Five classics: poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, change, spring and autumn. China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs, was written in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. There are 15 national winds: Nan Zhou, Zhao Nan, Longfeng, Longfeng, Feng Wei, Feng Wang, Zheng Feng, Qi Feng, Qi Feng, Feng Wei, tang style and Qin Feng. "Elegance" includes "Elegance" and "Xiaoya", *** 105; Odes include Zhou Song, Truffles and Shang Odes, with a total of 40 articles. The Book of Songs contains 305 poems.
Chu Ci is China's first collection of romantic poems. Because it is formed on the basis of Chu folk songs in the form of poetry, and a large number of Chu customs and dialects are quoted in the text, it is called "Chu Ci". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others and compiled them into an anthology. Chuci is the source of China's romantic poetry creation.
The Analects of Confucius is one of Confucian classics. The works that record Confucius' words and deeds (main remarks) for Confucius' disciples and their re-transmission disciples are a model for recording prose.
Zuo Zhuan is China's first chronological history book with detailed and complete narration. Originally known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, it is said that it was written by Lu historian Zuo Qiuming. This chronicle began in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC), and described the history of more than 250 years in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Zhuan has high literary value and great influence on later generations. It is also called "Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn" with Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang.
Mencius records Mencius' political, ethical and educational views, as well as his political activities and personal cultivation, and is an important material for studying Mencius' thoughts. The articles in Mencius are all argumentative.
Zhuangzi is one of the Taoist classics and an excellent pre-Qin prose collection. The inner chapter was written by Zhuang Zhou himself, while the outer chapter and miscellaneous articles were written by Zhuang Zhou's disciples and later scholars. His articles often use fables to express profound thoughts.
Xunzi is an important work of Confucianism in the Warring States period and a masterpiece of pre-Qin prose. Edited by Han and Liu Xiang. Xunzi's simple materialism runs through the book, expressing his thoughts in philosophy, politics, economy, military affairs, education, ethics, literature and art, etc.
Han Feizi, also known as Zi Han, is the representative work of pre-Qin legalists. This book expounds Han Fei's political ideal of governing the country according to law. The article expounds incisive and profound views, sharp language and strict style of writing, which has the characteristics of legalist articles.
Liezi is said to have been written by Lieyukou during the Warring States Period. The original book was lost, and the existing Liezi was pieced together by Wei and Jin people who collected ancient books related to the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and most of them reflected the thoughts of Wei and Jin dynasties. Fables and myths and legends have high literary value. Such as "worrying about the sky", "a fool moves a mountain" and "crossing the road to kill a sheep" are all famous fables.
"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", also known as "Lu Lan", is the representative work of sages in the pre-Qin period, compiled by Qin Zongshi at the end of the Warring States Period, with a volume of * * * 26.
The Classic of Mountains and Seas, a masterpiece of China's ancient geography. The content mainly includes geographical knowledge in ancient folk customs, including mountains and rivers, products, medicine, sacrifices, witch doctors and so on. It is of reference value to the study of ancient history, geography, culture, nationalities and myths. Among them, a large number of ancient myths and legends are preserved, such as "The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou", "Yu contended for water", "Jing Wei seized the sea" and "chasing the sun", which are precious materials for later writers.
The Warring States Policy is a national history book compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with a total of 33 editions. From the 16th year of Zhou Pingzhen (453 BC) to the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the historical facts of politics, military affairs and diplomacy of various countries during the Warring States Period were recorded, with the emphasis on the strategists' strategies and speeches. The Warring States Policy is very successful in language application, and its unique language style is composed of eloquent argumentation, extravagant narration, sharp satire and intriguing humor. It marks the development of China's ancient historical prose to a new height, and has a great influence on the creation of later prose and ci-fu.
The book "Yutai New Poems" edited by Chen in Southern Dynasties is entitled *** 10. This book was written in the Liang Dynasty, and it is another influential collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Representative works include Peacock Flying Southeast (original title: Ancient Poems by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife).
Guo Song Mao Qian's Collection of Yuefu Poems. Collected Yuefu songs in the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties, ballads from pre-Qin to the end of Tang Dynasty, including folk songs and literati works, as well as original songs and imitations of later generations. Yuefu was originally a music organ set up by the government at that time, specializing in making music movements and collecting and sorting out songs of folk music from all over the country. These movements and songs were later called "Yuefu Poems" and became a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
Peacock Flying Southeast is the earliest long narrative poem in the history of China literature. The whole poem consists of 353 sentences, all of which are five words, accounting for more than 1700 words. By describing the love between Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi, the whole poem exposes the evils of feudal ethics and paternalism.
Mulan Poetry is a famous folk song in the Northern Dynasties, with 308 words. It tells the story that Mulan disguised herself as a man and joined the army instead of her father. She went through many battles for ten years and returned home in triumph. Together with Peacock Flying Southeast, it is called the "double gem" of China's poetry. Later generations interpreted it into various operas.
The first four histories, historical records, hanshu, houhanshu, the annals of the three kingdoms.
Historical Records, formerly known as Taishi Gongshu, was written by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty. It describes the history of more than 3000 years from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Including 12 biographies, 10 table, 8 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, *** 130. This chronicle mainly writes about the rise and fall of emperors, aristocratic families write about vassal States, record current events, secretary system and biographies. These five styles cooperate with each other to form a complete system, which is China's first biographical history book.
Twenty-four histories were finalized in the Qing dynasty, and the Ming history, together with the old Tang books and the history of the Five Dynasties, were called twenty-four histories. After liberation, the collation and punctuation of the twenty-four histories provided great convenience for researchers. The number of 24 historical volumes and the names of their editors are as follows:
Number of books written by the author, number of books written by the author, Historical Records 130, Western Han Dynasty? Sima Qian Sui Shu 85 Tang Dynasty? Wei Zhi and other Han books 120 Eastern Han Dynasty? Bangu Photinia 80 Tang Dynasty? Is li yanshou from 130 Southern Dynasties? Fan Song? History 100 Tang? Li yanshou Three Kingdoms 65 kg? Chen Shou's Old Tang Book was popularized 200 years later? Liu Xu and other Jin books 130 Tang dynasty? Fang et al. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty 225 Song Dynasty? Ouyang Xiu and other Song Books 100 Southern Dynasties? Liang? History of the Old Five Dynasties in Shen Yue 150 Song Dynasty? Xue et al. 59 Southern Dynasties in southern Shu Qi? Liang? Xiao Zixian's History of the New Five Dynasties 74 Song? Ouyang Shu 56 Tang? Yao Silian Song Shi 496 yuan? Wait for 36 Tang? Yao Silian Liao History 1 16 yuan? Tuotuo and other Shu Wei 130 Beiqi? Weishou Jinshi 135 yuan? Take off, etc. Beiqi Book 50 Tang Dynasty? Li Bai Yao Yuan Shi 2 10 Ming? Song Lian waiting for 50 Tang? Linghu Defen and other 332 Qing Dynasties in Ming Dynasty? Zhang et al.
Meng Qian Bi Tan belongs to the category of notes, written by Shen Kuo in Song Dynasty. The book has 26 volumes and 3 volumes with supplementary notes. This book was named after it was written in Meng Xi, Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). It covers astronomy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine, engineering technology, history, music, art and many other fields. It summarizes the achievements of natural science in ancient China, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty, and records the contributions made by working people in science and technology, such as movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng. This book has high academic value and literary value.
Sanyan refers to Yu's Ming Yan, Shi Jing's Childlike Eyes and Xing Shi Heng Yan compiled by Feng Menglong.
"Erpai" refers to "Surprise at the First Moment" and "Surprise at the Second Moment" edited by Ling Mengchu in the late Ming Dynasty.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong. This book is based on the history of the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the tripartite confrontation between Wei, Shu and Wu. It is based on rich materials such as historical works, miscellaneous notes, anecdote novels and stories. Narration began in the first year of Yong at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (184) and ended in the first year of Taikang (280). This paper describes the internal contradictions and struggles of feudal groups in suppressing the peasant uprising in the Yellow Scarf, and reproduces the history of the Three Kingdoms period to a considerable extent.
The Water Margin is a novel written by Shi Naian in Ming Dynasty. This paper describes the heavy blow to the rulers caused by the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and praises the struggle of Liangshan heroes against the oppression of landlords and feudal governments. It also describes the process of the hero team being injured and controlled. These negative points show the complexity and contradiction of the author's world outlook. His works have created some touching heroic images, such as Lu, Lu and Lin Chong.
The Journey to the West is a novel written by Wu Ming Chengen. It tells the story of Xuanzang, a famous monk, who overcame many difficulties and went west to learn from the scriptures in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. The story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures has been circulated in the world for a long time. On this basis, Wu Cheng'en created and arranged, and integrated it with the author's feelings about the reality in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, which reflected the author's social ideal in a tortuous way.
A Dream of Red Mansions, also known as the Story of the Stone. The book consists of 120 chapters. The first 80 chapters were written by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty, and the last 40 chapters are generally regarded as Gao E's sequels. Based on the love tragedy of aristocratic youth Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, the work describes the decline process of Jia Fu, represented by Jia Fu, and reveals the decadent nature of the feudal ruling class extensively and profoundly, thus revealing the historical trend of the inevitable demise of the feudal system.
The Scholars is a novel of Wu in Qing Dynasty. The works reproduce the life and mental outlook of all kinds of intellectuals in the late feudal society with vivid artistic images, attack the evil of stereotyped imperial examination system and the hypocrisy of feudal ethics, and expose the darkness and decay of feudal society. The language of the novel is fresh and vivid, and typical plots are selected from daily life to express the characters' personalities, which has made great achievements in art.
Pu Songling's collection of classical Chinese short stories "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio". The work exposes the corruption and darkness of feudal rule with the story of fox spirit, praises the spirit of the oppressed, criticizes the evil of the imperial examination system, praises the desire and pursuit of young men and women for love freedom, widely reflects the real life of feudal society, and has profound ideological content.
Goddess is Guo Moruo's first collection of poems, which contains 54 major poems from 19 18 to 192 1.
Scream includes Lu Xun's short stories 19 18 to 1922: Diary of a Madman, Kong Yiji, Medicine, Tomorrow, A Little Thing, The Story of Hair, The Storm, Hometown, and The Story of Hair.
Wandering includes Lu Xun's short stories 1924: Blessing, In a Restaurant, Happy Family, Soap, Ever-burning Lamp, Showing the Public, High Old Master Q, Lonely Man, Grieving for the Past, Brothers and Divorce.
The rural trilogy is the general name of Mao Dun's three short stories, Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Candong.
The torrent trilogy is the general name of Ba Jin's three novels: Home, Spring and Autumn.
"Love Trilogy" is the general name of Ba Jin's three novels of fog, rain and electricity.