"Xinglin" is synonymous with traditional Chinese medicine, full of poetic and picturesque meaning, and Chinese people are no stranger to it. But there are not many people who really know the origin of Xinglin and know that the publication is related to Changle in Fuzhou.
The ancestor of Xinglin is Dong Feng. He was a famous doctor in the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era more than 1,800 years ago. He was born in Dongqian (sometimes said Dongcuo) Village in Houguan County, which is now Qingshan Village, Guhuai Town, Changle City, Fujian Province. There is a big mountain behind the village, and there is also the historical site of "Dong Feng's Alchemy Refinery of the Han Dynasty" on the mountain. Later generations named it Dong Feng Mountain in memory of Dong Feng. Lin Hong, one of the "Ten Talents in Fujian" in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Dong Fengshan": "I enjoy happiness and love to travel to famous mountains. Famous mountains are not easy to come by, so why talk about Yingzhou. Dongfeng is high and the fairy is on top. The white crane is gone. If you don't return, you will see the Bohai River below, and the white clouds above. The shadowy wall will shine with the sun, and the macaques will hang on the cold branches. Return of Autumn." This mountain has now been turned into Dongfengshan National Forest Park, and memorial buildings such as Dongfeng Thatched Cottage, Nanya Hall, and Baicao Garden have been built at the foot of the mountain.
Dong Feng, whose courtesy name is Junyi and whose nickname is Bacang, is as famous as Zhang Ji (Zhang Zhongjing) of Nanyang and Hua Tuo of Qiaojun. He is also known as "the three miracle doctors of Jian'an". There are biographies of Hua Tuo in the official "Book of the Later Han" and "Records of the Three Kingdoms". Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and other classic Chinese medicine masterpieces have been handed down to the world. Later generations can borrow his books to study him. But only Dong Feng has no biography of the country's history, and no personal works that are famous in the world. As for his blankness, later generations mainly look for traces of him from the "Biography of Immortals Dong Feng" written by Ge Hong, an alchemist and medical scientist of the Jin Dynasty, and from the limited sporadic records in local chronicles.
The era Dong Feng lived in was a chaotic time where heroes were competing for the throne. Although it is said that "heroes emerge from troubled times", in fact, it is more suffering. Dong Feng chose to be a doctor, adhering to the Confucian philosophy of "becoming a good doctor if not a good minister". According to records, Dong Feng seemed to be good at beauty and health care. Ge Hong's "Biography of Immortals" records that there was a "young man" who was the magistrate of Houguan County at that time. When he first met Dong Feng, Dong Feng was already "more than forty" years old. After "more than fifty years", Dong Feng was now nearly a hundred years old, and the county magistrate had already turned "white" - his hair was white. Dong Feng, however, "looked as before." Ge Hong said that Dong Feng "died after more than three hundred years in the world, and his appearance was like that of a man in his thirties." This kind of statement is like "Peng Zu lived to be 800 years old", and I am afraid it can only be regarded as a "novelist's statement".
According to "The Legend of Immortals", Dong Feng visited Jiaozhou, which is now Guangdong, Guangxi and Vietnam, and later lived at the foot of Mount Lu in Jiangxi. According to the research of contemporary Chen Kun and others, Dong Feng traveled through southern Fujian to Jiaozhou and then to Lushan. Later, he also visited Zhejiang and Nanjing, so his remains are still left in Fengshan, Ngee'an and other places. There is no doubt that Dong Feng's medical skills were extremely superb. "The Biography of Immortals" records several cases of Dong Feng's treatment, such as "Wonderful Hands Huo Xie", which said, "Shi Xie was the governor of Jiaozhou and died of a poisonous disease. He died three times ago." On the same day, he took three pills of the medicine and poured them into his mouth. He shook his head and shook them for a moment. The color gradually returned after a while. If you can sit up, you will be able to speak in the next four days." Shi Xie's disease is a bit like cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage. Traditional Chinese medicine can sometimes cure it by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. I believe this is true. This record was also collected by Pei Song when he later wrote annotations for "The Biography of Scholars Xie of the Three Kingdoms", but the text was slightly different. "The Legend of Immortals" also tells a story about "applying baths to cure malaria", saying that Dong Feng "later returned to Yuzhang, and there was a man at the foot of Mount Lu who was suffering from malaria and was dying. He paid homage to him, kowtowed to him and begged him. He made the patient sit in a room. In the middle, cover it with five layers of cloth to prevent it from moving." The patient only felt that "there was something coming to lick the body, and the pain was unbearable, and he was smacking everywhere." "It took a long time for the object to go away, but the patient went to the pool and bathed in water, and the pain stopped. The skin healed in twenty days, and the body Like condensed fat." This skin-changing technique is quite surprising, but I don’t know the mystery behind it. The former case can be described as reviving the dead, and the latter case can be described as a rejuvenation by a holy hand. Both are the most difficult-to-achieve diagnostic and therapeutic effects in the medical field. According to the "Biography of Immortals", Dong Feng also knew the weather very well, such as the story of "Praying for Rain in the Thatched Cottage": "There was a severe drought later, and the county magistrate Ding Shiyan said: 'I heard that Mr. Dong has a way, he should be able to bring rain.' So he gave wine to him Seeing Feng, Chen said, "Rain is easy to get." Because he looked at the house and said, "Every poor Taoist house can see the sky, how can it be afraid of rain?" When it rains, the house will be erected. Tomorrow, Shi Yan will bring more than a hundred people to transport bamboo and wood, and then gather the soil to make mud. When it rains heavily, it stops. At dusk, it rains heavily, and the people are happy. "Dong Feng in the story has a sense of humor, implying that the county magistrate is very cute in exchange for building his house. Even when he married a wife, Dong Feng was different. The story of "Beheading the Demon and Eliminating the Enchantment" in the same book said: "The county magistrate had a woman who was possessed by evil spirits. Medical treatment failed, so he surrendered to her for treatment. If the woman recovered, she would be cured." When he received his request, he summoned a white deer, several feet long, and went to the sick man's door. He ordered the servants to kill him, and the woman was cured of her illness. She then accepted her as his wife and had no children for a long time. When Fengmei was traveling, his wife could not live alone, so she begged a daughter to support her. "Volume 7 of "Lushan Chronicle" also contains the story of "Beheading the Jiao in Xundong": "The east gate of Xunyang City is connected to the bridge, and there are often Jiaos, causing harm to the people. , Dong Fengzhi, a dragon died in a few days and appeared. "Although these stories have mostly mythical and supernatural elements, they truly reflect the ancients' worship of Dong Feng. They wrapped Dong Feng's story in the veil of myth. Shen's admiration and yearning is completely understandable, just like the stories of famous doctors such as Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo being deified.
But it is the story of "Xinglin" that Dong Feng is most praised and praised by later generations.
Ge Hong's "Biography of Immortals" said that he: "Living in the mountains, he treated people's illnesses without taking money or anything. For those who recovered from serious illnesses, they planted five apricots and one for mild ones. In ten years, more than 100,000 apricots were planted. Then it became a forest. It made hundreds of birds and animals in the mountains play under it, and no grass grew there, just like working in the field. "Dong Feng was not greedy for money, and he only had to plant apricots to treat people. This is really a very poetic state. Just think about "the apricot blossoms are blooming in the spring light of February". There are thousands of apricot trees in the apricot forest, and the ground is full of golden clouds. How noisy? Adults and children are laughing and playing, and birds and animals are playing. It can be said to be a paradise on earth, a paradise on earth! This is the highest state of unity between man and nature. After the apricots matured, Dong Feng set up a barn in the forest and posted a notice: "Those who want to buy apricots do not need to pay tribute, but if you put a container of grain in the barn, you can go and get a container of apricots." Complete. Like today’s unmanned stores. Because there is no supervision, it is inevitable that some people who are greedy for profit will adopt the trick of putting less rice and getting more apricots. Miraculously, a tiger roared out of the apricot forest and chased it. The freeloaders were so frightened that they peeed and ran away. The apricots were thrown all over the ground and they didn't care to pick them up. But when they got home and measured the number of leftover apricots again, they found exactly the same number. The amount of millet is equivalent. As for those who openly steal apricots, "the tiger chases them home and bites them until they die. When their family members know that they stole the apricots, they return the apricots and kowtow to thank them, but they keep them alive." This story of "the tiger guarding the apricot forest" has been deified. The traces are obvious. According to legend, this tiger who knew how to punish evil was also saved by Dong Feng. The tiger had not spit out the bones it had eaten, but the bones were stuck in its throat. It was in extreme pain, so it asked Dong Feng for help. Dong Feng put a bamboo tube on his arm for protection, put his hand into the tiger's mouth, and helped the tiger take out the bone stuck in its throat, and the tiger was saved. This bamboo tube later evolved into a ring bell that was placed on the palm of a wandering doctor. It was called "Tiger Palm" by the medical community. What is valuable is that Dong Feng used the millet exchanged with apricots to "relieve the poor and provide for those who are unable to travel", as many as "more than 20,000 people" every year. Dong Feng did not charge for treatment, but only had to plant apricots and "cargo apricots in the valley" to help the poor. His medical virtues of spreading charity were extremely great! This is Dong Feng’s original Xinglin medical ethics and Xinglin spirit.
After Dong Feng "emerged", people set up an altar in the apricot grove to worship this skilled and kind-hearted doctor, and the word "Xinglin" became a special term for doctors. Since ancient times, doctors have been proud to be among the "people in the apricot forest". Their medical writings have been collected by the "Xinglin Medical Records", their medical skills have been praised by the "Xinglin Sage", their medical ethics have been praised by the "Xinglin Spring Warmth", and their medical ethics have been praised by "Xinglin Health Preservation". worship. Since then, Dong Feng's "Xinglin" story has not only become a good talk among the people and the medical community, but also has become a model for doctors in the past generations to encourage and spur them to work hard to improve medical skills and relieve patients' pain. Xie Jingxian of the Tang Dynasty was famous for his medical skills. He built a thatched cottage in Dong Fengxinglin's hometown to treat diseases for the people. Guo Dong, a famous doctor in the Ming Dynasty, also followed Dong Feng's example and planted more than a thousand apricot trees to form an apricot forest at the foot of the mountain where he lived. Zheng Qinyu, a famous doctor in Suzhou, also set up an apricot garden in the courtyard, and most of the items donated by patients were used to help the poor. Yan Zicheng, a famous doctor in the Yuan Dynasty, cured the calligrapher and painter Zhao Meng when he was critically ill. Zhao Meng specially painted "Apricot Forest Picture" as a gift. Because Dong Feng also made elixirs and used elixirs to treat diseases, Dong Feng was respected as an immortal master by the people. In many places, such as Fuzhou, Taiwan and even Japan, there are many temples worshiping Dong Feng, such as " "Life-saving Hall" and the like, the main god worshiped there is Master Dong Fengxian. As time passed, Dong Feng became a "god" in the good stories passed down by word of mouth, and Xinglin became a holy place.
The virtues of Xinglin founded by Dong Feng have become an ongoing cultural factor of the Chinese nation. In the poems of the ancients, they can be said to be highly talked about, such as Li Bai's "The place where books are stored in Yu's cave, and the apricot fields planted in Kuangshan" ("Send Two Seasons to Jiangdong"), Du Fu's "Xianglu Peak is hidden in the clear lake, and the apricot planting fairy's home is close to white." "Elm" ("Dajue Monk Lanruo's "The Monk Goes to Hunan for the Winter"), Wang Wei's "Dong Feng's apricots grow into a forest, Tao Qian's chrysanthemums are full of flowers" ("Send Zhang Sheren Zuo Jiangzhou and Xue Quan in Ten Rhymes"), Tang Yin's in the Ming Dynasty "People come to plant apricots in vain, as if the paths in Lushan Mountain are deep" ("Pictures of Burning Medicine") and so on. Among them, "planting apricots", "apricot fields", etc. refer to Dong Feng's apricot forest. Many poets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties even directly used Xinglin and Dong Feng as poem titles to express their nostalgia and admiration for Dong Feng and Xinglin. For example, Li Shimian's poem "Xinglin": "Trees are planted on the side of the mountain to surround the forest. I have seen this unique name in several places. The flowers are near the medicine fence in the spring rain, and the moss is floating on the path and the breeze is clear at noon. In front of the rock, tigers are covered with clouds, The birds are not surprised when people come under the tree. There are still fairy roads and apricots, which should only be remembered with nostalgia. "Xinglin" by Luo Rujing: "Dong Xian learned from the immortals and planted apricot trees. The apricot trees became a forest and Dong Xian left. , Jade beads hang in the sky, and the alchemy stove is covered with green moss. The tiger is crouching in the forest, and the call cannot be found. The east wind only sees the apricot blossoms blooming. "There is also Zeng Qi's "Dong Feng Apricot Forest": " Where Dong Xian lived in the past, the clouds lived under Furong Peak. At that time, all the trees were planted, and thousands of trees bloomed every year. The red clouds are steaming everywhere. The flowers on the ground are covered with spring clouds, and the mountains and tigers are harvesting the crops in autumn. But the cold water is too cold to drink. "I also know. I have admired Dong Jun all my life. The medicines are not the same as those in the market. The apricots are used to cultivate the crops. The tigers harvest the valleys under the mountains. The dragons have been cutting down the clouds for a long time. "These poems not only express my admiration for Dong Feng. It not only depicts the unique scenery of the apricot forest wonderland and the poet's transcendent feeling, but also reproduces the beautiful scene of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in the apricot forest and the trustful interaction between people.
The apricot forest is blooming, and the sweet rain brings spring back. Xinglin culture embodies the beautiful sustenance and pursuit rooted in the hearts of the public, is the best expression of medical ethics and medical skills, and is the poetic embodiment of strong national culture.
Today, when we look up at the towering statue of Dong Feng in the apricot forest, we will feel that Dong Feng is like a majestic mountain. The scenery is moving, but it is also like a trickle, moistening things silently. Dong Feng is an immortal soul and the embodiment of the human spirit of love.
(Lin Ruqiu)