Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China's history, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, who initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was known as the "father of Songs of the South". Song Yu, Jing Ke and other famous poets in Chu were all influenced by Qu Yuan. [2] The appearance of Qu Yuan's works marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from elegant harmony to romantic originality [3]. The main works are Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Nine Questions. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature. The most famous chapters in The Songs of the South are the national style in Li Sao and The Book of Songs, also called "Sao" [4], which had a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
1953, on the occasion of the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world. [5-9]
2.
Qu Yuan (about 340-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China. Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu (now Yichang, Hubei). Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants. When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. [1] After the capital of Chu was breached by Qin Jun, it sank into the Miluo River and died.
Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet in China's history, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, who initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was known as the "father of Songs of the South". Song Yu, Jing Ke and other famous poets in Chu were all influenced by Qu Yuan. [2] The appearance of Qu Yuan's works marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from elegant harmony to romantic originality [3]. The main works are Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Nine Questions. Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature. The most famous chapters in The Songs of the South are the national style in Li Sao and The Book of Songs, also called "Sao" [4], which had a far-reaching influence on later poetry.
1953, on the occasion of the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world. [5-9]
3.
Meng Haoran (689-740), whose real name is Haoran, was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei). He was a famous pastoral poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Meng Xiangyang" by the world. Because he has never been an official, he is also called Monsanto.
Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and he was determined to use the world in his early years. After experiencing the hardships and pains of his official career, he was able to respect himself, not flatter the vulgar world, and practice seclusion for life. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Traveling to Chang 'an at the age of 40 should be promoted by Jinshi. He once wrote a poem named Gong Qing in imperial academy, and he wrote for it. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Zhang Jiuling became a shogunate general and later lived in seclusion. Meng's poems are mostly five-character short stories, mostly pastoral poems and secluded poems, and most of them are in the mood of serving immortals. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression.
Meng Haoran's poems have unique artistic attainments. Later generations called Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, another landscape poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, "Wang Meng". Meng Haoran's collected works handed down from generation to generation have three volumes. [ 1]
4.
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. [1-2] In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Da Du Li" and Du Fu is often called "Lao Du". [ 1]
As a teenager, Du Fu traveled to wuyue and Zhao Qi successively, during which he also visited Luoyang. After thirty-five, I came first and last in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. The frustration of officialdom witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class in the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tongguan fell, and Du Fu moved to many places. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Climbing to the Top and Looking at Spring, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is benevolent government, and he has the great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu. [3]
In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (770), Du Fu died at the age of 59. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
5.
Han Yu (768-824, 65438+February 25th) was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province), Han nationality, calling himself "County King Changli", known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world. An outstanding writer, thinker, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Han Yu won the top prize, was promoted twice, and was tired of supervising the imperial history. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he was demoted to Yangshan for deliberation. Later, he became a foreign official, historian and China calligrapher. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he became the marching Sima of Pei Du, the prime minister, and participated in the fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was banished to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones. In his later years, the official to the assistant minister of the official department was called the "Korean official department". In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded The Book of Rites by posthumous title, hence the name "Han Wengong". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Changlibo was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple. Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". Later generations, together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, are also called "the four great writers of the ages". In the old Guangdong Tongzhi, it was called one of the "Eight Sages of Ancient Guangdong". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in speech", "doing good deeds" and "having a proper speech", have important guiding significance for future generations. He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.
6.
Liu Yuxi (772~842) was born in Luoyang, Henan. He called himself a "Luoyang native" and [1-2] said that he was a Zhongshan native. His name is Liu Sheng, Zhongshan Wang [3] (a descendant of Xiongnu). Ministers, writers and philosophers in the Tang Dynasty were called "poets".
In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, Zhongjinshi published the book "The Study of Prince Brown", moved to Huainan Records Institute to join the army, and joined the Du You shogunate, which won great trust and esteem. Du You entered the DPRK as the prime minister and moved to the empire. At the end of Zhenyuan, he joined the "two kings and eight horses" political group headed by the prince. After Tang Shunzong acceded to the throne, he implemented the "Yongzhen Innovation". After the failure of innovation, Guanhai experienced ups and downs and was repeatedly relegated. In the second year of Huichang, he moved to be a guest of honor for the Prince and died in Luoyang at the age of 71. He was posthumously given to his retainer and buried in Xingyang. [4]
He was called "Liu Liu" with Liu Zongyuan, "Three Masters" with Wei and Bai Juyi, and "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi, leaving behind his masterpieces such as Humble Room, Zhi Zhu Ci, Yang Liuzhi Ci and Wuyi Lane. Three philosophical works, The Theory of Heaven, discuss the materiality of heaven and analyze the origin of the theory of destiny, which is materialistic. He is the author of Collected Works of Liu Mengde and Collected Works of Liu Binke. [5]
7.
Fan Zhongyan (65438+1 October1,989-65438+June19,0052 [1]), whose word is Greek. Originally from Yizhou, he moved to Wuxian, Suzhou. An outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, and [2] awarded the commander-in-chief of Guangde Army to join the army. Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks. In the first year of Kangding (1040), together with Han Qi * * *, he served as Shaanxi's deputy envoy, appeased the recruitment, and adopted the policy of "long-term wasteland reclamation" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense. For three years (1043), Li Qing participated in the discussion of state affairs and launched the "Qingli New Deal". Soon, the New Deal was frustrated, and Fan Zhongyan invited himself out of Beijing to learn about Taizhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year of Emperor Yangdi (1052), he changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, and died on the way to help the disease at the age of 64. Tired of giving a surname, secretariat and minister of Chu, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as Gong.
Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are outstanding, and his literary achievements are outstanding. He advocated the idea of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and the moral integrity of people with lofty ideals, which had a far-reaching impact on future generations [3]. There are a number of Fan Wenzheng official documents handed down from ancient times.
8.
Gong Zizhen (1August 22, 792-184 1 September 26,) was born in Ding 'an [1]. Han nationality, Zhejiang Renhe (now Hangzhou) people. In his later years, he lived in Yushan Pavilion in Kunshan, also known as Yushan people. Thinker, poet, writer and reformist pioneer in Qing Dynasty.
Gong Zizhen used to be cabinet secretary, director of Zongrenyuan and director of etiquette department. He advocated abolishing graft and resisting foreign aggression, and once fully supported Lin Zexu to ban opium. He resigned at the age of 48 and returned to the south. The following year, he died in Yunyang College, Danyang, Jiangsu. His poems advocated "changing the law" and "changing the painting", exposed the corruption of the Qing rulers, and were full of patriotic enthusiasm. They were praised by Liu Yazi as "the first class in three hundred years". He is the author of Shi Dingji, with more than 300 articles and nearly 800 poems. Today's collection is the complete works of Gong Zizhen. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems ***3 15. Many works of praise and allegory.