There is no chaos in Xijing, and the tiger is in trouble.
After abandoning China, I devoted myself to Yu Shuai.
My relatives are sad for me, and my friends are chasing me.
I didn't see anything when I went out, and the bones covered the plain.
There was a hungry woman on the road, holding her child in her arms and leaving the grass.
Wen Gu wailed and wept alone.
"I don't know where to die, how can I have both?"
I can't bear to hear that.
Go south to the Baling River and look back at Chang 'an.
You will feel sad when you realize that you are in spring.
Translation:
translate
The sky over Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, is overcast, and Li Jue, Guo Si and others are making trouble here. I reluctantly bid farewell to my homeland in the Central Plains and entrusted my whole body to distant Man Jing. When I bid farewell to my loved ones, tears were in my eyes, and my friends reluctantly climbed up the shaft. Walking out of the gate, I saw piles of bones covering the countryside. A woman sat on the side of the road with a hungry face and gently put the child in the middle of the fine grass. The baby's crying tore the mother's liver and lungs, and the hungry woman couldn't help looking back, but finally she left alone in tears. "I don't know where I died. Who can ask us to save mother and son? " Before she finished, I rode away quickly, and I couldn't bear to listen to this sad language any more. Climb the Baling Highland and continue south. Looking back, I looked at Xijing Chang 'an. I felt sad and sighed when I realized that Xia Quan's poets had missed the saints and monarchs.
To annotate ...
Xijing: refers to Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is called the East Capital. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an by Dong Zhuo. No image: no rules and regulations, no system. ② Jackal Tiger: refers to Dong Zhuobu, Li Jue, Guo Si, etc. Suffering: bring disaster to the people. ③ China: Central Plains. 4 commitment: exposure. Man Jing: It refers to Jingzhou. In ancient times, the Central Plains called southerners "barbarians" and Jingzhou was in the south, so it was called Man Jing. There was no war in Jingzhou at that time, and many people fled there. Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, studied under Wang Chang, the grandfather of Wang Shen, and was a family friend of Wang Shen, so Wang Shen went to him. ⑤ Chasing and climbing: Chasing and pulling means reluctant to part. ⑥ End: Safe. The above two sentences were heard by the author from the woman who abandoned her son. ⑦ Baling: Mausoleum of Liu Heng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, located in the east of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Coast: Gorkon Gaopo. Emperor Wendi was the most famous emperor in the Han Dynasty for 400 years. During this period, the social order was relatively stable and the economy developed rapidly. Therefore, RoyceWong is here to express his feelings against reality. ⑧ Xia Quan: A title in The Book of Songs, Cao Feng, is considered by Confucian classics in Han Dynasty as a poem in which Cao people miss Xianbo. Under the spring, the spring water flows underground. Attending (k ū I loss) Ran: Sad look. The last four sentences of this poem mean that in the face of the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, compared with the current chaotic reality, we are more saddened to realize the poet's yearning for the wise master and his ministers.
Appreciate:
"Seven Sorrow", six ministers in Selected Works wrote a passage to Lv Xiang: "Seven Sorrow means pain and sorrow, righteousness and sorrow, feeling and sorrow, resentment and sorrow, smell and sigh, sigh and sorrow, sour nose and sorrow." This is looking for words that create meaning. Ye Li, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, wrote in Jing Zhai Gu Jin Qu: "People's worldly desires is different, with joy, anger, sorrow, joy, love, evil and desire. Today, there is too much sadness. There is no joy, anger, joy, love, evil and lust, only one sorrow, so it is called seven sorrows. " It is also quite far-fetched. Seven Sorrow is a ode to Yuefu. Yu Guanying, a modern poet, said, "The name' Seven Sorrow' may be related to music. Jin Lexing uses this poem (referring to Cao Zhi's Seven Sorrow) as a fu, which is divided into seven solutions. " (Selected Poems of Three Cao) makes sense and can be used for reference.
"There is no chaos in Xijing, and the tiger is bitter." Xijing refers to Chang 'an. There is Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the east and Chang 'an in the west, so Chang 'an is called Xijing. Jackal Tiger refers to Li Jue, Guo Si and others of Dong Zhuo's department. Chang 'an was not formed because of the insurrection of Li Jue, Guo Si and others. They burned, killed and looted, and the people suffered greatly. These two sentences are about social unrest. It was in this turmoil that the poet left Chang 'an. Here is the reason why he left Chang 'an.
"Abandon China again and commit yourself to it." Here is where the poet went after he left Chang 'an. Fu is worth noting, which shows that the migration of poets is not the first time. In A.D. 190 (the first year of Chuping), Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Han Xian to move to Chang 'an, driving eight million officials into the customs, and the poet was forced to move to Chang 'an. At this time, he had to leave Chang 'an in order to take refuge. The word "complex" not only shows the immediate sadness, but also evokes the tragic past, which contains infinite emotion and sadness. "China", Central Plains. China was built on both sides of the Yellow River in ancient times, so the north was called China. Man Jing refers to Jingzhou. Jingzhou is the seat of the ancient state of Chu, originally called Jing, Zhou called the southerners barbarians, and Chu was in the south, so it was called Jing. These two sentences mean to leave the Central Plains and go to Jingzhou. This is because there was no war in Jingzhou at that time, so many people went there to avoid chaos. RoyceWong took refuge in Jingzhou secretariat Liu Biao, because he was a fellow countryman. Liu Biao had studied in RoyceWong's grandfather Wang Chang, and the two families had family friends.
"My relatives are sad for me and my friends are chasing me." Write down the scene when you left. These two sentences are intertextual, and there are not only "relatives" but also "friends" who are sad; There are not only "friends" but also "relatives". The poet's description of his farewell expression and action is of course to show the poet's deep affection for his relatives and friends, and more importantly, to create a tragic atmosphere, which makes people feel that this is a film "Where Are You Going?"
The poet left Chang 'an and his relatives and friends, and the scene he saw along the way was shocking: "When you go out, you can't see anything, and the bones cover the plain." What I see is a pile of bones, covering the endless plain. This is a profound disaster brought to the people by the chaos of tigers and tigers. The tragic scene caused by this war, Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing" wrote: "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows thousands of miles away. There are hundreds of people left behind, and their thoughts are broken. " It's the same scene, you can refer to it. The above is a bird's eye view, and the following six sentences are typical: "There are hungry women on the road, holding their children and abandoning grass. Wen Gu wailed and wept and didn't return: "You don't know where you died, how can you die on both sides?" These six sentences are also closely related to "going out and not seeing". The poet saw not only the "plain covered with bones", but also the abandonment of children by "hungry women". It is normal for women to love children; It is not normal for a woman to abandon her children. This abnormal phenomenon is due to war. Therefore, the poet profoundly exposed the heavy disaster brought by the war to the people with tragic examples. Bright and vivid, making people cry. Wu Qi said, "When it comes down, the clouds are chaotic. After the mutiny, it is difficult to write its deplorable events, but if you enclose it with the words "nothing to see", you will write the anguish of the city people. As far as women who abandon their children are concerned, everything is light when they are separated, and it is the most difficult to cut off their flesh and blood, and loving mothers are especially important for young children. He knows they are heavy. " Zhang Yugu said: "Ten sentences of" going out "tell the scene of famine on the way, but there are endless stories detailing the abandonment of children by women, while others are irrelevant and the road is impassable, so it goes without saying. Write a poem to illustrate the importance of this move, with a few exquisite strokes. " (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry, Volume 9) all reveal the artistic features of this writing. This kind of writing has an influence on Du Fu, so He Chao said, "The hungry woman is on the road, Du Shizong's ancestor." ("Yimen Reading Secretary" Volume 46)
The tragic scene of the woman abandoning her child made the poet unbearable to listen to and watch. So he "drove the horse away and couldn't bear to listen to this statement." This shows the poet's sadness and grief. The poet moved on. "Go south to Baling Bank and look back at Chang 'an. "Baling, the location of Liu Heng Mausoleum, is located in the east of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty is a wise monarch. Historical books praise him for "enriching the people with virtue and enriching the people at home" (History of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty), and there is a so-called "rule by culture and scenery". When a poet climbs the Baling Highland in the south and looks back at Chang 'an, he will naturally think of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and "the rule of cultural scene". If a wise monarch like Wendi were alive, Chang 'an would not be so chaotic and broken, and the people would not be displaced or exiled. Climbing Baling and overlooking Chang 'an, the poet was filled with emotion.
"When you realize that you are in spring, you will feel sad." Together with the above two sentences, it is the end of the whole article. Xia Quan is the title of The Book of Songs Cao Feng. The preface of Shi Mao says: "Go down to the fountain and think about the way to govern. Cao Ren ... Wang Siming Xianbo also. " "Xia Quanren" refers to Xia Quan, the author of this poem. Facing the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and the turbulent social reality, the poet understood the feelings of Xia Quan's poets for the Ming monarch, and thus issued a heartfelt lament. Zhang Yugu said: "Doomsday' going south' and' looking back' should be the first paragraph. Sadness' and' Xia Quan', wake up the middle section, close the beam, and the whole article vibrates. " (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry, Volume 9) Fang also said: "The sentence of' Going South to Baling Bank' is a kind of ruling thought, which is revived after the following transformation, and it is sad and sad, and it is sad to die." ("Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" Volume 2) The end of this poem points out the artistic effect.
This poem is sad, painful and touching, and it is a masterpiece in Jian 'an poetry. It makes sense that Fang was named "the best in the world".
Translation and Appreciation of Three Seven-Wounded Poems, Part One, and Two Seven-Wounded Poems, Part One
There is no chaos in Xijing, and the tiger is in trouble.
After abandoning China, I devoted myself to Yu Shuai.
My relatives are sad for me, and my friends are chasing me.
I didn't see anything when I went out, and the bones covered the plain.
There was a hungry woman on the road, holding her child in her arms and leaving the grass.
Wen Gu wailed and wept alone.
"I don't know where to die, how can I have both?"
I can't bear to hear that.
Go south to the Baling River and look back at Chang 'an.
You will feel sad when you realize that you are in spring.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Three Poems of Seven Injuries is a set of five-character ancient poems written by RoyceWong, a writer at the end of Han Dynasty and one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an". This poem is the first one. When the poet first came out of Chang 'an, he saw the tragic situation of refugees abandoning their children in the suburbs and lamented the rare prosperity. It truly depicts a tragic picture out of chaos.
Translation/translation
The sky over Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, is overcast, and Li Jue, Guo Si and others are making trouble here.
I reluctantly bid farewell to my homeland in the Central Plains and entrusted my whole body to distant Man Jing.
When I bid farewell to my loved ones, tears were in my eyes, and my friends reluctantly climbed up the shaft.
Walking out of the gate, I saw piles of bones covering the countryside.
A woman sat on the side of the road with a hungry face and gently put the child in the middle of the fine grass.
The baby's crying tore the mother's liver and lungs, and the hungry woman couldn't help looking back, but finally she left alone in tears.
"I don't know where I died myself. Who can save us both? "
Before she finished, I rode away quickly, and I couldn't bear to listen to this sad language any more.
Climb the Baling Highland and continue south. Looking back, I looked at Xijing Chang 'an.
I felt sad and sighed when I realized that Xia Quan's poets had missed the saints and monarchs.
To annotate ...
Xijing: refers to Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is called the East Capital. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an by Dong Zhuo. No image: no rules and regulations, no system.
② Jackal Tiger: refers to Dong Zhuobu, Li Jue, Guo Si, etc. Suffering: bring disaster to the people.
③ China: Central Plains.
4 commitment: exposure. Man Jing: It refers to Jingzhou. In ancient times, people in the Central Plains said that southerners were beautiful and Jingzhou was in the south, so it was called Man Jing. There was no war in Jingzhou at that time, and many people fled there. Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, studied under Wang Chang, the grandfather of Wang Shen, a family friend, and Wang Shen went to him.
⑤ Chasing and climbing: Chasing and pulling means reluctant to part.
⑥ End: Safe. The above two sentences were heard by the author from the woman who abandoned her son.
⑦ Baling: Mausoleum of Liu Heng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, located in the east of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Coast: Gorkon Gaopo. Emperor Wendi was the most famous emperor in the Han Dynasty for 400 years. During this period, the social order was relatively stable and the economy developed rapidly. Therefore, RoyceWong is here to express his feelings against reality.
⑧ Xia Quan: A title in The Book of Songs, Cao Feng, is considered by Confucian classics in Han Dynasty as a poem in which Cao people miss Xianbo. Under the spring, the spring water flows underground.
Attending (k ū I loss) Ran: Sad look. The last four sentences of this poem mean that in the face of the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, compared with the current chaotic reality, we are more saddened to realize the poet's yearning for the wise master and his ministers.
Creation background
This poem was written in the third year of Chuping (AD 192). In June this year, Dong Zhuo led Cui Li and Guo Si to make an insurrection in Chang 'an, burning and looting wantonly. At this time, RoyceWong fled to Jingzhou and took refuge in Liu Biao. This poem was written when RoyceWong left Chang 'an for Jingzhou for the first time. He was sixteen at that time.
Appreciation/appreciation
The six sentences of "two capitals" in this poem describe the reason why the poet left Chang 'an and bid farewell to relatives and friends and insisted on going to Jingzhou. "There was chaos in Xijing, and tigers ate each other." Draw the outline of the scene of Chang' an soldiers' chaos at that time and the situation of having to leave. "Abandon China again and commit yourself to it." Wang can originally lived in Luoyang, Dong Zhuobing moved to Chang 'an in disorder, and later he left Chang 'an in disorder because of the soldiers, so he was called "abandoning his son". The poet moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an, which was extremely cruel and tragic in the past. Two years later, I left Chang 'an in chaos, and the scene was even more tragic. The word "abandon" shows the poet's infinite grief and review. "My relatives are sad for me and my friends are chasing me." Poets leave relatives and friends, they are sad, they chase and pull, they are reluctant to part. There is not much pen and ink, but it vividly depicts the sad parting scene at that time. What is used here is intertextual rhetoric, which refers to both relatives and friends. "Pursuing each other" means "pitying me", which refers to both friends and relatives.
The following eight sentences: After leaving Chang 'an, the poet of "Going Out" witnessed the sufferings of the people. "I can't see it when I go out, and the bones cover the plain." It is a true portrayal of the cruel scene after the Central Plains was looted by war. When I go out, I see bones covering the wild, and my eyes can't bear to see them. This is the evidence that wolves are suffering from tigers. According to historical records, more than 10,000 people were killed in the war. In the next 223 years, there was no trace of them in the whole Guanzhong area. As Cao Cao wrote in Howe Li Xing, "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people left behind, and their thoughts are broken. "
If the "plain covered with bones" is a typical environment, then the next six sentences about a woman abandoning her child are typical events. The author tries to contrast this tragedy. On the one hand, it effectively exposes the tragic reality, and at the same time, it lays the groundwork for the later lyricism, vividly reappearing the pain and despair of the lower class in the war years. And this passage is quite admired and imitated by later generations. This is a typical technology. Wu Qi said: "When a woman abandons her son, everything is light, and it is the most difficult to give up her flesh and blood, especially a loving mother. You write the most important thing and he will know. " This technique of "lifting weights lightly" is very enlightening to later generations, and Du Fu's Homeless and Farewell the Old and Welcome the New are deeply influenced by it. [9]
In the last six sentences, the poet was deeply moved by what he saw. "Get rid of the horse, I can't bear to listen to this." The hungry woman abandoned her children, which made the poet unbearable, even more unbearable. She had to drive the horse away. "Go south to Baling Bank and look back at Chang 'an. "The poet boarded Baling Highland and looked back at Chang 'an. Baling is the mausoleum of Emperor Liu Heng of the Western Han Dynasty, located in the eastern suburb of Chang 'an, which is the only way from Chang 'an to Jingzhou. From the journey, I went to Baling and left Chang 'an far away. Really want to say goodbye to Chang 'an. A feeling of sadness and attachment welled up in my mind. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was the king of rejuvenation in the Western Han Dynasty. When the poet arrived in Baling, it was inevitable that he would miss the "rule of literary scene". However, compared with the tragic situation in front of Chang 'an City, where can there be such a wise monarch as Emperor Wen? " The people who realized the novel Xia Quan were heartbroken. "The poet said with emotion, now I deeply understand the author's yearning for Wang Mingxian. Where can I get a wise monarch to promote peace? Only sorrow, deeply grieved. Feelings are deep, burning, sad and sad.
In his poem, the poet painted a tragic picture of chaos, showing the pain and disaster brought to the people by the war at the end of Han Dynasty.