brief introduction
Synaesthesia is to communicate the feelings of different senses, cause the transfer of feelings through association, and communicate with various sensory organs in literary creation and appreciation. It means that vision, hearing, touch, smell and other functions can communicate, regardless of boundaries. It is a physiological and psychological phenomenon that people have, and it is also inseparable from the cultivation of people's social practice. In synaesthesia, color seems to have temperature, sound seems to have image, and cold and warm seems to have weight. Say "bright" and "loud", as if vision and hearing are interlinked, such as "lively" and "calm", and feeling and hearing are interlinked. In modern psychology or linguistics, these are all "synaesthesia".
Rhetoric function
The application of synaesthesia skills can break through the limitations of language, enrich the aesthetic interest of expression and performance, and enhance the artistic effect of literary talent. For example, appreciating the repetition and changing style of architecture will be associated with the repetition and changing rhythm of music; Smelling acid will associate with sharp objects; Hearing the ethereal and gentle concert, I think of the thin translucent tulle; Another example is Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, in which "the breeze sends fragrance everywhere, as if it were a faint song on a distant high building".
history
One of synaesthesia is "listening to the sound". Ma Rong's "Flute Fu": "The mistress listens to the sound, like running water, like Hong Fei." (Selected Works) This synaesthesia comes from Ji Zha in the twenty-ninth year of Zuo Zhuan, the "xianggong". : "For the song" Ya ",it says" Wide, Hi, Qu, Straight. " Du Zhuyu: "On its sound." Pressure is also called "unyielding" under the justice of Kong Ying Da, who is "unyielding but not straight": "Ji Zha sees this virtue from people or things. Every sentence is written in words and broken in words, but whether it is beautiful or not. ..... If something is bent, it will disappear. If this is unyielding, it means that Wang bends his feelings and will take it respectfully and keep his dignity. " This is listening to elegant music, similar to the shape of a king. Li Yueji: "Like a log, but in the moment, and in the hook, but like a bead." Justice: "Stop as dead wood, and those whose words stop and touch people's hearts stop as dead wood and don't move." . To the people of the moment, say that your voice is elegant and moving, as to the present. Hook on the hook, that is, big bend, big bend in speech, touching people's hearts, such as when it is hooked. Those full of words and sounds are touching, and their shapes are correct, such as pearls. The sound of words touches people's hearts and makes people think that the shape is like this. "It's all about listening to the sound.
"Shape by hearing the sound" is another example of Ji Kang's Fu Qin: "Shape is like a mountain, but also like a wave, full of soup and melancholy." The sound of the piano is sometimes as high as a mountain and sometimes as light as water. Mountains are like listening to sounds, and water is like listening to sounds. Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip: "The big strings sound like rain, and the small strings whisper like a secret;" Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, just like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade; Guan Yingying's ass was slippery when she spoke, and we heard a stream sobbing painfully on the beach. By checking its cold touch, this string seems to be broken, as if it can't pass; And notes, fade away. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. " Here, the sound of rain, whispers, pearls falling on the jade plate, warblers, silent throat springs, broken silver bottles, swords and guns hitting each other, and tears are the same as the sound of pipa, which is a kind of sound. According to the original taste of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: "Play the guqin, listen to the guqin, and then play the guqin, aiming at Mount Tai. Zhong Ziqi said, "Playing the piano well is as high as Mount Tai". Choose between less and aiming at running water. Zhong Ziqi also said,' goodness is like a drum piano, and soup is like running water.' "Say the piano sounds like Mount Tai, similar to listening; To say that the piano sounds like running water is to listen to the sound. When Zhong Ziqi said it looked like Mount Tai, he had the image of Mount Tai in his mind. When we say "soup is like running water", there is running water in both ears and eyes, so with sound, we have the feeling of arousing running water with sound. Therefore, all kinds of images will be aroused in the sudden rain, whistle, pearl falling sound, warbler sound, choking spring sound, silver bottle breaking sound, knife and gun collision sound, tears sound, such as sudden rain, whistle, pearl falling sound, spear collision sound, tears sound and other images, that is, the sound of sound will also arouse the shape of sound, that is, hearing will be connected with vision. Another example is "flower bottom sliding", "spring cold astringency", "sliding" and "cold astringency" are tactile senses, that is, hearing is connected with touch. "We heard a stream sobbing painfully along the sandy shore" and "seclusion" are feelings, and hearing leads to feelings.
This kind of voice can evoke other images. Bi Xing, a Literary Mind Carving Dragons, said: "Wang Bao's Dong Xiao (Fu) said:" Soft, like a fatherly animal. "This voice over the heart; Ma Rong's "Flute (Fu)" says:' The flow is endless, and the words of Fan (Ju) and Cai (Ze) are also true.' This is better than the debater. "Here, compared with paternal animals and noisy flutes, the softness of flutes is also based on sound, but at the same time it evokes the image of paternal animals arguing with debaters.
Han Yu's Listening to Ying Shi Playing the Piano: "I am intimate with my children, and I hate you. Like the wind, who is singing the flag? A soldier likes to fight the king with his sword. Eee logo turned into a floating cloud, you don't have to wander around the endless road. There were hundreds of birds, and suddenly I saw a lonely phoenix. If you can't climb the scale, you will fall sharply. " "Children's words are unbridled" is a kind of voice, and it also arouses children to talk about love. The Warriors Go to the Enemy Field appears in the form of sound. The dancing of floating clouds and catkins not only refers to the abnormal sound of the piano, but also has the form of sound. From bird singing to suddenly seeing a lonely phoenix, it is a combination of similarity and similarity. "Climbing over the limit" to "losing motivation" can be proved by "going up like resistance, going down like falling", which means that muscles are connected with the sense of muscle movement: with the sound going up and down, the body feels "resistance", "falling", "climbing up" and "falling".
Li He's "Li Ping Quotations": "Kunshan jade broken phoenix calls, Furong laughs and laughs at Lan Xiang. Cold light melts in front of the twelve gates, and the twenty-three strings move the purple emperor. " Here, "the cry of the phoenix" is based on sound, but it can also evoke images. Wang Qi's Note: "Jade is fragile; The phoenix calls, which shows the gentleness of its voice. " Also known as: "Let me cry, the sound is bleak." Lan Xiao likes his wonderful voice. "It is the form of sound. Also pay attention to "melting cold light": "saying that its sound energy changes the climate", "moving the purple emperor": "saying that its sound energy moves the gods. "Hearing communicates with touch and feeling.
Synaesthesia also has the function of metaphor. Qu Yu is the transformation from one metaphor to another emotion. Han Yu's Poem on Cherry by Zhang Yuan, the Shangshu of the Ministry of Water Affairs: "The fragrance comes with the green cage, and the silver plate is not only colored." Cherry is red, it is fragrant, but vision and smell communicate. But cherries are not fragrant. This fragrance comes from the fragrance it arouses like safflower. Han Yu's poem "Nanshan" also said, "If you are shocked, it will sound like a pheasant", "If you are back, it will be evil, or if you are lucky", which means that the stone you see in your eyes will make a pheasant sound from pheasant to pheasant, which is a musical metaphor. Some stones are "opposite" or "opposite", which leads to "mutual evil" or "mutual blessing". This is a metaphor, that is, the feeling that vision is connected with "mutual evil" and "mutual blessing". Stones do not speak or help each other, and through synaesthesia, they open the boundary between visual and auditory feelings.
The word in Song Qi's Jade Louchun is "Man Chun, the branch of an almond", and the seven words in Li Yu's My Opinion on Ci are "extremely difficult to understand". Fighting for' noisy', peaches and plums compete for spring, and red apricots compete for spring. " Wang Guowei's Tales on Earth VII: "Man Chun, the branch of an almond". A noisy word, the realm is all out. "It is the writer's feeling to say that the realm is all there, that is, to feel the vitality of spring. Qian Zhongshu pointed out in Synaesthesia: "The word' noisy' is used to describe the silent posture of things, as if there were sounds, indicating that they seem to get auditory feelings visually. "This is synaesthesia. Synaesthesia requires a whole-hearted perception of life or aesthetic objects, so as to capture a complete artistic image.