Year: Tang Author: School of Literature: Five Laws Category:
I began to recruit priests in the morning and felt sorry for my hometown.
When a chicken crows at the Maodian Moon, people walk on the Banqiao Frost.
Mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and orange flowers are on the wall of the post.
Because they remembered Ling Du's dream, the geese returned home full of food.
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Going to Good Morning is one of the famous works in Tang Dynasty, which was written by the poet when he left Chang 'an. Among them, "the cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the bridge is rejected" has become a famous sentence. The word "Zao" is the center of this poem's description, and all the actions, scenes and emotions in the poem revolve around it, which is the focus of the lens.
The first pair of couplets, "Begging for priests in the morning and visiting my hometown sadly", describes the time and mood of the poet's departure. The poet got up before the bell of the post station rang, which shows that the poet is eager to climb the mountain and hit the road early. The word "homesickness" points out the reason why the poet left early, and shows his restless sleep and inner pain of homesickness.
The second couplet, "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost in Banqiao", tells what the poet saw and heard when he first left the post office. Here, the poet wears a string of noun beads with emotional red lines, which forms a colorful morning picture for us: the rooster holds his head high, crows and pecks a new page of the calendar. At this moment, the waning moon is still hanging above the western sky, and the cold moonlight is accompanied by the footsteps of early pedestrians in the journey. "Mo Daojun left early and there were many early pedestrians." Footprints of pedestrians have been left on the wooden bridge in front of the shop covered with silver frost. After the poet's careful choice of words, a beautiful frost morning picture jumped to the page. There is a famous sentence in Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Tian Jingsha" in the Yuan Dynasty, "Old vines faint crows, small bridges flowing, old roads west wind thin horses". If traced back to the source, it can't be said that it won the interest of Wen's Frost Morning Map. The second couplet describes the crow of a chicken, the shape of the waning moon, the traces of people, the description of silver frost, sound, color, light and temperature, but the outstanding focus is on the word "early", but the poet skillfully visualizes and concretes the word "early".
Sanlian's "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, and branches bloom on the Ming Yi wall" is what I saw when I wrote Morning Travel. Mistletoe leaves wither and bitter orange blossoms bloom, pointing out that the festival of early departure is in early spring. Leave early in the early spring, the ground is frosted in the morning, and mistletoe leaves are all over the road. When you feel the chill in spring, the word "Ming" breaks the cold and darkness of dawn, giving people confidence and strength to welcome the red sun. At the same time, the word "Ming" comes late, which also implies the darkness of the sky when moving forward, thus reflecting the "early" departure. Some people regard the first couplet and this couplet as painting "autumn scenery", obviously because they are in the south and don't know the growth law of first frost, mistletoe and bitter orange in the early spring in the north.
At the end of the couplet, "I miss Ling Du's dream, and the geese return to the pond", and the couplet is written back to the dream I got the night before I left early. This means seeing the touching scene of brilliant flowers and the rising sun, so I remembered last night's dream. In my dream, I saw wild geese exulting and playing, and the beautiful winding pond overflowed. Maybe I'll meet my relatives at home in a few days. ! These two poems are very implicit. Originally refers to the poet's longing to go home and reunite with his relatives. However, the poet avoided straightness and bent, and conveyed the meaning of hoping to reunite with his family as soon as possible with the image of "full pond" In this way, the perfect artistic conception echoed with the first couplet was formed, which further highlighted the reasons for leaving early and showed the poet anxious to return's strong mood.
In addition to being good at creating scenery around the center and writing feelings, the ending is subtle and elegant, and the clever antithesis is its artistic feature that can not be ignored. The two couplets in the middle are not only excellent in sound, color and light, but also have a strong sense of space, which deepens people's image sense of the three-dimensional picture of poetry.
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The reason why this poem is recited by people is that it truly reflects some common feelings of ordinary travelers in feudal society through its distinctive artistic image. Shangshan, also known as Chushan, is located in the southeast of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province. The author left Chang 'an in the last years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and passed through here.
The first sentence shows a typical "leave early" scene, which is very general. When I got up in the morning, the hotel was jingling inside and outside, and the bells of horses and chariots had already rung. Many activities, such as riding and driving, have been suggested. The second sentence is the author talking about himself, but it also applies to ordinary passengers. It's good to be at home for a thousand days, but it's difficult to go out for a while. In feudal society, due to traffic difficulties, poor human feelings and many other reasons, ordinary people often moved to different places and dared not travel far. The poem "Traveling and Thinking of Hometown" can arouse readers' emotions.
Three or four sentences have always been popular. Mei once said to Ouyang Xiu: The best poem should be "a scene that is difficult to write, like the eyes, with endless opinions". Ouyang Xiu asked him to give an example. He quoted these two sentences and Jia Dao's "Birds are strange in the wild, and pedestrians are afraid in the sunset". He also asked: "The road is difficult, but you are worried." Isn't it obvious? " (Poem of June 1) Li Dongyang further analyzed in "Poems on Huailutang": "The thatched cottage crows, and the slab bridge frosts people." People only know that they can express their thoughts and feelings. I don't know that the second sentence doesn't need one or two sentences, but only mentions the word "seeking place", but it is rare to have a sonorous rhyme and full image. If it is difficult to pile up, no matter its literal clarity and harmonious rhyme, I can write about the scenery, how can I! "sonorous rhyme" and "full image" are the necessary conditions for all good poems. Li Dongyang put forward these two points as the subordinate conditions of "not using one or two idle words, only mentioning words", which can explain the artistic characteristics of these two poems. The so-called "function words" refer to various words other than nouns; The so-called "mentioning words" refers to the choice and combination of nouns representing typical scenery. These two poems can be broken down into ten nouns representing ten kinds of scenery: chicken, sound, hair, shop, moon, people, trace, board, bridge and frost. Although the words such as "chicken's voice", "Maodian", "traveled by people" and "Banqiao" in the poem are all combined into the radical phrase of "attribute plus head word", because all attributes are nouns, the specific meaning of nouns is still preserved. For example, can the word "chicken sound" and the combination of "chicken" and "sound" not attract people's attention? Maodian, Travel and Banqiao are similar to this.
In ancient times, for the sake of safety, tourists usually stayed indoors early, and the rooster crowed early to see the sky. Since the poet wrote about going early, the cock crow and the moon are characteristic scenery. Maodian is a characteristic scenery in mountainous areas. In "The Chicken Crows on the Moon in Maodian", travelers in Maodian get up to look at the sky when they hear the chicken crow, pack their bags when they see the moon in the sky, get up and go on the road, and many other things are vividly shown.
Similarly, for early walkers, Banqiao, frost and people on the frost are also characteristic scenery. The author set out on the road before the cock broke dawn and the waning moon set, which was also an "early trip"; However, it is already a "cold slab bridge frost", which is really "Mo Daojun left early and there were many pedestrians early"!
These two poems composed of pure nouns describe the scene of early death, which is really a good sentence with "sufficient images"
The sentence "mistletoe leaves fall on the mountain road, Zhihua famous post wall" is written about the scenery on the road. There are many bitter citrus reticulata and oak trees in Shangxian and Luonan areas. The leaves of oak trees are very big. Although it will dry up in winter, it will still stay on the branches. It was not until the early spring of the following year, when the branches were about to sprout, that they fell off. At this time, the white flowers of bitter citrus reticulata have already bloomed. The word "Ming" was used because the white bitter orange blossom next to the wall was conspicuous before dawn. It can be seen that the poet is obsessed with the word "leave early".
The scenery of the first trip reminds the poet of the hometown scenery that appeared in his dream last night: "The geese return to the pond." Spring has come, hometown Ling Du, back to the pond to boil water to keep warm, geese enjoy themselves; And myself, I am far away, resting in Maodian and running on the mountain road! "Du Mengling" and Maodian's homesickness at night bring out the best in each other, taking care of "going home" from beginning to end, bringing out the best in each other; The scenery of my hometown in my dream is in sharp contrast with the scenery on my trip. What I see in my eyes is "mistletoe falling down the mountain", and what I think in my heart is "wild geese returning to the pond" The scene of "leaving early" and the feeling of "leaving early" are perfectly expressed.
Moon Bay in Xijiang River, Huangsha Middle Road.
Year: Song Author: Xin Qiji Genre: Ci
The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches.
The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.
In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.
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To annotate ...
① Huangsha: Huangshaling, in the west of Shangrao, Jiangxi.
② "Bright Moon" sentence: Su Shi's poem "Er Yun Jiang Ying Shu" says: "Bright Moon Surprises Magpie." Other branches: oblique branches.
③ Society: Land Temple. In ancient times, there were community trees in the village, which were sacred places, so they were called community forests.
Comments and explanations
This word was written by Xin Qiji when he was demoted to official residence in Jiangxi. Deliberately describe the night scene of Huangshaling. The moon is bright and the wind is cool, and the stars are scattered.
The rain is sparse, magpies are chirping, rice flowers are fragrant, and frogs are chirping. Ci describes the mountain village on a summer night from three aspects: sight, hearing and smell.
Scenery.
Scenes blend, picturesque. Quiet and natural, vivid and realistic. It is a masterpiece of rural life in Song Ci.
Set comments
Selected Notes on Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties by Tang Guizhang et al.: The author describes a summer night full of active atmosphere in a quiet style. Along the way
There are breezes, bright moons, sparse stars, light rain, magpies, cicadas and rice flowers. After a long walk, suddenly.
However, when you see that familiar shop, you can go in and have a rest, and a sense of pleasure arises spontaneously.
Ai Zhiping's Appreciation of Famous Sentences in Song Dynasty: This is a poem with smart style, no fake carving, no piling up, simple language and eternal taste.
A vivid masterpiece is a light ink painting with aesthetic value-
Sketch of a summer night full of pastoral life.
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This is a sentence written by Xin Qiji when he passed Huangshaling Road in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province in his middle age. In the eighth year of Xichun in Song Xiaozong (1 18 1), Xin Qiji was dismissed as a traitor and began to live in Shangrao for nearly fifteen years. During this period, although he also had a short official experience, he mostly lived in Shangrao, so he left many poems here. Huangshaling mentioned between the lines is 40 miles west of Shangrao County. The ridge is about 15 feet high, deep and open, and can accommodate 100 people. There are two springs below, and water flows out of the stone, which can irrigate more than ten acres of fields. This area is not only beautiful, but also a good area for irrigation and water conservancy. Xin Qiji often visited Shangrao during his stay there. There are about five poems describing the scenery in this area, namely, two poems by Sheng Chazi (traveling alone in the West Smoke), one poem by Huanxisha (Huangshaling), one poem by a partridge (on the Huangsha Road) and this poem.
On the surface, the first two sentences of Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon are about the wind, the moon, cicadas and magpies. But through the clever combination of the author, the result is unusual at ordinary times. The magpie is flying around the oblique and abrupt branches, not hovering over the ordinary tree heads. Because of the bright moonlight, the magpie was awakened; Magpies flying in fright will naturally cause other branches to shake. At the same time, cicadas have their own time to sing. The chirping at night is different from the neighing under the scorching sun. When the cool wind blows slowly, it is often very quiet. In short, the words "surprised magpie" and "singing cicada" contain the silence in the movement and describe the scenery under the "breeze" and "bright moon" in the middle of the night, which is leisurely and charming.
Next, "in the fragrance of rice and flowers, there is a bumper harvest, listening to the sound of frogs." People's attention shifted from the sky to the fields, indicating that the poet was not only infiltrated by the soft smell on the yellow sand road at night, but also concerned about the fragrant rice flowers all over the village, and was linked with the upcoming harvest scene by the fragrant rice flowers. Here and now, the joy of the poet breathing with the people is beyond words. The "fragrance" of the rice flower fragrance is of course a description of the blooming of the rice flower fragrance and an expression of the sweet feeling in the poet's heart. Moreover, the main body of the harvest year is not the sound of magpies we often use, but the sound of frogs, which is the original creation of the poet and amazing. In the poet's feeling, he heard frogs clamoring in unison in the rice fields and quarreling over the harvest. First, the content of "saying" is given, and then the source of "sound" is filled in, saying that frogs everywhere in the harvest year are the creation of poets. The above four sentences simply describe the scenery of the local mountain road on a summer night and the mood of the poets at that time, but the core is that summer night full of harvest years. Therefore, this is not so much a summer scene as the happiness that the current summer scene will bring to people.
However, the summer scenery described by the poet did not end there. If the first part of the poem is not a description of the vast summer scenery, then the second part is obviously won by the changing waves and Liu Yin Road. Because there is a clear pause in conception and melody at the end of the first part, at the beginning of the second part, the poet sets a steep peak and uses antithesis to strengthen the stable tone. There are seven or eight stars in the sky, two or three before the rainy mountain. The "stars" here are sparse stars, and the "rain" is a slight shower, which is in line with the quiet night, quiet atmosphere and simple atmosphere in the upper city. In particular, a poem "Beyond the Horizon" and a poem "In front of the Mountain" were originally out of reach, but as soon as the pen turned and the bridge passed, the shadow of the Maodian near the village forest was unexpectedly displayed in front of people. Although the poet is familiar with the path on the Huangsha Road, he always forgets to cross the "outer sky" and the "front of the mountain", because he is obsessed with the sound of frogs pouring out the joy of the good years in front of him, and even the Maodian near the forest near the Shemiao is unaware of it. The former's "turning the road" and the latter's "suddenly enlightened" not only show the poet's sudden enlightenment and the joy of being close to his old house, but also express his ecstasy because he was immersed in the fragrance of rice flowers and even forgot the distance of the road. The two complement each other, which reflects the author's profound artistic foundation and is intriguing.
On the surface, the theme of this word is nothing more than some seemingly ordinary scenery. There is no carving in the language, no use of an allusion, and the arrangement of levels is completely natural and simple. However, it seems dull, but it has the poet's concentrated artistic conception and sincere feelings. Here, we can also appreciate another realm of Jia Xuan's ci.