snow" and describes the snow scene in four different pictures before and after parting. The scenery is diverse, colorful and very touching. "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees." With its fresh and attractive artistic conception, it is absolutely amazing to read.
comment
Reading this poem puts people in a world of ice and snow, but it seems to have a spectacular scene of spring warming and pear blossoms. It uses pear flowers to describe snow and spring warmth to express extreme cold. It reveals the poet's high optimism when writing about the harsh natural environment in northwest China. It can be described as a "snow-singing sentence", which skillfully combines snow-singing with farewell, setting off the feeling of farewell.
Main idea
Cen Can's farewell poems in Tang Dynasty are full of strong subjective feelings, praising the natural scenery and showing the sincere friendship of sending people away in the snow.
Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom.
Writing background
At that time, there were frequent wars in the northwest frontier. With the ambition to contribute to the Great Wall, Cen Can went to the frontier twice and worked in the border guards for six years. Therefore, he has long observed and experienced the life of pommel horse and the ice and snow scenery outside the Great Wall. Cen Can's poems are rich in imagination, novel in artistic conception, magnificent, fantastic in style, gorgeous in words and romantic in character. The poet Lu You once praised, "I thought Taibai was just a person after Zi Mei". Cen Can's "Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu Guijia" depicts the magnificent snow scene beyond the Great Wall with swaying strokes, expressing sincere and profound feelings of farewell, which is touching to read.
Make an appreciative comment
The poem "Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprint" expresses the feelings of seeing off guests at the Great Wall and seeing them off in the army, but it is not sad, but full of whimsy, romantic ideals and strong feelings, which makes people feel that the snowstorm on the Great Wall seems to be an object worth pondering and appreciating. "Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees." It is novel and imaginative to compare the snow in winter with the flowers in spring. Metaphor contains a vast and beautiful imagination, while words reveal boundless spring. "Until dusk, when the snow crushed our tent, our frozen red flag couldn't fly in the wind", the bright red color with white snow as the background was more harmonious with the snow scene. It is a little warm color and warmth on the cool color picture, which also makes the picture more flexible. In August outside the Great Wall, the weather was cold and the red flag froze. This poem vividly depicts a colorful scene against the background of red and white, and the characters are written in anthropomorphic rhetoric, vividly depicting the bad weather and the roar of the cold wind outside the Great Wall. However, in such an environment, the red flag is frozen and will not turn, which highlights the heavy snow and the cold weather. The scarlet letter can reflect the snow scene, but not the cold weather. "Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only his hoofprint": Caption: The poet stood in the snow and watched his friend leave. The figure of friends has disappeared, and the poet is still watching affectionately, staring at the horseshoe prints in the snow. The feeling of farewell is extremely touching. Emotion: conveys the poet's infinite sadness because his friend returned to Beijing. The whole poem is born with snow, which has both the side of singing about snow and the side of seeing off. Rich in connotation, vivid in artistic conception and strong in artistic appeal. Among them, "if the spring breeze comes, the night comes, blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees" is a famous sentence praised by people. The sentence of writing winter scenery in spring is: Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows away the petals of ten thousand pear trees. (2) Exaggerated to write desolate and cold sentences in the northland, people are overwhelmed: the sand sea deepens with unfathomable ice, gloomy clouds and bleak Wan Li. (3) A sentence similar to the artistic conception of "Sailing alone in the sky, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky" includes: Then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprints behind him. Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home is selected from Collection of Notes. Word for word explanation of white grass: a kind of grass name in the western regions, which turns white after drying up in autumn. Hu Tian: refers to the sky around Saibei. Hu is the floorboard of ancient northern nationalities in China, also known as bead curtain. Like the following "Luomu", it is a beautification statement: the leather coat is thin: the silk quilt is thin (because of cold). Angle bow: a hard bow control decorated with animal horns; Open the vast sea; Dry desert; The criss-crossing appearance. Zhong Jun: The commander's camp drinks back: those who come back from dinner refer to the judge's button (chè): pull. Now luntai county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Tianshan Mountain: A mountain that runs through central Xinjiang.