In real life, some ordinary things, such as the lives of small people, ordinary events and objects, can of course be regarded as small and simple and amiable if expressed in a realistic way, just like what happens around readers. However, some writers use their imagination to make ordinary things look strange, make little people look unusual and leave a deeper impression on readers. For example, Xin Qiji's "Qinyuanchun?" Ling Shan Qi 'an House:
The mountain faces east, and the mountain faces east. Turbulent waves, jumping beads splashing; Small bridges are horizontal, lacking bows at the beginning of the month. Old leisure, heaven teaches many things, and the principal is a hundred thousand loose. My home is very small, outside the shadow of the dragon and snake, in the wind and rain.
There are many competing meetings. Look at the three refreshing peaks coming. Like Xie Jia's children, dressed well, like family, riding gracefully. I feel that in the meantime, it is magnificent and healthy, such as Taishi Gongpian. Xindi Road, ask when the lake will be misty and rainy.
In the fifth year of Shaoxi in Song Guangzong (1 194), Xin Qiji was impeached, resigned from his post in Fujian, lived in lead mountain in Jiangxi, and moved from Daihu to Piaoquan's new house. This word is used to describe the scenery and feelings around the new house. The seclusion life after retirement should be monotonous, and the mountains, pines, bridges and streams in the hinterland are ordinary and sparse. But under the poet's amazing imagination, he was so lively, energetic and unrestrained, from which he saw the heroic spirit of being unwilling to be lonely and the frank and uneven spirit of being idle. In the poet's eyes, the surrounding green hills became ten thousand horses galloping westward and then turning eastward. The ordinary bridge on the stream, like a crescent moon, is so bold and energetic! As for my deer house, it is also accompanied by the shadow of dragons and snakes and the sound of wind and rain. Seclusion is not peaceful, because emotions fluctuate with state affairs and wars! As for the pine trees around me, they are like long generals, under the management of foreign ministers in my school. Xiatan's imagination is more abundant: the poet imagines Qunfeng as Xie's children in clothes, like graceful riding, and the majestic and elegant style is like Sima Qian's article. Mountain climbing is common in poetry, such as climbing a mountain. Xin Qiji did exactly the opposite, taking the mountain as an example. This strange imagination can only be realized by poets. Imagine the solemn and profound entity of the mountain peak as an abstract article style, which is even more unique and strange. This is how the poet makes the lonely retirement life and distant peaks and streams so strange and full of vitality through imagination!
Xin Qiji's imagination makes ordinary rural life so novel and full of vitality, while Huang Tingjian's "Cattle herding with bamboo stones" makes a painting quite abrupt and novel through imagination:
Wild times are small and eventful, and quiet times are young.
A Tong's three feet, he is still a baby.
Wu Shi liked it so much that he suddenly sent a cow to grind his horns.
The bull has a beautiful horn, but the bull is against me.
In the poem, Su Shi and Li He painted a picture called "Grazing Cattle and Bamboo Stones". On the way, the pastoral scenery is depicted: a shepherd boy is herding cattle, next to a bamboo forest, and there is a stone beside the bamboo forest as an ornament. It should be said that the picture is quiet and emotional, expressing the painter's pastoral interest and love for nature. However, in Huang Tingjian's poems on paintings, it has become abrupt and eventful, full of movement and internal wrestling. A boy is three feet tall. How can you resist the old man? The dependence between the shepherd boy and the old cow has become a relationship of restriction and anti-restriction; The poet's appreciation of painting has also become a kind of anxiety and further anxiety: don't let the cow sharpen its horns on the stone, because? Wu Shi likes it very much? . Don't fight in the bamboo forest, because? Can a cow fight ruin my bamboo? . In fact, the poet's worry is completely unnecessary and can only exist in his imagination, because the picture is still and there can be no fighting scene. This is also the main difference between painting and poetry: painting is not easy to deal with the movements and changes of things; Poetry describes those continuous actions through words and sounds? , that is to say? Painting and calligraphy stereotypes, poetry writing changes? (Lessing, laocoon? The boundary between painting and poetry. Huang Tingjian is a representative writer of Jiangxi School. He is so clever and clever that he even uses the game brushwork. Punch in and out. Let's make a new face. This song "herding cattle with bamboo and stone" is a masterpiece in this respect.
China classical poets use imagination to make ordinary things grotesque, and there are many examples of such poems. For example, Li Bai's "Crying for Xuancheng Jicuo" mentioned earlier, and the ordinary old man who makes wine in Jicuo's poem, dying of old age is also a normal phenomenon in life. But in this poem, Li Bai imagined that Ji Sao was still doing his old job under the grave: should old spring be brewed in Ji Sao's grave? . However, who did you sell the wine to before Li Bai died? It seems that without Li Bai, there would be no drinkers in the world, let alone people who know wine! Through this imagination and exaggeration, the image of a self-expanding and extremely conceited drinker stands out. The same is true of his Jingting Mountain. It is understandable to say that I can never get tired of seeing Jingting Mountain. Li Bai is not the only one in the world who loves mountains and rivers. But what about Jingting Mountain? Tired of it? Li Bai, is it? Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain? This is just Li Bai. Li Bai is constantly being pushed out, attacked, misunderstood and even? Everyone wants to kill people? Only Jingting Mountain treats him? Tired of it? Li Bai's loneliness and loneliness can only be comforted in the embrace of nature. This theme is clearly displayed through imagination. In addition, Rainbow Anshi's poems written in seclusion in Zhongshan, and Cen Can's frontier poems are widely read, which have a lot to do with his rich imagination!
3. Fictionalize a world that does not exist in real life, and this world is what the writer is trying to pursue, or the result that the poet hopes to get.
In real life, due to the limitation of one's own ability or the darkness of society, many of the poet's life ideals cannot be realized, and sometimes he falls into pain and confusion. Imagination can help the poet to realize the unrealized ideal in real life, pursue the world that does not exist in real life, help the poet get rid of the pain and bondage and soar in the ideal sky. Such as Tao Yuanming's poem "Peach Blossom Garden":
Get the world, then avoid it. Huang Qi Shangshan, Iraqis also died. Immersed in the trace, the path is destroyed. I am destined to farm, and I will rest from where I am. Mulberry and bamboo are shaded, millet is prepared for art, spring silkworm is harvested, and autumn silkworm is taxed. There is no traffic on the deserted road, and chickens and dogs bark at each other. Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new. Children and grandchildren sing, and they are happy in vain. Grass glory knows peace, and wood decay knows strength. Although there is no Ji Lizhi, he is four years old. When you are happy, why bother with wisdom? Strange traces hide 500, and once a fairy opens them. Pure and thin are different sources, rotating or hidden. Excuse me, travel alchemist, how to measure the hubbub? I would like to whisper, hold high, and ask me to make an appointment.
Political corruption occurred in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, and powerful families arbitrarily seized farmers' land, and incorporated landless farmers into the trilogy Tenants and Handmaiden. In the first year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (376), the system of land rent collection was abolished and changed to land rent collection according to population. And no matter whether there is land or not, no matter how much land there is, the tax is three kilograms per mouth, and it will be raised to five kilograms in Taiyuan in eight years. Farmers who were overwhelmed by hard labor had to flee to Guangzhou and the south in batches, or gather in the mountains to resist tyranny. As the first pastoral poet in China who lived in the countryside and personally participated in labor, Tao Yuanming deeply realized the sufferings of farmers and tried to find a way out for them. But there is no way to find the real world, only an ideal world, that is, the Peach Blossom Garden. It's isolated here: immersed in traces, the path is ruined? ; People work at sunrise, rest at sunset, hear the sound of chickens and dogs, and die of old age. Small country and few people? Life: I am destined to farm, so I will rest there. ,? There is no traffic on the deserted road, and chickens and dogs bark at each other? . More importantly, there is no land rent here, so we can enjoy it to the fullest, so everyone is happy: spring silkworms collect filaments, and autumn silkworms are taxed? ,? Children and children sing in a vertical line, white and happy. . This imaginary ideal world not only reflects the poet's concern for people's livelihood, but also reflects the politician's pursuit of equality and freedom for thousands of years. Li He's Song of the Golden Copper Immortal Han also expressed his sadness of going to the countryside with the help of imagination. According to Zhu Ziqing's Chronicle of Li He, this poem was written in the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13). Li He resigned from Li Lang due to illness and returned to Luoyang from Chang 'an. Poet? Mixed feelings, pretending to be dumbfounded, and sending its sorrow to the ears of the golden bronze fairy? (Collection of Poems of Wang Qi Li Changji). According to Wei Zhi, although Wei Mingdi intended to send the bronze man to Luoyang, it didn't actually take shape. To express yourself? The sadness that Zongzi is going to the countryside? The poet not only let the unfinished things be completed in imagination, but also tried to imagine the sadness and reluctance of the golden bronze immortal to leave Chang' an's old country. Wei Guan led the car thousands of miles, and the sour wind in Dongguan shot at his eyes. Empty drove John out of the palace door, thinking of your tears like lead water? . In order to highlight the sadness and sadness of the immortals, the poet also imagined the desolate and desolate environment around him to set off and set off: seeing off guests on Xianyang Road in the fading blue, if the sky is sentimental and old. The lonely moon is desolate, and the acropolis is far away. . This poem is one of Li He's representative works, and its great success is mainly due to its peculiar conception, profound touching and vivid images, in addition to its peculiar and appropriate wording, irregular levels and clear organization.
Imagination can not only make up a world that does not exist in real life, but also be sought after by writers, express the poet's political demands, and also reflect the author's thinking and pursuit in trivial matters of life. For example, Liu Yong's "Klang Ganzhou" expresses a wanderer's yearning for his hometown and imagines his wife's yearning for himself in his hometown. Miss a beautiful woman, mend her face, miss a few times, and God knows how to get back to the boat. ; Ouyang Xiu expressed similar feelings and adopted similar techniques in Treading on the Sand. Inch by inch, my heart ached, and my eyes were full of tears. The height of the building is not near the dangerous fence. Spring mountains are everywhere, and pedestrians are even outside? . When Du Fu was leaving, he dreamed of meeting his wife one day. When do you lean on the empty tears railing? ; Li Shangyin dreamed that one day, he could recall this unforgettable night with his wife on a rainy night in a foreign land. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night? It's true.