I know they are plum branches and longan.
Flying over the mountains and seas, the leaves and branches of the wind are as fresh as new ones.
As soon as the beauty in the palace broke her face, she was shocked by heaven and man, and her blood spilled for thousands of years.
Yongyuan Litchi came to Jiaozhou, and Tianbao Niangong took it.
So far, I want to eat Fu Lin's meat, and no one has been there.
I hope god has mercy on the child, I won't get sores.
Rain is good for gold, but people are not hungry or cold.
Don't you see: Millet buds flow away from Wuyi, with Ding in front and Cai Xiang cage behind them.
Strive for new pets, each with his own plans, and strive for official tea this year.
What does my king lack? What a shameful mouth!
Luoyang Xiang Jun loyal home, pity also into Yao Huanghua.
-Su Shi
This seven-character ancient poem was written in the second year of Zhezong Shaosheng (1095), and the author is being relegated to Huizhou, Guangdong (now Huiyang, Guangdong). He tasted the sweet fruits of southern litchi and longan for the first time and was greatly appreciated. However, this can't help but remind people of the disasters brought by tributes to the people in the Han and Tang Dynasties. In the poem, the author exposes the disadvantages of paying tribute to famous products all over the country because of the extravagance of the royal family and the flattery of officials. At the same time, it also made a profound satire on Camellia in Song Dynasty.
The first four sentences describe the transfer of litchi branches in Han dynasty, which is urgent and urgent. In order to eat the fresh litchi tribute sent from the south, the royal family did not hesitate to ask officials to change horses every ten miles, set up a station pavilion every five miles, and spread it desperately. Fast horses gallop in the dust, as if sending an urgent military message. Many people were killed or injured because the horse ran too fast. Some fell into the pit, some fell into the valley, and the bodies were scattered and piled together, which brought unexpected disasters to the people. Next, the following four sentences, "Flying over mountains and rivers, storks crossing the sea", describe the scene of transporting litchi branches in the Tang Dynasty. The first two sentences point out that in order to speed up the transportation, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty tried every means to cross the mountains with flying cars and cross the sea lanes with fast boats, so that litchi branches with exposed leaves could be enjoyed by them, just like new ones. The last two sentences describe how many lives Emperor Tang Ming destroyed in order to please Yang Guifei, and it seems that after thousands of years, the blood of those people has not dried up: "The beauty in the palace broke her face, and the dust splashed blood for thousands of years." Spirit flying, deep heart, became the epigram of the whole poem. Du Mu said in the poem Huaqing Palace: "When the world of mortals rode a princess, no one knew it was Lizhi." This is what is exposed, but the language is not as vigorous as Dongpo.
Then, with eight sentences, such as "Yongyuan litchi comes to Jiaozhou", it summarizes the disadvantages of paying tribute to litchi in Han and Tang Dynasties and expresses deep feelings and wishes. The sentence "Yongyuan" sums up the first four sentences. Yongyuan is the title of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Liu Zhao. At that time, the tribute litchi came from Jiaozhou in the south of Guangdong and Guangxi. The sentence "Tianbao" is summed up in four sentences. Tianbao was the title of Emperor Li Longji in the Tang Dynasty, a branch of the tribute litchi in the Tang Dynasty, which was taken from Fuzhou, Sichuan (now Fuxian, Sichuan). The sentence "up to now" shows that until now, people hate Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He flatters and flatters the emperor everywhere, without any resistance to paying tribute to Li Zhi, and people want to eat his flesh. This is naturally understandable. However, for Tang Boyou (a strong figure in Tang Dynasty) in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, few people drink to commemorate him. Tang Boyou, a magistrate of Linwu County, Hunan Province, died a heavy death at the sight of Li Zhi's delivery. On one occasion, he wrote to Emperor Han and suggested that Jiaozhou's ritual tribute be cancelled, so Emperor Han and Emperor Han ordered that no more tribute be allowed. He did good for the people, but he didn't get the respect he deserved. It can be seen that few people can inherit the spirit of Tang Boyou now. In the next four sentences "Wish", the author expressed his sincere wish that God would show mercy to the people and not produce a special and beautiful treasure like litchi, which would bring disaster to the people. As long as the weather is good and the harvest is good, the people are not worried about hunger and cold, which is the first-class luck of the country. The author appreciates the deep affection of the people and expresses his desire to "lament for the people".
The last eight sentences are another paragraph, from lamenting the disadvantages of paying tribute to Li Zhi in Han and Tang Dynasties to the fact that there are also paying tribute to Camellia in contemporary times. Paying tribute to Li Zhi is certainly painful; Offering tea and flowers is also an act of bureaucrats to please the royal family, which will also bring suffering to the people. It should be removed. The author first points out that Fujian tribute tea began in the traitor Song Dynasty, and Cai Xiang, a bachelor of Renzong, also paid tribute to famous tea. They each put forward their own ideas and offered famous teas such as millet buds to compete for new favorites. In this year, the famous products obtained by officials in the name of fighting tea became the official tea to pay tribute to the royal family. This kind of thing that supports the emperor's desire is only to satisfy the emperor's material enjoyment. What's good for the country and the people? Is this what the king lacks? It would be too humble to do so At the end of the sentence: "Luoyang Xiang Jun is loyal to the family, and pity also enters Yao Huanghua." Further unveiling of tribute flowers began with Qian, the prime minister of Luoyang. Qian is the son of Wang Qian Chu, and Qian Chu voluntarily surrendered to the Song Dynasty, which is called "loyalty and filial piety to protect the country". In his later years, Qian served as an envoy (in the Song Dynasty, he was stationed in Xijing (Luoyang was Xijing in the Song Dynasty), plus the titles of Shi Zhong, Zhong Shuling and Tong Pingzhang (Prime Minister). Therefore, Luoyang is called "Xiang Jun". He once paid tribute to Renzong, a precious Yao Huang peony, in Luoyang. Since then, Luoyang has been paying tribute to flowers every year. These two sentences lament that even if Luoyang is an envoy, it is also a family of loyalty and filial piety, but it is a pity to pay tribute to the court. I don't know that this practice harms others and myself, and my regrets are beyond words.
This poem has always been hailed as an epic. Poetry combines description and discussion, criticizes history and exposes reality. It shows that the author is loyal to the country, but he still cares about reality even if he is relegated. He often puts forward his own political views and points out his own gains and losses in his poems, and childlike innocence is often associated with the sufferings of the people. As far as poetry is concerned, it is also written in ups and downs, depressed and frustrated, and won the essence of Lao Du.