1. Landscape pastoral poetry: Landscape pastoral poetry belongs to the category of landscape poetry, focusing on praising the landscape pastoral in natural scenery. The main feature of this kind of poems is that \ "all scenery words are sentimental words \", that is, the author's landscape and natural scenery are all integrated into the author's subjective feelings, or the author's thoughts and feelings are expressed by the blending of scenery or scenes. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of landscape pastoral poetry and Xie Lingyun is the originator of landscape poetry in the Southern Dynasties. The school of pastoral poetry was formed in the Tang Dynasty, mainly including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi and Chang Jian. Of course, there are Li Bai, Du Fu and Su Shi. There are also a large number of excellent works describing landscapes.
For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn" "After the rain, the mountains are empty and stand in the autumn night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? By describing the beautiful scenery in the mountains, the simple folk customs in the mountain villages and the hardworking people in the countryside, the poet outlined his ideal social realm, expressed his satisfaction with his current seclusion, and fully embodied Wang Wei's characteristics of "painting in poetry, painting in poetry".
(2) Poems about things: Poems about things are characterized by expressing ambition by supporting things. The "things" in this kind of ancient poems are mostly images with specific meanings. For example, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony symbolizes wealth, Huayang means autumn and so on. Different images have different connotations. When appreciating poems about objects, we must pay attention to the feelings the author places when describing things. The emotional expression of some object-chanting poems is implicit, which requires us to appreciate it carefully when reading. For example, Yu Qian's Ode to Lime: \ \ "A thousand hammers cut out a deep mountain, and a fire burns idle. Not afraid of broken bones, leaving innocence in the world. The value of this poem lies in that lime is used everywhere as a metaphor to express one's loyalty to the country, one's willingness not to be afraid of sacrifice and one's determination to stick to noble sentiments. Singing lime is singing a person's open mind and noble and innocent personality.
3. Frontier poems: frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, unrestrained and uninhibited, with representatives such as Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling; However, the frontier poems in the Song Dynasty show more resentment and sadness about serving the country and the hopeless sadness of returning home, with Fan Zhongyan as the representative. The frontier fortress poems are characterized by showing the times from different angles. When appreciating, we should first grasp the characteristics of the times, and then scrutinize the different thoughts and feelings contained in the works. For example, Cen Can's "On Receiving the Envoys from the Capital" said: "The east road of my hometown is long, and the dragon bell with double sleeves cries. I will meet you immediately, without paper and pen, and I will bring your news to report peace. " Reflect the heart song of thinking of relatives while guarding the border. Although things are small, feelings are deep.
(4) Reminiscent poems: If writing scenery poems is lyrical through scenery, then the characteristic of reminiscence poems is instant lyricism. Narrative expression, through the description of specific events to express feelings, express personal feelings of farewell, nostalgia, sadness, sense of time and so on. Such as "Farewell to Du Fu in Shu" and "Wang Chun" by Du Fu. The author often feels something because of one thing, and writes a poem to express his feelings. To appreciate this kind of poetry, we must first understand what the author wrote, and then appreciate what feelings the author expressed. Li Shangyin's Notes to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night "When you ask about the return date, it rains in the autumn pool at night. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night. The first two sentences of The Poem describe the immediate environment in the form of questions and answers-this is "that is", expounding the loneliness and deep nostalgia for his wife-this is to express his feelings, and the last two sentences imagine the joy of meeting again tomorrow and having a heart-to-heart talk, which is a further expression of his feelings.
⑤ Poetry chanting: The poet's chanting of a historical event or historical figure is generally integrated into the poet's unique feeling, that is, chanting for history, reciting people with history, governing history with history, and narrating the present with history. Poems are mostly written in concise words and carefully selected images, which blend feelings about nature, society and history, or lament the rise and fall of dynasties, or lament the rapid changes of years, or satirize the decadent and shameless rulers, thus expressing the author's meditation after reading the vicissitudes of life, which contains a deep sense of nostalgia and anxiety that hurts the present. The representatives of the epic are Liu Yuxi and Du Mu. Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia is an epic model. The poet stood on the vast ancient battlefield and rolled forward along the Yangtze River, expressing his deep affection for history and life. Time is running out. Zhou Lang, a hero who is easy to die, elegant and decisive in command, aroused the poet's feelings of self-harm and self-injury.
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