Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and the flock of gulls flew in.
The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine.
If you are willing to invite the old man next door to drink with you, he will drink his cup through the fence! (on)
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The thatched cottage is surrounded by green water in the north and south, and the spring is rippling, only to see seagulls flying in groups every day.
The garden path full of flowers and plants was not cleaned for welcoming guests, but it opened my grass door for the first time for your arrival.
It's too far from the market, there are no good dishes on the plate, and the poor at home only serve old wine and muddy wine.
If you want to drink with the old man next door, I'll call him through the fence.
To annotate ...
Hakka: Hakka refers to Cui Mingfu. Du Fu commented after the title: "I like Cui Mingfu." Mingfu, the title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. Passing by, just browsing.
She: refers to home.
But see: see only. Usually there are few friends, and only seagulls can make blind dates with them.
Flower diameter: a path full of flowers and plants.
Pengmen: A door made of thatch to show the simplicity of the house.
Away from the city: away from the market. And taste: all kinds of delicious food. No taste, modest words and less food.
Bottle: A container for wine. Old fermented grains: next year's old wine. The ancients liked to drink new wine, but Du Fu apologized for his lack of new wine.
Ken: Is it allowed? This is for the guests.
Leftover wine glass: leftover wine.
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This is a sentimental chronicle poem, which shows the poet's simple character and hospitable mood. Author's Note: I like Cui Mingfu shows that the "guest" in the poem title refers to Cui Mingfu. The specific situation is unknown. Du Fu's mother's surname is Cui. Some people think that this guest may be a relative of his mother's surname. "Mingfu" is the honorific title of county magistrate in Tang Dynasty. "Passing" means visiting each other and visiting each other.
The first couplet begins with the outdoor scenery, pointing out the time and place of the guest's visit and the author's mood on the eve of the visit. "I'm in the north, I'm in the south, and spring water is flooding" makes the environment with green water rippling here very beautiful and lovely. This is the thatched cottage by the river in Chengdu. The word "Du" implies that the water of the Chunjiang River overflows, giving people a feeling of vastness. In the works of the ancients, flocks of seagulls are often the companions of hermits by the water. Their arrival "day after day" points out the tranquility of the environment and adds a secluded color to the author's life. "But see" implies that the flock is lovely, but seeing other tourists is too monotonous! In this way, the author is immersed in the scenery, showing his loneliness in the leisurely Jiangcun village. This skillfully paved the way for the joyful mood of the whole poem.
Zhuan Xu turned his brush strokes to the courtyard, which led to "visitors". The author adopts the tone of talking with the guests, which enhances the real sense of life of the guests and the host. The last sentence is that the garden path full of flowers and plants has not been cleaned to welcome guests. The next sentence says that the door that has been closed has only been opened for you for the first time today. Lonely, the guests come, and the host who has always been leisurely and quiet can't help but be overjoyed. These two sentences, set off before and after, have deep feelings. Not only do lobbyists not come often, but the host will not easily delay the guests' intentions. Today, "Mr." is here, which is conducive to seeing the deep friendship between the two people and making the happiness behind them settle down. The meaning of the previous sentence is more detached from the "starting today" of the latter sentence, which complements the previous two sentences.
Ties are actually a way to entertain guests. Because I live in a remote place, far from the market, and the transportation is inconvenient, I can't buy more dishes, and the banquet is not rich. Poor family, no new wine, can only entertain you with thin old wine. The above is a virtual description of the guests, and the following is a real description of the guests. The author abandoned other plots and chose the life scene that can best express the affection between the guest and the host, and deliberately painted it. The host is warm and hospitable, and frequently advises him to drink, but he can't help feeling sorry for the lack of food and wine. We seem to have heard that kind of true and cordial family talk, and there is a harmonious atmosphere between the lines. "Panxi", the dish on the plate. "Nian" originally meant cooked food, and here it generally refers to vegetables. "Taste", one dish is called taste, and more than two kinds are called taste. "Old fermented grains", old brewing next year's turbid wine. "fermented grains", unfiltered wine. The ancients liked to drink new wine, and the poet apologized for the old hospitality.
This is a neat and smooth melody. The first two couplets are about the arrival of guests, the joy of empty footsteps, and the last two couplets are about hospitality, showing the true feelings of the village family. The article begins with "Flock" and ends with "Neighboring Weng". Structurally, the author considers spatial order and time sequence. From the perspective of space, from outside to inside, from big to small; From the time point of view, it describes the whole process of welcoming and entertaining guests. This connection is natural and seamless. But the first two sentences are about the loneliness of daily life, in contrast to the joyful scene of receiving guests. These two sentences also have the meaning of "xing": using the images of "spring water" and "flock of gulls", an interesting living atmosphere is rendered, revealing the joy of the protagonist when the guests arrive.
In Du Fu's poems, such as "visiting guests", "having guests" and "seeking passers-by", they are all about entertaining guests for dinner, but their expressions and meanings are different. In "Binzhi", the author travels far away, writes about eating, and only passes by "a century-old rotten scholar's rough rice"; In "A Guest" and "Looking for Passers-by", it is said that "hoe a rare dish and pick a small grain for affection" and "hang a basket of fruits on the wall and call for cooking fish" to show goodwill and courtesy to the guests, but it is not grand and enthusiastic enough. Only one or two poems are used to explain it, and there is no mention of drinking. Looking back on the description of hospitality in "Guests Arrive", I did not hesitate to spend half a poem to express the scene of hospitality, which unexpectedly highlighted the details of inviting neighbors to entertain me. The writing is so delicate and vivid that it shows sincere friendship. This poem weaves the prospect of the door, the common sayings and feelings around it into an interesting life scene. With its rich flavor of life and human touch, it shows its own characteristics and attracts future readers.
Extended reading: Du Fu's anecdotes and quatrains
Du Fu's family is poor, and food and clothing on weekdays is still a problem. He abandoned his official position and went away to live in a thatched cottage in the middle of Shu. Although he is temporarily stable and has friends to help him, he is still poor. One day, a guest came to visit and wanted to make friends with poetry in Du Fu Caotang. So Du Fu had to entertain guests with good food and wine at home, which made Mrs Du Fu very embarrassed. She was so sleepy that there was no good food to entertain at home. Du Fu saw that there were vegetables, wine, eggs and tofu in the kitchen, so he gave birth to a method.
Mrs. Du later served three dishes and one soup, namely two fried leeks with egg yolk, fried leeks with egg white, steamed bean curd residue and several pieces of white eggshell leek bean curd soup. Although it was shabby, it was meaningful after Du Fu named it. These dishes are called two orioles singing green willows and a line of egrets flying into the sky. My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward, so it has won applause from several guests.
Extended Reading: Du Fu's Young and Excellent Travel in His Life
In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1), 19-year-old Du Fu traveled to Linyi, Shanxi. At the age of twenty, Du Fu roamed wuyue for several years. In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), Du Fu returned to his hometown to participate in the "rural tribute". In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), Du Fu took the Jinshi exam in Luoyang, with the lowest score. Du Fu's father was Sima in Yanzhou at that time, so Du Fu went to visit relatives in Yanzhou and made a second roaming with Su Yuanming in Zhaoqi Plain. About this time, his father was working as a Sima in Yanzhou. He lived a "happy" life in Qi and Zhao for four or five years, and left behind the earliest extant poem: "Climbing the Yanzhou Tower", which was the work of the provincial servant father when he was in Yanzhou; There are also two songs, "Painting the Eagle" and "Fang Bing Cao Huma", which praise the eagle and the steed with the enthusiasm of young people; There is also a poem "Looking at Yue", which is also one of the representative works. The two famous sentences at the end are "Reach the Peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.." , revealing the extraordinary ambition of the poet when he was young.
In April of the third year of Tianbao (744), Du Fu met Li Bai, who was given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in Luoyang, and they met to travel with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu, Henan). I met the poet Gao Shi, and this is my third roaming. After that, Du Fu went to qi zhou (now Jinan).
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), I met Li Bai again in Qilu. In addition to drinking and writing poems, he also discussed alchemy and seeking immortality. * * * visited Fan Yeren, a hermit in northern Yanzhou. The two also exchanged poems. Du Fu said to Li's poem: "Yu Yidong is a guest, and he is like a brother. Drunk in the autumn, hand in hand with the Japanese. " Li said to Du Fu's poem: "My eyes are on Surabaya, and Haiming. The eaves are thousands of miles away, and the cup is in hand! " The two never met again.