Li Shihao
Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
At dusk, officials arrested people at night. The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch.
No matter how angry an official is, why do women cry? After listening to the woman, three men guarded Ye.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead.
There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson. And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.
Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night. If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning.
The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.
translate
At dusk, I stayed in Shihao Village, and at night, officers came to recruit soldiers. The old man fled over the wall, and the old woman went out to deal with it.
The officers shouted so fiercely that the old woman cried so sadly. I heard the old woman come forward and say, "My three sons are going to take part in the battle of Yecheng.
One of the sons sent back a message that the other two sons had just died in battle. Let the living live one day at a time, and the dead will never be resurrected!
Old woman, there is no one else at home, only a little grandson who is nursing. Because of the little grandson, his mother hasn't left yet, but she doesn't even have a good dress in and out.
Although the old woman is old and weak, please allow me to accompany you back to camp for the night. Go to Heyang to apply for a job and prepare breakfast for the troops. "
Late at night, the sound faded away, and I vaguely heard a low and intermittent cry. After dawn, I continued on my way, just to say goodbye to the old man who came home.
Artistic features:
"Stone Trencher" is a true story, the plot is not simple, but the whole poem is not long, only 24 sentences, 120 words. The content of poetry is very rich: from officers arresting people at night to old women following them; Escape from the old man over the wall and sneak back afterwards; From the poet's lodging at dusk to his farewell at dawn, the whole story has a beginning, a development, a climax and an ending. The plot is complete and tense. There are as many as five or six active figures, which contain the author's strong and distinct feelings. It can be said that the Stone Trencher is extremely concise, and it is a rare masterpiece with concise and meaningful words. Lu Shiyong praised: "How long! What a simple statement! " Refers to this feature of poetry. After a little analysis, we will find that the author achieved this artistic effect with the help of virtual reality writing method, which is embodied in the following three aspects:
First, use refined narrative and description to render the momentum of poor officials arresting people.
The first sentence, "Going to Shihao Village at dusk", although the picture only tells the story of the poet living in a small village at dusk, in fact, the author's "going to the village at dusk" instead of taking the road to stay in a hotel has hinted at the ominous atmosphere of war and chaos and the desolation of nearby towns. The word "night" in the sentence "officials arrest people at night" has rich meanings. First, it shows that officials "catch people" from time to time, and the people hide or resist during the day and can't catch them; Second, it shows that officials are vicious in "arresting people" and make a sudden attack at night when the people have fallen asleep. This can not help but remind people that Shihao Village at that time must be noisy, restless and the air was very tense. Pu Qilong, a Qing man, said that these two sentences "have the potential of tigers arresting people", but the author did not describe the momentum of the police arresting people, but instead described the nervous and painful actions of the old people: "The old man climbed over the wall and left, and the old woman went out to watch." As soon as I heard something outside the door, I knew that the officers had come to "arrest people" again. Experience tells them that it is not safe to hide at home, so the old man has to "climb over the wall" to escape immediately. At this time, the knocking at the door and shouting were urgent, so the old woman had to open the door to deal with it. It is not difficult for readers to imagine that the policeman who arrested people must be not one person, but a large group of people. The whole village must not be arrested by an old man, but by many families. The whole Shihao Village must be a mess. In just a few words, the momentum of officials arresting people and the situation in the whole village are rendered so real. Then, the poet summed up this feature in two sentences, namely, "Shouting", "Crying", "Anger" and "Bitterness", which effectively set off the overbearing momentum of business travelers. The first six sentences, although only sketched in bold lines, are full of falsehood, supplemented by falsehood, which vividly renders the aggressive momentum of poor officials arresting people.
Second, in the language description of the old woman crying, secretly write down the situation of the police arresting people.
The old woman's preposition * * * has 13 sentence, which is the backbone of the whole poem. The old woman told the police everything. It stands to reason that police officers are by no means all ears. They should write out the reaction of police officers at that time. But the author said nothing about the words and deeds of the officers. In fact, if you read the old lady's preposition carefully, you can clearly feel that the business officer is talking and moving. These thirteen sentences have changed rhyme many times, which obviously shows many twists and turns, suggesting that officials have repeatedly "shouted" and forced questions. The old woman's cry should be the result of repeated angry calls and forced questions from officials. It is conceivable that when the police officer saw that it was an old woman, he couldn't breathe and shouted, "Where is your man?" Call it out! The old lady told me about the whereabouts of her three sons. But the runner didn't stop, and then he asked sharply, "Who else is at home? The old woman's grandson was scared to cry by the police officer's loud complaint, and the old woman had to answer, "There is no one else in the room except the grandson. "At this time, the police broke in and found the old woman's daughter-in-law. The old woman had to say, "A granddaughter didn't go, and the skirt didn't end. "This not only explains why the daughter-in-law has been hiding in the house, but also pleads with the police that the daughter-in-law should feed her grandson and never be caught. The errand boy who is only interested in arresting people and seeking jobs never listens, so he goes back empty-handed, so he insists on arresting his daughter-in-law. In this case, the old woman had no choice but to come forward: "Although the old woman is weak, please come back at night and be anxious to serve the country. I still have to prepare for the cooking in the morning." It can be seen that "listen to the woman's speech first" is not a static picture of an old woman crying and complaining, but a dynamic picture. The lens of the picture moves alternately between the police officer and the old woman, skillfully blending the image of the police officer into the preposition of the old woman, greatly enriching the connotation of the poem and deepening the theme of the poem.
Third, the narrative of the event contains subjective evaluation and deep feelings.
The poet experienced the whole process from "going to Shihao Village at dusk" to "being alone with the old man", but he never spoke, wrote down his feelings directly or made comments. However, all articles reveal the author's subjective evaluation of things. For example, he is directly responsible for the phrase "arresting an official at night", but the author used the word "arresting a person" instead of "ordering soldiers" and "recruiting soldiers", which is enough to show the author's exposure and criticism. The word "catch" is full of police brutality and social darkness. Adding the word "night" will make police officers "arresting people" more vicious and more horrible. Another example is "why do women cry when officials cry?" There is a sharp contrast between the two, and with two "what" decorations, it goes without saying how hateful the official is and how pitiful the old woman is, because both hatred and pity are included. Another example is the last four sentences: "The night is long, and the voice is absolutely silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise to the future, leaving the old man alone. " A word "long" not only tells the story of his long struggle, but also tells the poet's long-term restless mood. The word "Ru" turns reality into emptiness, which shows that the poet has been deeply touched and can't tell whether he is crying or his own psychological function. Dawn's farewell, the word "independence", shows that the old woman has been taken away, and the author is in a heavy mood: when she lived at home last night, both the old man and the old woman greeted her, but after a night, she could only say goodbye to the old man who escaped. Feelings are all in the narrative, leaving room for readers' imagination.
The poem "Stone Trencher" is very appropriate in terms of the combination of reality and reality. Realism with reality, making up for emptiness with emptiness, and making the whole poem appear concise and rich, which is really a concise narrative masterpiece.