Han Yu
A letter played in the sky,
Eight thousand Chaozhou Road in the evening.
If you want to kill the wise,
Willing to decline and cherish the old!
Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling?
The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress.
You should be interested to know that you are far away.
So my bones can be collected by the river.
Distinguish and appreciate
Han Yu took Buddhism as his responsibility all his life. In his later years, he went to the Buddha's bone table and urged Xianzong to "welcome the Buddha's bone in", which violated "the main anger". Almost sentenced to death, Pei Du and others interceded, and was demoted to Chaozhou secretariat by assistant minister of punishments.
Chaozhou is in today's eastern Guangdong, and it is indeed 8,000 miles away from the then capital Chang 'an. It goes without saying that the journey is difficult. When Han Yu arrived in Lantian County, not far from the capital, his nephew Han Xiang came to accompany him. At this time, Han Yu wrote this famous poem in tears.
The first couplet directly expresses the reasons for his conviction and demotion. He dared to say that he brought this "crime" on his own initiative. Because of the crime of "one book", fate is "rising in the morning and setting at dusk". However, in the spirit of "if the Buddha has a spirit, it can be a disaster. If there is a disaster, it should be added to the body" ("Buddha Bone Table"), although it was severely punished, it has no regrets.
Three or four sentences "do everything except evil" are self-righteous, expressing indignation at being acquitted of loyalty and full of courage.
Despite the disastrous disaster, he was still "willing to decline and cherish his old age", and he was strong and healthy, which made people see his integrity.
Five or six sentences are lyrical and tragic. Han Yu wrote in the poem "Crying for Women": "Demote Chaozhou secretariat as a crime and take office; Later, my family was expelled and my daughter died. The burial building is next to the mountain. " We can see his mood when he left his wife and children in a hurry that day. Han Yu paid a painful price for the above. In the word "where is home", there are his blood, his tears and his anger.
These two sentences are retrospective and forward-looking. "Qinling Mountain" refers to Zhong Nanshan. Yun Du did not see his home, nor did he see Chang 'an: "There was a cloud between the light in the sky and me, hiding his city in my melancholy heart" (Li Bai's poem), not to mention that the son of heaven was above the "nine days", how could he be merciful? At this time, he not only cares about his family, but also worries about state affairs. "The horse does not move forward" uses the ancient Yuefu: "Drive the horse to the shady mountain, and the mountain is high and the horse does not move forward." He immediately went to the blue gate, where it was snowing and cold, and he thought of the danger ahead. The word "the horse doesn't move forward" expresses the sadness of the protagonist's disorientation.
Conclusion Learn from a painful experience, and be slow and steady. There is a saying in Thirty-two Years of Zuo Zhuan Gong that the old minister Uncle Jian cried when he was a teacher: "I am dying, but there are no bones left." Han Yu used his meaning to calmly explain the aftermath to his nephew. His meaning was closely linked with the fourth sentence, further revealing his unspeakable anger.
From the ideological point of view, this poem and "The Buddha's Bone Table", with one poem and one article, can be called double walls, which can well show the progressive side of Han Yu's thought.
As far as art is concerned, this poem is a masterpiece of the seven laws of Korean poetry. Its characteristics are as "depressed and frustrated" as Long commented, and its style is similar to that of Du Fu. Depression refers to his style and deep depression, and frustration refers to the subtlety of his technique: his brushwork is vertical and horizontal, and his opening and closing are turbulent. Such as "morning rise", "sunset", "nine days" and "eight thousand roads", which are in sharp contrast and highly summarized. I have a tendency to establish a strategic position since I came up. Three or four sentences use "flowing water pair" and fourteen words form a whole, which makes people feel natural. Five or six sentences jump off, write lyrical scenery, "clouds and snow embrace", and the realm is broad. The words "horizontal" width and "hug" height are extremely powerful. Therefore, the whole poem is magnificent and can produce shocking power.
Although following Du Fu's footsteps, he can change into his own face, showing the characteristics of Han Yu's poems. Rhyme has strict rules, but this poem can still be written in a "writing" way and used well. Fortunately, although there are "literary" characteristics, such as direct narrative methods and the use of function words ("want to do", "willing to do ordinary" and so on); At the same time, it also has the characteristics of poetry, which is manifested in the shaping of images (especially the May 1 ST and June 1 ST couplets, which have the image of the poet himself in the desolate scenery) and affectionate expression. The whole poem is full of narrative, scenery description and lyricism, full of poetry and mellow poetry.