Ma Shi (1) The dragon has money on its back and smoke on its silver hoof. But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it. (2) The grass roots are fragrant in the twelfth lunar month, and the snow in the sky is like salt. I don't know whether my mouth is hard or soft, whether to touch the tribulus or to eat it. (3) It suddenly occurred to me that Zhou He drove to Yushan. Leave the amusement park with Zou, and Hongji can gallop to the horizon. (4) This horse is extraordinary, and the house star is the star. Tap the fine bone forward, and it will bring its own copper sound. (5) The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook. Why do you want to be a golden brain? Let's step on the clear autumn. (6) Hungry bones stop teeth and coarse hair wears flowers. The beads faded, the hair was broken and the saw grew numb. (7) Ximu Liquor will stop, and East Wang Mi has dried up. If the king swallows it, who will drag the shaft? (8) The red hare is not needed, but Lu Bu must ride it. I heard that Xiao Guo Frog, a beautiful boy, can be controlled. (9) I went to my uncle in a hurry, and now I don't take the dragon seriously. Frost on a cold night has crushed the stables, and the horse's back in the west wind has been crushed. (10) urge Dan to cross the Wujiang River (3) The gods cry to the wind. Now that the king has solved the sword (4), where can he chase the hero? (1 1) The horse gave the imperial secretary a silver spear to stab Kirin. At noon, salt sat on the table and rubbed the dust. (12) The bamboos began to gather, but the peach blossoms didn't reach the upper body. He must stir the array and use it to show the general. (13) Who is Baojun's son? His chivalrous spirit has a long history. Heap gold to buy your bones, and send them to the scales of King Xiang of Chu, Xin (part 14) and Panlongcha. Looking back at strangers in the south, who can't meet spring? (15) How can you be at a loss if you don't hunt from Huan Gong? Once out of the ditch, look at the clouds. (16) Tang Jian beheaded Sui Gong, and his fist was returned to Emperor Taizong (5). Don't be too heavy, catch the wind. (17) white iron files grass [6], and fine sand falls into the anvil room. The world pity the thin neck, but gold fears the long teeth. (18) Bole looks forward, and his hair rotates between his abdomen. Only today, when will the green hills be green? (XIX) Xiao Si packhorse, Yuan Congzhu. There are good things in the air, so I can't read the chapter. (20) The encirclement is like a dovetail, and the sword is like a fish intestine. If you want to travel thousands of miles, you should first look out for the light. (twenty-one) Ma and Li Xiannian are on the painted floor. What happened to Gaozhou? (Twenty-second time) When I arrived at the Wangs, I woke up with Luan Er. When you gallop on the sea, you are regarded as a green mule. (23) Emperor Wu loves immortals, and when he burns gold, he gets purple smoke. The stables are full of meat horses and don't understand the sky.
[Edit this paragraph] Notes to the Works
(1) Desert: It originally refers to desert, here refers to Yuan Ye in the north. Yanshan Mountain: This refers to Yanran Mountain, which is the place where good horses are produced in northwest China. Desert and Yanshan Mountain are the hometown of horses. Hook: machete, an ancient weapon, shaped like a crescent moon. (2) When: When is it possible? Jin Luo nao: The bridle with gold inlaid shows the luxury of harness. "Shang Mo Singing" Han Yuefu: "Golden Wind Horses." (3) Wujiang River: One is East River. (4) Wang: Be my king. 5. Boxing: replace "boxing" with "Mao". File: use a file to grind things. (7) Gold: refers to the luxurious riding and shooting range. ⑻: sound pó u.
[Edit this paragraph] Selected works
Ma Shi (1) The dragon has money on its back and smoke on its silver hoof. But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it. The first word "dragon" has written that this horse is unusual. It has a strange appearance and a pattern of money on its back. It is undoubtedly a good horse with strong physique and silver hooves. No one appreciates even a good horse. It's no use weaving brocade into a golden whip. Just sad. Ma Shi (2) In the twelfth lunar month, the grass roots are sweet, and the snow in the sky is salty. I don't know whether my mouth is hard or soft, whether to touch the tribulus or to eat it. There is no grass to eat in the twelfth lunar month, only grass roots speak to satisfy their hunger, but they are also buried under salt and snow. Hungry, which pipe entrance is just soft. In this case, even the grass roots have become sweet, but how do we know that it is still a thorny thistle? The hunger of horses is still the hunger of people, and the plight of horses is still the plight of people. History of Horse (IV) This horse is extraordinary and a star among stars. Tap the fine bone forward, and it will bring its own copper sound. This poem about horses is of good quality, but not good. Describing people and themselves by imitating things is a beautiful writing method of "using topics". The first sentence comes straight to the point, telling the truth, affirming and emphasizing that the poem shows an exceptionally good horse. The sentence is straight, and there is really not much poetry. At first glance, the second sentence "Fangxing is a local star" seems to repeat the meaning of the first sentence. "Fangxing" refers to a horse, which means that Fangxing is the star in the sky, which means that this horse is not a vulgar thing. If the meaning of this sentence is limited to this, it is almost exactly the same as the first sentence, then it is a mistake to repeat it. There are only four sentences in the poem. If the first sentence is plain and the second sentence is repeated, then half of the poem is plain and worthless. However, if you chew it carefully, you will find that the second sentence is unique, only deliberately obscure and tortuous. There is a passage in the Book of Jin Tian: "The four stars in the room, also known as Tianma, are the main drivers. Fang Xingming is the king. " It directly links "Gongxing" and "Wang", that is to say, the situation of horses is closely related to the light and shade of the king and the chaos control of the country. Since the quality of the horse is good or bad, it goes without saying that the king is nameless and ignores political affairs. This is a kind of "infiltration method", through twists and turns, its practical meaning far exceeds the literal meaning. Write three or four sentences about the shape and quality of horses. If the first two sentences are mainly based on judgment and reasoning, lacking vivid images, then the last two sentences are just the opposite, vivid and expressive, and express their ideas completely with images and expressions. Li He writes poems and is good at capturing images. These two sentences are outstanding examples. The writing of "skinny" shows the situation of horses; "Copper tone" describes quality and reflects the quality of horses. The thin horse indicates that the situation is not good. In the eyes of ordinary people, it is just a tired ordinary horse. Only those who really love horses and are good at watching them will not regard them as ordinary horses. "Knock thin bones forward and bring your own copper sound." Although the situation is not good, it has been tossed, but there is still a copper sound. The word "copper tone" is rich and dignified, with a three-dimensional sense. It also contains many meanings: the music of copper shows the Excellence of musical instruments, vividly shows the strength and excellent quality of horses, and makes the inner things appear as audible, visible, sensible and knowable objects. "Quality" is abstract, and "sound" is elusive. It's all "empty" things. It's really not easy to write empty words. We should turn them into reality. The poet only used five words to do it, and the visualization technique can be said to have reached the level of perfection. What is particularly commendable is that poetry creates a profound artistic conception of the relationship between things and me through the description of horses. The poet's talent is unsatisfied and his situation is bleak, just like this thin horse. When he writes about horses, he just expresses his pent-up resentment gracefully. Ma Shi (5) The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook. Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn. This poem seems to be about horses, but in fact it is lyrical. The poet sighed because he was eager to make great achievements for his country, but he was not appreciated. This article writes that a good horse is famous for its vast border, so it can go forward bravely and only know its name. The word "he dang" expresses hope. In the era when Li He lived, there were frequent wars in the buffer regions. The author uses a famous horse as an analogy, saying that although he is born with talent, he also has a place to use, but he still needs to cherish his talent. This is the basic intention of Li Hema's poems. In his short life, Li He has always cherished the heart of making contributions. To this end, he even preferred to join the army. But this ideal can never be realized, so there is always an air of sadness and indignation in his poems. Generally speaking, the expression of Ma Shi's 23 poems belongs to metaphor. However, this poem has unique significance in the use of metaphor. The first sentence and the second sentence show the unique frontier battlefield scenery. At first glance, it is the application of fu method: on the continuous Yanshan mountains, a bright moon is in the sky; Wan Li in Pingsha looks like a layer of white frost and snow in the moonlight. This ordinary person may only feel sad and cold battlefield scene, which has unusual attraction for those who are determined to serve the country. The Moon in Yanshan Mountain is Like a Hook, and Xiao Yue hangs a jade bow as a curtain (the sixth in Nanyuan). "Hook" is a machete, and both are weapons. It is associated with the image of weapons from the bright crescent moon, which means thinking about fighting. Zhenyuan, Yuanhe period, where the author lived, was a period when the buffer region was extremely domineering, and the Jimen area in Youzhou implied by "Yanshan Mountain" was the zone where the buffer region ravaged for the longest time and caused the most disasters, so the poems were quite realistic. Thinking about war is also targeted. Sha Xue's flat battlefield is chilly, but it is a place where heroes can play. So these two sentences are lyrical and tangible. Three or four sentences: when can I put on a mighty saddle and gallop on the battlefield in the crisp autumn to establish meritorious deeds? "Ma Shi" says: "The dragon's back is tied with iron, and the silver hoof is covered with smoke. No one tapestry, who is the golden whip? " The lament of "no one has brocade" and "what should I do" To express the same meaning is to hope that a good horse can be used as a good horse. "Golden brain", "brocade" and "golden whip" all belong to precious saddles, symbolizing the importance of horses. This is the cry of the author who is eager to make achievements but is not appreciated. This poem and "South Garden (Why Men Don't Take Wu Gou)" are the same desire to join the army, pacify the provinces and make contributions to the country. But South Garden is a direct expression of the soul, and this poem belongs to allegorical or figurative style. It is more exciting to express one's mind directly; And with contrast, you will feel elegant and intriguing. In one or two sentences of the poem, it is also a comparison to use snow as a metaphor for sand and hook as a metaphor for the moon; It is also fun to write from a characteristic scenery and lead to lyricism. In a short span of twenty crosses, we can see the interest in comparison, and there is a ratio in interest, which greatly enriches the expressive force of poetry. Syntactically, the last two sentences are completed in one go, starting with the question "What should I do", which strongly conveys infinite expectations and has a sigh; The word "Step in the Clear Autumn" is full of vigor and novel collocation. It is covered with "clear autumn" grass and yellow horse fertilizer, and it is only driven by the word "go quickly". The image symbolizes the graceful charm of the horse, which is "the direction is not empty, and it is really worth life and death." Xiao Teng has this kind of behavior, and ten thousand run amok "(Du Fu's Fang Bing Cao Huma). Therefore, the practice of choosing words and making sentences is also a successful factor that cannot be ignored in the artistic expression of this poem. Ma Shi (8) The red rabbit was useless, so Lu Bu had to ride it. I heard that Xiao Guo Frog, a beautiful boy, can be controlled. The fruit horse is three feet high and can be used to come down from the fruit tree. Qi Jun's horses can't be controlled by people who are not athletic, and the dismounted horses can also be controlled by barbarians. This is the proud words of Qi Jun people and their yearning for Lu Bu. Uncle Xu left in a hurry, but now he doesn't want to be a dragon. Frost on a cold night has crushed the stables, and the horse's back in the west wind has been crushed. Uncle Zhu likes dragons, loves them and is good to them. Now my uncle left in a hurry, the horse was lost, the west wind was heavy in first frost, and the crib collapsed and cracked. In ancient times, dragons and horses were more than eight feet long. There is no doubt that the horror of horses is more painful than that of dragons. Ma Shi (11th) gave the imperial secretary a horse, and the silver spear stabbed the unicorn. At noon, salt sat on the table and rubbed the dust. Sakamoto, named after the salt-hauling car of Maxima. For ladies-in-waiting, you can add Kirin and silver shovel to your body, and you can also eat beautiful things, and the treatment is even better! And maxima, standing in the midday sun, trampled on the salt pan and died of dust! The contrast is strong and the artistic conception is clear. Ma Shi (13) was born in Bao Jun's family and has a long history of chivalrous incense. Heap gold to buy your bones and send them to King Xiang of Chu. Ranger, wearing a treasure is even more chivalrous and fragrant. If you have a daughter and get a handsome bone, you will want to take it to realize my dream of helping the king. Wu Chu complex often appears in Li He's poems, which may be similar to the dream experience of gathering and dispersing in the Tang Dynasty. (19) Xiao Si packs horses, Yuan Congzhu. There are good things in the air, so I can't read the chapter. Liang Wudi built a Buddhist temple and ordered Xiao Ziyun to write a book called Xiao Temple. Later generations also called this Buddhist temple Xiao Temple. Zhangtai, the palace of Qin Dynasty. Zhu Zhima, empty and good, has been loaded, and it is too late to be a chapter. (No.22) went to the Wangs' house and shook hands with Luan. When you gallop on the sea, you are regarded as a green mule. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Li, an alchemist, was seen riding a green mule at the water's edge more than 100 days after his death. Hearing this, Emperor Wu opened the coffin, which was empty. The green mule accompanied Luan before his death, and the immortal was listed after his birth. Ma Shi (23rd) Emperor Wu loved immortals and burned gold to get purple smoke. The stables are full of meat horses and don't understand the sky. This is an intriguing satire. The poet describes the present with the past and expresses serious and profound themes with humorous and spicy pen and ink. The first two sentences are about Emperor Wu seeking immortality through alchemy. Emperor Wu wanted to live forever, so he ordered an alchemist to make alchemy sand into gold, which cost a lot. It turned out to be just a wisp of purple smoke. The word "de" seems ordinary, but it carries a lot of weight. It mercilessly lashed and satirized the absurd behavior of seeking immortality through alchemy, and won the wonderful praise and criticism of One Word. The last two sentences are about horses, which follow the poem closely. "The stables are full of meat horses, and heaven forbid." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was eager to ascend to heaven and become immortal, did not raise a heavenly horse that could "fly clouds" and "catch the wind", but let useless "meat horses" flood the stables. It is very accurate to describe horses as mediocre and inferior with "meat horses". Because it is a "royal horse", it has excellent food and shelter conditions and is fed fat and heavy. Such a horse has difficulty running on the ground, and it is impossible to ride to the sky. These two sentences have profound implications, which not only imply that Emperor Wu's dream of seeking China was shattered immediately, but also imply that talented and knowledgeable people were abandoned at that time, while mediocre and incompetent people were promoted one by one, stole high positions and served as imperial courts. I want to ask: how can we rely on these people to make the country rich and strong and realize the political ideal of Qingming? This poem satirizes the superstition and fatuity of the supreme ruler at that time, which is rare in Li He's works, because he used inhumanity, hidden in the wind and rich in connotation, which made him "laugh" and made people relaxed and refreshed.