Elegant people want their words to be meaningful, while uninhibited people want their weather to be magnificent. Although the cover is touching because of its quality and expensive words, it is based on Grace. "Xu Shizeng statement is similar to Zhang Wan. Gracefulness and boldness are not enough to summarize the rich and varied styles of Song Ci, but they can show that there are two basic tendencies in Song Ci, either feminine or masculine, which is helpful to understand the artistic style of Song Ci.
Graceful and restrained, it is implicit, graceful and restrained. The lyrics were originally written for concert singing. At first, the purpose of singing was mostly to entertain guests. The occasion of singing opera is nothing more than the royal family in the palace, Qin Lou Chuge. Therefore, the content of the lyrics is nothing more than a "sweet and soft" style. Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu, Liu Yong, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao in the Northern Song Dynasty inherited the rest. Although they have developed in content and are more exquisite in brushwork, they all have their own charm and have their own families, but they have not deviated from the gentle track. Therefore, predecessors often used "graceful beauty", "feminine charm", "take precautions" and "twists and turns" to describe the style of his works. It should be said that it has been brewing for a long time to summarize this kind of ci style with the "graceful school" in the Ming Dynasty.
Graceful ci school is characterized by its emphasis on children's customs. The structure is profound and meticulous, paying attention to the harmony of melody, the language is round and fresh, and there is a gentle beauty. Narrow content.
For a long time, characters tend to be gentle and graceful, so people have formed the concept that grace is authentic. For example, Li Houzhu, Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and other ci writers regard "the authenticity of ci" as "the authenticity of ci" in Comments on Yi Zhou Shan Min Ci, which represents this view. Graceful words once dominated the ci world for a long time, until a large number of poets such as Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying and Zhang Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty were influenced by graceful words in different aspects.
The formation and development of liberal school can be divided into four stages.
Fan Zhongyan wrote "The Pride of Fisherman, the Scenery of Qiu Lai", which sent out the first sound of grandiose words, which can be called the preparation stage.
Su Shi strongly advocated writing Zhuang Ci and wanted to compete with Liu Yong and Cao Yuanchong, so the bold school entered the second stage, that is, the foundation stage. However, the school of bold and unconstrained ci began here after all. Wang Zhuo, a critic of Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty, said that Su Shi's Ci "points out the Heaven all the way, bringing new eyes and ears to the world, making the author know something and inspire." "Modern poets don't know the melody, so they are uninhibited, so they borrow Dongpo and Jiaxuan sages to blame themselves.
After Su Shi, with the spread of He Zhu and the launch of the Jingkang incident, the unrestrained school developed rapidly and achieved great success. This is the third stage, which is the peak stage. During this period, in addition to Xin Qiji, a leading figure in the field of bold and unconstrained ci, a large number of outstanding poets such as Li Gang, Chen, Ye Mengde, Zhang, Lu You, Liu Guo emerged. They encouraged and comforted each other, and formed a broad lineup with the sophistry of patriotic restoration, which ruled the whole ci world.
The fourth stage is the continuation stage, and the representative poets are Liu Kezhuang, Huang Ji, Dai Fugu and Liu Chenweng. They inherited Xin Qiji's ci style, and their ci works are still magnificent. However, due to the decline of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was no hope of recovery, the elegance and vulgarity of ci poetry flourished, and the ci poetry gradually tilted. In addition, bold poets were good at rough and straight ci poetry, bold ci poetry was rough or elegant, and sadness and ashes were gradually enriched, which was the common trend of all bold poets at that time.
Bold words are characterized by a wide range of subjects. It not only describes flowers, moonlight and relationships between men and women. Moreover, I prefer to absorb major themes such as military affairs and state affairs, so that words can reflect life like poems. The so-called "nothing to enter, nothing to enter". It is grand, imposing, informal, Wang Yang is wanton, advocates frankness, and does not take subtle and graceful music as its function. Xin Qiji's evaluation of "generosity" and "arrogance" can be moved to boldness. There are few internal works of the bold school, only Su School and Xin School, and Su Ci is clear and bold, while some bold ci works in the late Southern Song Dynasty are relatively extensive, and the bold ci writers in the Qing Dynasty, such as Ru, are also famous for their boldness. Because the bold poets like to use allusions, pursue diversification and talk too much, although the bold poets are mainly bold, there are also many delicate and graceful works.