Tao Yuanming's Pastoral Poetry Thesis Outline
Tao Yuanming's poems are simple, honest and interesting, and the language is true, simple, concise, clear, popular and concise, and can explain the profound things in a simple way. When writing a paper, you should pay attention to clarifying the characteristics of Tao Yuanming's poems, then the writing ideas will be clear.
Tao Yuanming’s Idyllic Poetry Essay
Summary of content:
There are many talents in the Chinese poetry world, among which "Mr. Wu Liu" is an outstanding poet. He was born in The Eastern Jin Dynasty was the most famous writer in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He did not have many pastoral poems, but he enjoyed a high status in the history of Chinese poetry. He hated the filthy officialdom and devoted himself to cultivating his fields, determined not to change. In the pastoral life, he appreciated the beauty of the countryside, the simplicity of the folk customs, and also experienced the hardships of life. He also brought the pastoral scenery and working life that the scholar-officials were not ashamed of at that time into the field of poetry, creating a precedent for the creation of pastoral poems in the history of Chinese poetry. His pastoral poetry style is natural and simple, reflecting the innovative beauty of natural simplicity, the lyrical beauty of natural simplicity, the beauty of images full of artistic conception, and the beauty of simple and unpretentious language. It also had a huge impact on later literature. His "natural" style can be said to be "unprecedented and unprecedented" to this day, and almost no one can surpass the peak of his art.
Keywords: innovation, lyricism, image, language
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Chinese poetry text: The world is full of talented people. Among them, "Mr. Wu Liu" is an outstanding poet. He was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was the most famous writer in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was the first Tao Yuanming who founded the Pastoral School of Chinese classical poetry with pastoral scenery and pastoral life as themes.
Tao Yuanming, (365-427), also known as Qian, with the courtesy name Yuanliang, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He was a famous poet in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the founder of the pastoral poetry school. He was also nicknamed "Wu Liu". gentlemen". This was the author's later years, when there were frequent wars. In order to clean himself up, return to the countryside, and live a life of self-reliance, he wrote "The Biography of Mr. Wutuo" under the name "Mr. Wutuo" to express his aspirations and interests. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are not many, but they enjoy a high status in the history of Chinese poetry. He hated the filthy officialdom and devoted himself to cultivating his fields, determined not to change. In the pastoral life, he appreciated the beauty of the countryside, the simplicity of the folk customs, and also experienced the hardships of life. Although he suffered from hardship, he never returned to officialdom. This kind of noble moral character is difficult for ordinary people to achieve, and it also shocks people's hearts. He also brought the pastoral scenery and working life that the scholar-officials were not ashamed of at that time into the field of poetry, creating a precedent for the creation of pastoral poems in the history of Chinese poetry.
When people mention Tao Yuanming, they will talk about his seclusion and his pastoral poetry. His retreat was by no means an elusive phenomenon of "he only lives in this mountain, nowhere to be found in the depths of the clouds." It was a genuine reluctance to be an official and a real commitment to cultivating the countryside. He not only truly participated in labor, but also eulogized the pastoral scenery and labor life, injecting fresh blood into the subject matter of poetry. And his natural and simple style won him the title of "Pastoral Poet" and was known as "the ancestor of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times" (Zhong Rong said). I think the reason why Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry has been praised by many famous writers in the past dynasties, especially since the Tang and Song Dynasties, is because of its natural and simple style.
1. The innovative beauty of nature and simplicity
Tao Yuanming’s poems are distinctively innovative in terms of life themes, language refinement, and expression techniques. His pastoral poems inherited "Fengcao" and "Three Cao", setting a precedent for pastoral poetry. In the third chapter of "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", he wrote, "At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, the grass is full of bean seedlings; in the morning, the bean sprouts are sparse; in the morning, I clean up the wasteland and filth, and return with the moon and the hoe." After Su Shi and his friends read this poem, they wrote in "Book of Yuanming Poems" ” wrote infinitely affectionately: “After reading this poem by Tao Yuanming, I feel relieved. Hey, hey, it’s because of the dew on my clothes that I feel guilty!” The joys and sorrows of labor are revealed for the first time through Tao Yuanming’s pastoral poems. It was praised in the creations of literati. After the age of forty-four, Tao Yuanming suffered successive misfortunes, gained more experience and gained a more realistic and profound understanding of food, clothing and labor. In the poem "Harvesting Early Rice in the West Field in the Mid-September of the Gengxu Year", it is said that "Life has its own way, and food and clothing are its foundation. No one is camping, but to seek peace of mind." It can be seen that Tao Yuanming is higher than Jin Renhe The great thing about many outstanding writers in the history of literature is that they have pursued a new artistic conception of life through unremitting efforts.
His "Pingchou is far away from each other, and the good seedlings are also new." "The elms and willows are shaded on the back eaves, and the peaches and plums are in front of the hall." The language is popular, simple, concise, affectionate and similar to "Tian Jiayu" "The line drawing techniques have achieved the artistic effect of "One word is natural and eternal, and the luxury is pure and pure" (Yuan Haowen's "Thirty Poems"). Take a few examples, "When the market returns to the market, people are coming and going in the grass", "Each one returns from the farm work, and misses each other in leisure time" and other simple language images innovatively reflect the poet's new understanding and new feelings about labor. Su Shi said "No one who is not an ancient plowing stick cannot understand this saying; someone who is not a farmer in the world cannot recognize the beauty of this saying." ("Ti Yuanming") Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are excellent works that do not bother with rope cutting. Compared with the Jin Dynasty, Those landscape poems of the Song Dynasty strived hard to pursue innovation and wrote things with extreme appearance. They damaged the true natural beauty due to cumbersome words and overlapping sentences, giving people a fresh and natural enjoyment.
2. The lyrical beauty of nature and eternity
The life of poetry is emotion. Tao Yuanming’s pastoral poems portray the tranquility and tranquility of rural life: “The warm and distant village, the Yiyi ruins Smoke inside." The lyrics about his close relationship with Longmu are even more natural and simple: "The sun covers the branches of trees, and the empty room is empty of thoughts." Compared with the hustle and bustle of the officialdom of "similarity, destroying difference, and evil things," the rural living environment is more It makes the poet deeply feel the purity and leisure of pastoral life. While working in the countryside, he also truly found the same language as the working people in "talking about mulberry and hemp": "I love you when I wear clothes, and I don't get tired of talking and laughing." ("Migration" Part 2) The repeated pains in his official career made him sober. Entering an official career is incompatible with his "nature that loves hills". "After being in a cage for a long time, I can return to nature." Wen Runeng, a man from the Qing Dynasty, said: "Tao's poems are so interesting." ("Review of Tao's Poems") This points out the comfortable and eternal affection in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, which is indeed from the heart. The words truly flow out from between the lines, giving people a rich, rhyme and endless aftertaste of beauty.
When Chen Yizhen of the Yuan Dynasty commented on the style of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, he said: "Tao Yuanming has loyalty in his heart, a leisurely heart, and true feelings and scenes, which are almost as good as those in "Nineteen Poems"." This paragraph of "Poetry Book" The words make it clear that the things written in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems come from his true feelings and are naturally beautiful. In terms of the way of expressing emotions, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are good at integrating self-expression into objective things naturally, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain" in the fifth part of "Drinking". In the natural imitation of typical scenery, things and I are integrated. , expressing the poet's leisure, tranquility and indifferent self-state of mind. The simplicity and natural lyricism of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are related to the content of the poem. The simplicity comes from the poor and humble living conditions, and the purity, nature and eternity are the embodiment of the character of disdain for the corrupt and sinful society and advocating free life.
3. The beauty of images full of artistic conception
The images created by Tao Yuanming’s pastoral poems in the creation process are drawn using point-and-line drawing techniques, mostly based on common things in real life, and Without focusing on characterization, Su Dongpo said: "Yuanming's poems seem to be loose and slow at first glance, but they are strange and interesting when they are familiar with them." ("Leng Zhai Night Talk") The so-called "strange and interesting" includes the true feelings revealed in the poems, and also includes the poet. The ancients once pointed out the characteristics of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems that "the encounter with the situation becomes interesting, and the interest and the situation are forgotten". (Xu Xueyi's "Poetry Origin Debate")
The image created by Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems is also full of ideal color. The poet put forward the social ideal of the "Peach Blossom Spring" in "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring", where everyone participates in labor and "farms according to orders, and rests when the day comes". The fruits of labor belong to oneself, and there is no feudal exploitation. "Spring silkworms harvest filaments, and autumn ripens are taxed by the king." When shaping the image, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems can use scenery, "relying on the distant village"; things, "planting beans at the foot of the south mountain"; reason, "I have forgotten my words when I want to argue", and skillfully integrate them to create a harmonious blend of scenery, emotion and reason. A profound artistic realm. The poet connected his appreciation of natural scenery with his understanding of the true meaning of life, so that the scenery, emotion and reason of the poem reached a highly perfect unity. Just as Su Shi said, "Quality is solid and beautiful, and fat is solid and plump." This unique style of shaping images constitutes the image beauty of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry.
4. The beauty of simple and unpretentious language
Although the language of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems is very close to the ordinary "Tianjia language", it has been highly artistically refined, and in this concise and expressive language They all contain rich emotions and typical images. "The forest in front of Ai Aitang stores the clear shade in mid-summer." The word "storage" is used here, and the image is vivid, fresh and expressive. The quiet forest shade in mid-summer seems to be a clear spring that can be stored and drawn. "The wind comes from the south, and the new seedlings are winged." The ordinary word "wing" also allows us to clearly and vividly see the scene of the warm south wind caressing the thriving seedlings, which is full of business. "Spring and Autumn have many beautiful days. I climb high and compose new poems. We greet each other when we pass the door and drink wine." The four lines of the poem are unremarkable, but they create a harmonious and cheerful sound and atmosphere of a vivid pastoral life. Mei Yaochen, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "There is no ancient or modern way to write poetry, but it is difficult to create plainness." It is indeed commendable that Tao Yuanming's pastoral poetry language can be so plain and simple yet profound in meaning. Some of his poems such as "After being in a cage for a long time, I can return to nature." "Who knows that the thorn leaf is always closed during the day." "The sad wind loves the quiet night, and the forest birds love to bloom in the morning." They seem to be indifferent and not elaborate. If you think about it carefully and savor it carefully, you will see that they are actually "strange sentences" with great originality.
In short, Tao Yuanming's poetic language is a refined "Tian Jiayu", a reproduction of nature, simple, implicit yet extremely beautiful, and a magic contained in popular poetry. Just as Su Shi said in "Books with Su Che": "Yuanming did not write many poems, but the quality of his poems is solid and elegant." Professor Ye Jiaying, a famous poetry critic, also commented: "Tao Yuanming's poems have almost no long and simple poems." The poems and his simple life of working hard and living in seclusion, in addition to their simplicity, contain an extremely complex and rich meaning that can be studied. "Yuan Haowen commented: One word is natural and eternal. Luxurious and pure.
Although Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems did not receive much attention in the Eastern Jin Dynasty when the Qi Mi style of writing was prevalent, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, they were admired and praised by many poets. It has had a profound impact with its endless charm. We can easily find traces of this influence in the poems of poets after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. For example, Xie Lingyun's landscape poems, Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's landscape pastoral poems, and many pastoral poems imitating Tao Yuanming.
Just as Shen Deqian, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Tao's poems are vast, and one of them is deep, simple and lush. According to the ancestors of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Youcheng has his purity, Mengshan people have his leisure, Chu Taizhu has his simplicity, and Wei Zuosi has his Chonghe, Liu Yi, Cao Youjunjie, all learned from Yan and got close to their nature." It can be seen that in the history of Chinese poetry, Tao Yuanming's poetry creation has influenced and influenced a large number of poets. Tao Yuanming deserves to be regarded as a great poet in the history of Chinese literature who pushed the creation of five-character poetry to its peak.
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< p> [References]:1. "History of Ancient Chinese Literature (Volume 1)" edited by Guo Xingliang and Zhou Jianzhong, Higher Education Press, 2000 edition? Beijing
2. Guo Xingliang and Zhou Jianzhong Chief editor of "Selected Works of Ancient Chinese Literature (Volume 1)" Higher Education Press, 2000 edition? Beijing
3. Yuan Xingpei's "History of Chinese Literature" Higher Education Press, 1999 edition·Beijing
4. "Tang Poems and Song Ci" written by Cheng Yuzu, Beijing·Peking University Press, 2003 edition
5. "Collection of Frequent Analysis of Tao Yuanming's Poems" edited by Li Hua, published by Bashu Publishing House, 1998 edition;< /p>