9. Romanticism is one of the basic creative methods of literature and art. Together with realism, it is the two main ideological trends in literature and art.. As a creative method, romanticism pays attention to the subjective inner world when reflecting the objective reality, expresses the passionate pursuit of the ideal world, and often uses passionate language, magnificent imagination and exaggerated methods to shape the image. Romantic creative tendency has a long history. As early as the oral creation period of human literature and art, some works have romantic factors and characteristics to varying degrees. However, romanticism at this time did not form a trend of thought, nor was it a creative method that people consciously mastered. As a pioneer of romanticism and expressionism, Delacroix is good at using colors and expressing fantasies, such as guiding people freely.
10. Realism, also known as "realism", holds that in human cognition, our understanding and perception of objects are consistent with the actual existence of objects independent of our hearts. Generally defined as rejecting idealism about reality and reality. But realism can have many meanings in liberal arts and humanities (especially painting, literature and philosophy). It can also be used in international relations. In art, it refers to an accurate, detailed and unadorned description of nature or contemporary life. Realism abandons idealized imagination and advocates close observation of the appearance of things. According to this statement, realism in a broad sense contains many artistic thoughts in different civilizations. In visual arts and literature, realism is a movement in the19th century, which originated in France. The concept of realism in Wellek's literary studies traces the history of realism terms in Europe and America.
1 1. Impressionism (1874- 1886): painting with instant impressions without reliable knowledge. painter
It is to grab a distinctive face and paint, so they have to fly a brush to paint colors directly on the canvas. They can only consider the overall effect of the painting and less consider the details. Impressionists painted with extensive brushwork, and their works lacked decoration, which was a kind of sloppy brushwork. Impressionism takes the direct description of the scenery in outdoor sunlight, pursues the thinking of trying to figure out the changes of light and color, and attaches the instantaneous light feeling to the canvas according to the processing in the mind. This kind of thinking about light and color has also reached the extreme of the beauty of color and light perception. The representatives are Monet, Manet, pissarro, Renoir, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Sisley, Degas, Koro, Mo Lisuo, Bachillo and Paul Cézanne.
12. paul signac, one of the founders of the new impressionism, defined the new impressionism in his book "From E. Delacroix to the New Impressionism" (1899). He said: "They started to develop separatism technology from 1886, and separatism mixed light with colors. The purpose of color separation technology is to arrange solid colors on canvas in small pieces by using optical principle, so as to obtain higher brightness than mixing colors on the drawing board. Therefore, new impressionism is also called pointillism. The purpose is: the change of light and color (shadow) in a period of time.
13. Post-impressionism, a western oil painting school developed from impressionism. /kloc-At the end of 0/9 century, many artists inspired by Impressionism began to oppose Impressionism. They are not satisfied with the rigid and one-sided pursuit of light and color, but emphasize that their works should express the artist's self-feeling and subjective feeling, so they began to try to consciously use the factors of color and body expression, and post-impressionism was born. Cezanne (1839 ~ 1906) is an important post-impressionist painter and the father of modern painting.
14. Fauvism painter Fritz defines Fauvism as: "Through the symphonic technique of color, you can achieve the same effect as sunshine. The transfer of enthusiasm (the starting point is to touch nature) establishes the theory of truth in the fiery pursuit.
15. Expressionism, one of the important schools of modern art. Literary schools popular in Germany, France, Austria, Northern Europe and Russia in the early 20th century. 190 1 French painter Julian August Hervey used this word for the first time to indicate that his paintings are different from impressionism. Post-German painters also boldly "innovated" in composition, techniques, lines, colors and many other aspects, and gradually formed factions. Later, it developed into music, movies, architecture, poetry, novels, drama and other fields.
Expressionism is that artists pay attention to expressing their inner feelings through their works, but ignore the description of the shape of objects, so they often show their distortion and abstraction of reality, especially their feelings of fear. Therefore, works with cheerful expressionist themes are rare. From this definition, the works of Matisse Grunewald and greco can also be said to be expressionism, but generally speaking, expressionism is limited to the works of the 20th century.
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17. futurism marinetti, an Italian poet, writer and literary critic, published the article "Founding and Manifesto of Futurism" in le figaro on February 1909, marking the birth of futurism. He emphasized that modern science and technology and industrial transportation have changed people's material life style, and human spiritual life must also be changed accordingly. He believes that the development of science and technology has changed people's concept of time and space, the old culture has lost its value, and the aesthetic concept has also changed greatly ... Futurist marinetti began to write or participate in drafting a series of declarations on poetry, drama, architecture and other arts after the general declaration of 1909. He founded the Dadaism Art Movement in Paris in 1905, which appeared in France, Germany and Switzerland from 19 16 to 1923. Dadaism is an anarchist art movement, which tries to discover the real reality by abolishing traditional cultural and aesthetic forms.
18. Dadaism (anarchist art movement) is led by a group of young artists and anti-war people, who expressed their despair of bourgeois values and World War I through anti-aesthetic works and protests. He started Poetry magazine, and later founded a newspaper with the same name to publish the school's works. Representative figures: guillaume apollinaire-France, Hans Arp-Switzerland, France and Germany.
19. Surrealism is a literary and artistic school that originated in France and originated from Dadaism, which has a far-reaching influence on visual arts. It was popular in European literary and art circles from 1920 to 1930. Its main feature is that the so-called "surreal" and "super-rational" dreams and hallucinations are the source of artistic creation, and it is believed that only this "unconscious" world beyond reality can get rid of all constraints and truly show the true face of objective facts. Surrealism has greatly influenced the traditional view of art. It is also often called the surrealist movement. Or simply surreal. The intuitionism of French subjective idealist philosopher Bergson and the "subconscious" theory of Austrian psychiatrist Freud laid the philosophical and theoretical foundation of surrealism.
20. Abstraction is abstract expressionism.
Abstract expression is also called abstraction, or abstraction. A school of painting after World War II until the early 1960s. Robert Coates, an art critic, first applied abstraction to American art in 1946. The term "abstract expressionism" is used to define bold abstract paintings created by a group of artists. Their works, whether passionate or peaceful, express and arouse people's emotions in an abstract form.
People think that art is abstract, mainly improvisation. Technically, the most important predecessor of abstraction is usually surrealism.