Rainy and sunny
Chen Yuyi
The sky is missing, the southwest river is clear, and the clouds are motionless and the small beach is horizontal.
The magpie's coat is still wet as he says on the wall, and the thunderous air outside the building has not calmed down yet.
Take all the coolness for a stable sleep, and search for strange sentences to report the new weather.
Tonight there is no one to win, I will lie down and look at the stars to make my mind clear.
Appreciation: The first couplet "Mountain guest and dragon bell are unable to understand the plowing, sitting in the open pavilion watching the clouds and clear weather", which clarifies the poet's identity, mood and demeanor and behavior at this time. "Mountain guest" is the poet's self-titled name, "guest" points out the situation, "dragon bell" describes the poet's mental state; "not understanding farming" shows that the poet does not understand farming. Here, rather than saying that the author is introducing himself, it is better to say that he is describing that unfortunate era. Living in a foreign land is due to the destruction of the country and the family; mental fatigue is due to the displacement; not doing farming is due to the inability to produce peacefully in this era of war and turmoil. The first couplet expresses the poet's distinct attitude towards this particular era. It is the cause, the "guest"; the couplet is the effect, the "lord". "Sitting in danger" expresses the poet's solemn demeanor and heavy mood. . "Yin Qing" is a pun, which is not only the change of weather, but also the dynamics of the anti-gold situation at that time. This is naturally connected with the previous "not understanding farming", and "watching the rain" and "current situation" are harmonious and seamless.
The chin couplet describes the scene, the scene is magnificent and powerful. In the river valleys and forest ridges, the wind and clouds surged, and the rain came in bursts. The poet not only wrote about the inherent characteristics of summer clouds and rain, but also expressed his vast and deep thoughts at this moment: The turbulent storms and heavy rains in the vast area are also a portrayal of the subversion of the entire country? This is not only a description of the rain scene, but also the current situation. The supreme ruler did not make strong resistance, resulting in the Jin army being overwhelming. The "cloud" and "rain" here are two different meanings cleverly integrated together.
Despite the vast and violent cover of clouds and rain, everything in the rain did not completely succumb, and the current situation was not dark. There was indomitable resistance amidst the dark clouds and heavy rain, and there was also a glimmer of hope in the precarious crisis (this mainly refers to the active anti-gold actions of Xiang Ziyi, the commander-in-chief of Changsha at the time). The neck couplet is not only the actual scene before the eyes, but also the poet's expectation for the situation. The bamboo branches were raised tenaciously, and light appeared on the high mountain corners and where the strong wind blew. The poet's meticulous observation of the changes in rain here shows his high concern for reality.
The last couplet is an allusion. The sentence is an adaptation of Du Fu's poem "There is no room for leaks in the bedside room", and the couplet is also an adaptation of Lao Du's poem "Wash away all the soldiers and commanders without using them". Here, They are all used against their intended purpose. The author thought of another allusion from the rain: When King Wu was conquering Yin, it rained heavily. Jiang Taigong said: "This is God washing our armor and helping me to conquer Zhou!" If the Song Dynasty raised troops to conquer Jin, wouldn't it be the same? Can we use this heavy rain to clean our weapons? If that’s the case, it doesn’t matter if my personal house leaks! Of course, the "rain" here refers to good things that help resist gold. For example, active resistance policies, effective combat measures, concerted efforts from top to bottom, inspiring public opinion atmosphere, etc. are different from the obscure oppressive forces, precarious dangers, etc. mentioned above (this Also a "pun" in a broad sense). This is determined by the ambiguity of the image, and also by the poet's original intention to care about the current situation and hope that the political situation will improve.
The poet grasps the different aspects of "wind", "cloud" and "rain" (especially this "rain"), and cleverly uses puns as a rhetorical figure, which reflects the poet's active poetic thinking and broad-mindedness. It is broad and enriches the connotation of the whole poem.
Of course, the whole poem also uses personification, antithesis and other rhetorical figures, which makes the charm powerful; but the key is the application of pun, which combines the natural phenomena in front of the eyes, the poet's perception of the natural phenomena and the reality. Anxious and profound thoughts are seamlessly integrated into one furnace, broadening the artistic conception of the poem and deepening the connotation of the poem. It is full of vitality and has great aesthetic significance. It is the best among Chen Yuyi's existing poems and the best in the poetry world of the same period. work.
This poem was written in the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123), when he was a doctor of Taixue. The scene of a sunny day after rain expresses the poet's momentary joyful emotion.
Chen Yuyi (1090-1139), named Qufei and named Jianzhai, was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) during the Song Dynasty. Jinshi during the Zhenghe reign of Huizong (Zhao Ji) of Song Dynasty. He is the representative writer of the late Jiangxi Poetry School, the most influential poetic school in the Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he served as Wen Linlang, Doctor of Imperial College, etc. After moving to the south, he served as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and after being tired of official positions, he became involved in political affairs. As an outstanding poet at the turn of the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties, he admired and studied Du Fu in poetry creation. The work focuses on reality and pays attention to the fate of the country and the people's livelihood; it uses fewer dictionaries and clear words and sentences, unlike its predecessors such as Huang Tingjian, who pursued "no word without origin". Although the poem "Guan Yu" also has some allusions, it is easy to understand; due to the clever use of puns and other rhetorical figures, this work has a broad realm and rich meaning.
To interpret and appreciate poetry, especially ancient poetry, one should know people and the world. "Guan Yu" was composed in the summer of 1130. In October of the third year of Jianyan (1129) of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers defeated Lin'an (now Hangzhou) and Yuezhou on the southeastern front, and then pursued the Emperor of the Song Dynasty from the sea. Emperor Gaozong fled from Mingzhou to Wenzhou. On the front line between the two lakes (Hunan and Hubei), the Jin soldiers invaded Changsha, Hunan in the spring of 1130. In February of that year, Changsha's commander-in-chief Xiang Ziyi actively organized the soldiers and civilians to resist tenaciously, and the situation improved slightly. After the poet fell in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), he lived in Shaoyang, Hunan. At this time, he was living on Zhenmu Mountain.
A summer rain falls lightly, and the poet's thoughts are flying with the rain... Although this poem is about a rainy scene, it contains the poet's great concern for the current situation. He is not writing a scene for the sake of describing the scene.
Chen Yuyi wrote many poems about rain, and there are more than 30 poems whose titles indicate that rain is written on the front. Fang Hui's "Ying Kui Lv Sui" Volume 17 "Sunny Rain" selected 135 poems, including 25 poems by Chen Yuyi. It can be seen that he has a special feeling for this subject. A brief list is as follows:
"Yu": "A cool kindness reaches the bones, and many things are contrary to the four walls." "Shiyuan Shuhuai": "A sparse curtain of rain, a light full of flowers." "Rain": "For a while, flowers bring rain, and visitors from thousands of miles away lean on the railing." "Rain": "A small poem hinders learning, but a light rain is good for burning incense." "Rain": "Youth looks like color, and the sound of white stream comes late." "Rain": "Rain": "Pinghu is subject to drizzle, and canoes are sent to the far shore." "Thoughts on Rain": "The sound of coldness rises at dusk, and the guests' thoughts are deep in the rain." "Huai Tian Jing Zhi Laoyin Visited": "In the volume of Hakka's Time Poems , the news of apricot blossoms amidst the sound of rain. "In the rain, the begonias in the wine court are not thanked by the rain": "The swallows can't help but rain all night, and the begonias are still waiting for me to write poems." The boat comes to listen to the clear rain in the mountains. The lonely guest in Dongting is nostalgic for the past. "The sick man came to visit because of illness, and it was more worthy of the gentle rain in the river to wash the new autumn."
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