1. The so-called "pecking at wood poem" by Liu Song and Yuan Shu is not a antithetical poem. "Tying Birds" volume 92 "Pecking Wood" reads: "Song and Yuan Dynasties wrote a humorous poem:' There are birds in Nanshan, so they peck wood in its name. Hunger pecks at trees and nests at dusk. Nothing is done by others, only what you want. Those who are pure in sex are proud, while those who are turbid are humiliated. ""Presumably this poem is a set of poems at that time. This view is expressed in the article "Ji Yun" in Liu Shiting Hua, Volume III of Song Changbai in Qing Dynasty: "Ji Yun began with Fu Xian's seven classic poems and collected classics; Yuan Shuyong's Woodpecker and Zuo Zhuan have their omens since the Jin and Song Dynasties. " However, the author carefully checked the poem with Zuo Zhuan and found no correlation. It is obviously incorrect to say that this poem is a collection of poems of Zuo Zhuan. If you carefully taste the whole poem, the meaning of each sentence is closely linked, and it is impossible to form a set of sentences.
So, what happened to this poem? Zuo Weiner's Forty Ancient Poems bet: "Names are sisters of thinking. Less eager to learn, good at writing, Emperor Wu received it. In the eighth year, I worshipped the instrument, and later I became your daughter. You're ugly, you don't have a pet, and you can be polite with talent and virtue. Every treasure is a tribute, so there are always rewards. " There is a cloud after the poem title: "The Collection of Arts and Literature" says: "Song and Yuan Shu are in harmony, and the left poem is collected." Tong Guan Ji is the left nine chapters. "
The problem here is more clear: "Pecking Wood Poetry" is Zuo Fen's work and has nothing to do with Zuo Zhuan; This poem is not a set of poems, so-called Yuan Shu's Poems of Zuo, where "set" refers to "set" rather than "set". Song Changbai understood Zuo Shi in Yi Wen Lei Ju as Zuo Zhuan, and called this poem an early work of Ji Yun (another name for Ji Ju Poetry), but it was all out of misunderstanding.
2. Tongguzi's Song of Five Sons in Tang Dynasty is not a poem. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng's Collection of Sentences, Volume 29 of Tangyin Guizhen, said, "It is beginning to get salty. When Zhao Zong was in Zhao Zong, there were people with the same millet who collected "Song of the Five Sons" to ridicule current politics. " According to this statement, Tongguzi's Song of Five Sons is a set of poems. Is that really the case? Let's take a look at the relevant records first. After Shu He Guangyuan's Jian Jie Lu, Volume II, Yi Shi Jian:
At noon, Zhao Zong spread ambiguous words. When Liang Taizu and Qin Wang Mao Zhenyu met unexpectedly, they wanted to meet the coachman. Empress He (from Dongchuan) was deeply loved by her, regardless of the danger, enjoying the cool and easy to do, staying outside the two houses (legend says: 30 miles is one house), practicing seedlings and planting crops, and flying hundreds of miles to Egypt. Youzhou lives in the same valley as Youzhou, wearing a giant hat and straddling a green cow. The piano bag and hip flask are all on the cow. Because he was called the same millet, he went straight to North Korea without his name, wrote two volumes about the rise and fall of the Ten Dynasties, and revealed the source of chaos in all directions. The emperor read his book, reduced his diet for a few days, told the king to ride several times, gave him wine and food, and judged the virtuous and the foolish. Tongguzi only recited the poems of Taikang's loss of government, and said that he praised and confused you. Worried about falling out of favor, Queen He secretly ordered the king of Qin to punish her. I haven't done it yet, but I've already washed it. Hou Liang Taizu raised four towns to threaten Qicheng, so he moved the capital to Dongluo. The discussant thinks that when the king is out of politics, the queen is in famine, and the scholar writes letters, it will be exhausted and the angel will be natural. Tongguzi recited the poem "Song of the Five Sons" and said: "The country is only stable and peaceful, and it is often necessary to control the decline of earthquakes. Why don't you go back for ten days, and the disaster will be made from now on. " He also said, "Wine, the sound of birds and the number of birds are scarce, so the beauty is like a carved wall. Meditate on those who have been kings since ancient times and will not perish because of this. " Then he said, "Only Tao Tang has a side of Hebei, and teenagers don't understand. Now it is a matter of time, and the first thing is to wander around. " He also said: "It is clear that my ancestors were kings, and the code will show my descendants. After the collapse of Taikang, the vice president will be wiped out. " He said, "I hate Wan's family and have no one to rely on, so Yan Hou has never been embarrassed. Five sons lost their country, and a past event is hard to regret. "
According to the records here, Tongguzi recited the song of Wuzi for the purpose of admonishing the emperor, and it did not involve the question of whether to adopt poems. Tongguzi's Song of the Five Sons was obviously influenced by Song of the Five Sons in Shangshu, so did he adopt the method of setting sentences? The third volume of Song of Shangshu contains:
When Taikang lost his country, Kundi five people had to write Song of Five Sons in Luoling. Taikang's corpse is located in one place, which destroyed Juede and made CoCo Lee salty. This is a luxurious trip, but it is a sign of loss, and it will be reversed after ten days. There was a poor Houyi, because the people were patient and stayed away from the river. Chueh-chieh's five brothers all listened to their mother's words and were very worried. Wuzi complained bitterly and described the ring of Dayu as a song. One of them said, "The ancestors of the emperor taught us that people can get close, but they can't get off. The people only care about the country, which is stable and peaceful. If you want to treat the world like a fool, a stupid husband and a stupid woman, one can win and one person loses three times, what's the blame? This is not a photo. If you give it to Lin, how can you be disrespectful as the owner of the six horses? " Secondly, he said, "there is training, but there is a lack of color inside and birds outside." Sweet wine likes music, and Yu Jun carves walls. One is here, not dead or not dead. " Thirdly, he said, "Only Peter Tang Tao has Hebei side. Today, if you lose your way and confuse your discipline, you will perish. " Fourthly, he said, "Obviously, my ancestor was the king of all nations. There are rules and regulations, which will make the descendants of the Jue. Guan Shi and Jun, but Wang Fu has it. This is a kind of destruction and a slap in the face. " The fifth is: "Alas, go home? Give sorrow. What's wanjia's surname? Yu Tao is caring and Yan Hou is coy. Although I regret the virtue of Fu Shenjue? "
This paper carefully analyzes the relationship between the Tonggu Wuzi Song and the original text of Wuzi Song in Shangshu.
The first song "the country is only stable and peaceful" comes from "the people are only stable and peaceful"; "When you are in the lower position, you often have to control the fear of corruption", which comes from "If you want to do it to people in the lower position, you will control six horses if you are in the old rope". There are great changes in both sentences. As for the other two sentences, they are all done by Gu Zi, and have nothing to do with the Wuzi Song of Shangshu. It can be considered that this poem is not a collection of poems.
The second poem, although its meaning can be found in Song of the Five Sons in Shangshu, is quite different from the original, so it cannot be regarded as a poem with the first set of sentences.
The third song "Only Peter Tang Tao has Hebei side" is from "Only Peter Tang Tao has Hebei side". The other words are very different from the original poem, and naturally they are not poems with sets of sentences.
The fourth song "Clearly My Ancestor is the King of All Nations" comes from "Clearly My Ancestor is the King of All Nations"; "Canon will show future generations" comes from "there must be rules in the canon, which will confuse future generations"; "Reverting to the Sect and offering sacrifices to its gate" comes from "going into a trance and offering sacrifices to the Sect"; The other sentence has little to do with the original text. Comparatively speaking, the relationship between this poem and the original text is the closest, close to the poem of parallelism.
The fifth song "revenge of all surnames" comes from "revenge of all surnames, given to the domain"; "The Queen of the Swallow" comes from "The Queen of the Swallow"; "Don't regret what happened before" comes from "Shen Fu feels virtuous, although he regrets it later"; The other sentence has little to do with the original text. The situation of this poem is consistent with that of the fourth poem.
According to the above analysis, it can be seen that Song of Five Sons on Tonggu inherits the basic meaning of the former compared with Song of Five Sons in Shangshu, and even many poems can be found in the original text of the former (especially the latter two), but there is still a certain distance from the minimum requirements of parallel sentences. Even if we follow Fu Xian's practice of creating the Seven Classics, that is to say, there is a certain gap between the poems used and the original text, we should at least ensure that all the poems can find their source. There are many poems in Tongguzi's Wuzi Song that can't be found in Shangshu Wuzi Song. Therefore, Tongguzi's Song of Five Sons is not a set of poems, but at best it is close to a set of poems. In this sense, it is reasonable for Hu Zhenheng to say that it is a poem with a set of sentences, but it is still incorrect.
3. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, which is still popular in Tang Dynasty, is not a antithetical poem. Ritchie (Bai Zi) once quoted Yu Hai (volume1kloc-0/0) Qin Pu of Song Dynasty when investigating his own poems:
Wu, the coordinator of the bibliography, collected Wang Anshi's Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia and Yuan Fengxing, composed six songs, with the melody attached to the piano, which is a volume of Qin Pu. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia consists of four volumes, written by Cai Yan in Han Dynasty. Yan Youfen became this song and entered the piano. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Anshi and Li in the Tang Dynasty each had a set of sentences, which were divided into four schools.
The Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, which was discussed with Wang Anshi and Li, said that "each uses a set of sentences to express its style". Both Wang Anshi and Li's Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia can prove to be a set of poems, so the works should naturally be a set of poems. Unfortunately, this is not the case. According to "Yuefu Poetry" volume 59, the full text of "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is as follows:
The Han Dynasty will decline, perish and fight frequently. I'm sorry for my parents giving birth to me. It's really a big scene. The screen window has nothing to do with the mirror, which means that the bead curtain can cover the body. Once when Lu rode into China, he met the pale yellow of the conference semifinals everywhere. Suddenly, I turned my back on my bad luck. Unfortunately, the beautiful scenery disappeared with the dust. (first beat)
I'm going out of the domain soon, and I'll die if I'm tired of living. Whether it is human or not, the anger of jackals is unbearable. Tianshan Mountain is full of frost and graupel, and the local conditions near Hu State are depressed. In Wan Li, birds don't fly, and cold sand has no north and south. (second beat)
If the prisoner is in prison, there is nowhere to talk about it. Try your best to cut hair, eat meat and drink blood. I would rather die than be a wife. I have long been exhausted by moths, and my body is empty, sad, weak and soft as water. (third beat)
Mountains and rivers are long, who remembers that there are plenty of fragrant grass in the sea? Being frightened and not energetic, I didn't feel that the wind and frost damaged the color. Dreams come and go at night, passing around, hazy. It's been a long Hu-day, but obviously, Han Heyue should know each other. (fourth beat)
Leave the grass at the head to sit, and the wind blows the clothes. Sheep fat hair is not combed, and the fur collar of the lamb is still there. The fox's neck and sleeves are full of fishy smell and lie down all day and night. Tents don't settle when they move, and the sun and the moon are too long to pass. (the fifth beat)
It is strange that spring is not long, and there are no flowers and willows in the middle of the lake. It's upside down, but now I'm watching Beidou in the south. My name and information can't be passed in, and I often keep my mouth shut all day after the year. Hold right and wrong, point fingers, words are not as good as hands. (the sixth beat)
Men and women bring bows and arrows, and Semafan sheep lie on the frost. How can you be free? You don't want to drag out an ignoble existence and beg for death. Qiuci listened sadly, and the broken leaves complained at night. There are no clouds in Wan Li in the evening, and my hometown is worth meeting again. (the seventh beat)
Looking back, private people were proud and petite, and they learned how to tame rare birds. Now I have abandoned my hometown and regretted putting Lin Biao first. The new moon is chilly, and the Milky Way is sparse. I miss my way home day and night. I am like a caged bird. (the eighth beat)
On that day, Su Wu Khan asked, saying it was a message from Hong Bin. Learn the book "Pricking Blood" written by him, which is full of hatred. A young man with a beard can walk fast, but he can shoot arrows with a bow and fly far and near. So the geese turned to be afraid of people, and there was no way to reach them between square inches. (the ninth beat)
Hate * * *, hate Hu and hate Hu Tian. Born Hu Er wanted to give up the donation, and the mother and son fell in love. I love you even though you look different, but I don't feel my husband holding hands. Sooner or later, it's better to raise your hand and not pity each other. (the tenth beat)
Day after day, the moon faces each other and the stars look forward to Sunday. There is no winter and no summer, and the frozen grass withers for a year. There is a new moon in Han Jiazi, and there is a sky in the sky. Hongyan came and went several times, and the heartbroken toad lost the last contact. (the eleventh beat)
A broken bottle falls into a well and sinks forever. There is no turning back in my hometown. Ning Zhiyuan asked the name, and Chinese sounds good. The dream soul went to the countryside several times and turned into deep sorrow after falling asleep. Now the fruit is a dream, and happiness is better than sadness. (the twelfth beat)
Childishness is on the edge, and I can't stay or remember it in the future. It's better to leave Hu Er and return to the old country. Wan Li is bordered by mountains and rivers, but there is no news on the back. Tears spilled over Sun Man, and I was reluctant to part with the north and south all day long. (the thirteenth beat)
Don't be ashamed of being stupid, and kindness is different. The fingers in your hand are long and short, and it's almost the same to cut them off. Returning home, seeing no relatives, sharing life and death. The south wind blows my heart in Wan Li, and my heart also flows through the Liao River with the wind. (beat 14)
Sigh is uncertain. At that time, I was resentful or hateful. I don't know what my worries and grievances are, but there seems to be an uneasiness in my heart. Sadness, joy and unhappiness, the mind is particularly self-questioning. Bak Yan was born, how could he be grateful to Qiu Kan? (the fifteenth beat)
I only felt the sky was gray when I went there, and I didn't know the length of Hu Di until I returned to Japan. Where is the sunset? Autumn geese should go to the south. Pingsha looked around and puzzled himself, and walked far and near with geese. The journey is not over, and there is no grass beside the pedestrians. (beat 16)
I traveled thousands of miles in Hutian, only to see yellow sand and white clouds rising. Horses long for snow and grass roots, while people long for ice and water. Yanshan mustache distinguishes the wind and guards, and the drum is like a Han home base. Working hard for the future is the hometown of the emperor, and you are not allowed to die in the middle of the lake. (the seventeenth beat)
Going back to my hometown to see my relatives, the countryside is half green. Bright candles rekindle ashes, and cold springs wash away mud jade. In the good habit of carrying a towel comb, a silk tree can live and die. In and out of Guanshan for 12 years, he died in Hu Jianqu. (the eighteenth beat)
It is not difficult to find that the tone of every poem is like a pearl, not a poem's face. A closer look at all the 146 poems in the Poem Group proves this point. Although the previous poems were seriously lost because of the preservation of documents, for such a long group of poems, if they are composed of sentences, there will definitely be many poems whose origins can be verified.
4. 1 "written by an unknown poet in the Song Dynasty in Pei Puxian's" A Study of Ji Poems "is actually due to misunderstanding. His Poem Cloud is included in His Study of Poems in Set Sentences:
Hu Sheng ascended the Yellow Pavilion (To the Old Yan Pavilion), and took purple mud in a constant song (To Taichangqing). Swallows fly in the mud, pheasants dance in the fields (and quatrains). Give gifts to the emperor's family ("Flowers for Jingzhao") and wear clothes to worship Chen Zi ("Traditional Japanese Poetry").
Pei later added: "This poem was originally published in" Miscellanies of Firefly Snow ",with only six sentences, and the author is unknown. Zhao called it the beginning of the Collection, so it should be listed before the 200 Collected Poems of Du Fu in Wenwenshan. " When I tried to read this poem, I always felt that the rhyme was too frequent and the meaning was not smooth, so I went to Yu Cheng's "Firefly Snow Miscellanies". The book has an article entitled "The title of the poem is all right", and its text says:
The examiner of the provincial poetry examination put forward the proposition of ancient poetry, and the ending sound was flat, all of which were on the second rhyme. Don't break sentences, look them up in whole sentences. In the provincial examination of the poem Wang Du Japanese Qing, Yan Xu took "the sky is boundless" as the right, and used the sentence of old Du Quan, which is the rarest and has never been seen since ancient times. For another example, Shang Yaosun wrote "Da Fu Into the Bright Light", which coincided with Du Fu's "Zhuang You", which is also rare for Han Wengong's "Dirty" poem, but it is not a poem. If nothing is natural, it will be broken. As long as the four pillars are firmly attached and properly positioned, regardless of the reverse order, you can win the championship with more efforts on the point. I want to use Du Fu's poem Hu Sheng's Yellow Lantern Song (To the Old Man of Starling Yan) to describe Hengqu Zhao Zini (To Taichangqing). "Swallows flying in the mud" is the antithesis of "dancing chickens in solitude" (and "quatrains"), which is based on Xugong's poetic style. I also want to use the words "offering a gift to the emperor's family" ("offering flowers" in Twenty Rhymes of Beijing and Zhao) and "wearing clothes and worshipping" ("Poems on Tai Sui Day") to cover the poetic style of our predecessors, and when there is a mountain.
From the above quotation, we can easily find that Pei Puxian's so-called anonymous collection of Du Fu's poems is just a couplet of three groups of sentences written by Yu Cheng, which is not a poem at all. As for what "Zhao calls it a set", it is even more impossible to talk about it. Moreover, there are 565,438+0 sets of Du Fu's poems in Confucius in the Northern Song Dynasty, which can be tested in class. Then why should we look for Du Zhi Ji in the Southern Song Dynasty?
5. The song 1 recorded in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by Li Junmin and Dou Junrui in "The Stone is the Opening" was also wrongly collected. The 25 poems included in this book are as follows:
The name of Xerox Yanshan will remain in future generations, and future generations will shed dust. Who pity the magpie to fly and sigh Brother Ling Chun? I want to drink a glass of wine. My dream surprised Su Huijin. After years of unkind remarks, I met a man named Mai with a smile.
The original poem still exists and can be found in the second volume of Li Junmin's Collection of Zhuang Classics. In order to explain the problem more clearly, this poem in Zhuang Jing Ji is quoted now. And Dou Junrui:
Xerox Yanshan was later named (Xi 'an), and its descendants shed dust (melted). Who pity the magpie's flying purpose (by), sigh Lingchun's long body (Yu Jun). I am worried about seeing my husband drink too much (baby) and dreaming about Su Huijin's new book (depth). After years of unkind remarks, I met a man named Mai with a smile.
Compared with the records in The Imperial Selection of the History of Jin, not only is there the word "Jugu" in the title, but also the author of the poem is indicated at the back of the poem. Accordingly, the poem is a couplet poem, not a set poem.
6. Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty It is still difficult to determine whether Du Shaoling's Poems on a Spring Tour collected by Zheng Yunduan is a parallel prose, but his Poems on Peach Blossoms in the Summary of Sikuquanshu are not parallel prose. The eighty-first volume of Yuan Poetry contains three poems by Zheng Yunduan, such as Du Shaoling's Poem on a Spring Tour, Chunci and Qiuci Poetry. According to the author's textual research, Poems in Spring and Poems in Autumn are indeed poems, but Du Shaoling's Poems on a Spring Trip is difficult to determine. This poem says:
Where to find a fragrant donkey, dress and buy wine out of the west of the city. There are thousands of trees in Du Xuan, and Huang Si's family is full of flowers.
This poem is entitled "Spring Tour" in the volume of Du Fu's Detailed Notes and Supplementary Notes, but there is no "set sentence" in the volume of Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty. Look at his poems again. Du Xuan Guanli Peach Thousand Trees is from Liu Tang Yuxi, where Yuanhe was summoned from Langzhou in the 11th year and presented to a gentleman who watches flowers in Peking Opera, while Huang Si's maiden's home is full of flowers and streams, which is from Du Fu's seven quatrains on the riverside (the word "stream" is regarded as "new way" in Du Fu's collection). Obviously, it is derived from definite sentences, but the first two sentences are unknown. Is it a fixed sentence after all?
The synopsis of Siku Quanshu Catalogue (volume 174) is that of Su Yunji (volume 1): "In the Peach Blossom Garden, it is said that Yang Xunji's Wu Jizhe was written by Li women in Suzhou. Or between Zheng De and Zheng De, it is not engraved, and occasionally misinformed ... "This poem is found in Volume 79 of Yu Xuan Yuan Shi, entitled" Peach Blossom ",and the whole poem is:
When it rains in Mao Mao in spring and the river is cold, the trees in Momo shed their hedges. After teaching a lot of masters, Cui Hu's poems will never deviate from the topic.
When describing this poem, Volume 26 of Ding Yupei's Wen Zhai Spectrum and Volume 39 of Ding Yulei's Letter all take "Peach Blossom" as the topic, and there is no "set sentence". So is his Su Yunji. Look at the sentences in the poem again, there is no earlier source. Therefore, combined with the above reasons, it can be concluded that it is not a poem with a set of sentences.
The above examples show that there are many mistakes in the existing literature of allusion poems. This mistake must be carefully analyzed and corrected. If this kind of literature is used indiscriminately, the "research results" obtained will inevitably be unconvincing.
Note: (Tang): Collection of Literature and Art, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1985, p. 1604. # # # (Qing Dynasty) Song Changbai: Liu Hua, The Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Volume 42 1, Qilu Bookstore, 1997, p. 355. # # # (Ming Dynasty) Feng Weiner: A Brief History of Ancient Poetry, a photocopy of Wen Yuange's Sikuquanshu 1379, p. 33 1. # # # (Ming) Hu Zhenheng: "Tang Yin's Return to the Truth", photocopied "Four Books" Volume 1482, page 699. # # # (Houshu) He Guangyuan: Lessons learned. Text photocopying "Sikuquanshu" volume 1035, pp. 875-874. # # # (Tang) Kong: The Justice of Shangshu, Peking University Publishing House, 1999, pp. 175 ~ 180. Guo Maoqian (Song Dynasty): Yuefu Poetry, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979, pp. 860-869. # # # Pei Puxian: A Study of Poetic Metrics, Taiwan Province Student Publishing House, 1975, p. 45. # # # (Song Dynasty) Yu Cheng: Miscellaneous Notes on Firefly Snow, Confucian Warning, Zhonghua Book Company, 2000, p. 828. # # # (Qing) Zhang et al.: The Imperial Selection of Poems in the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties and the Imperial Selection of Stones, a photocopy of Si Ku Quan Shu in Wenyuange 1439, p. 4 13. # # # (Jin): "Collection of Zhuang Classics", the text "Sikuquanshu" is photocopied in Volume 1 190, page 552. # # # (Qing Dynasty) Ji Yun et al.: "Summary of the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu", Hebei Education Press, 2000, p. 4602. # # # (Qing) Zhang, et al.: Selected Poems of Song, Jin and Ming Dynasties and Selected Poems of Yuan Dynasty. Copy of 144 1 of Wen Yuange's Sikuquanshu, p. 754.