osmanthus culture
As early as the 3rd century BC, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were records of osmanthus fragrans. "Shan Hai Jing" and "Nan Shan Jing" both mentioned: "The mountain is full of osmanthus." Shan Hai Jing. "Xishan Jing" mentioned: "There are many osmanthus trees in the high mountains." Chu Quyuan's "Nine Songs" contains: "Help Beidou to drink osmanthus pulp, and Xinyi is a laurel flag." (Note: "Cinnamon pulp" may be a wine brewed by adding osmanthus; "Guiqi" is a flag made of branches of osmanthus trees, which is used to decorate vehicles made of magnolia wood. It can be seen that the edible and ornamental value of osmanthus fragrans was mentioned in the early Chu literature. In addition, osmanthus also symbolizes friendship and auspiciousness. It is said that during the Warring States period, Yan and North Korea gave each other osmanthus flowers to show friendship and friendship. Young men and women often give osmanthus flowers to express their affection in ethnic minority areas where osmanthus flowers are abundant. Lu Chunqiu praised: "The beauty of things is the glory of showing off." It means that the most beautiful osmanthus tree in the world is swaying on the mountain. It shows that Osmanthus fragrans has become the embodiment of beauty in the eyes of the ancients.
From Han Dynasty to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, osmanthus became a valuable flower and tribute. The Miscellanies of Xijing written by Liu Xin in the Western Han Dynasty records: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first built the forest garden, the ministers presented more than 2,000 kinds of exotic flowers and trees, including ten osmanthus trees." In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Han Dynasty (1 1 1), after Emperor Wu broke South Vietnam, Lifu Palace was built in Shanglinyuan, and exotic flowers and trees were widely planted, including 100 osmanthus plants. At this time, most plants were planted, such as bananas, autumn fruits, honey incense, henna, longan, litchi, betel nut, olive, chitose, citrus and so on. , died, but osmanthus fortunately survived. Sima Xiangru also recorded Mulan in Guiling in Shanglin Fu. It can be seen that the introduction of osmanthus into the palace was successful in the early Han Dynasty and had a certain scale.
August of the lunar calendar, called Gui Yue in ancient times, is the best month to enjoy the moon. Since ancient times, osmanthus fragrans and the bright moon in Mid-Autumn Festival have been linked with the cultural life of our people. Many scholars write poems and lyrics to describe, praise and even deify osmanthus. A series of moon palace myths, such as "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" and "Wugang's felling of laurel", have become popular stories throughout the ages. The metaphor of his successful career is "climbing high and looking far", which is the goal that ordinary literati yearn for. According to the relevant classics from Qin and Han Dynasties to Tang and Song Dynasties, the main contents of these fairy tales are introduced as follows:
The legend of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" originated from "returning to Tibet". This is an ancient book about the early years of the Warring States Period. There is a sentence in the book: "In the past, Chang 'e took the fairy medicine of the Western Queen Mother, so she went to the moon to be refined. "Later, Liu An of the Western Han Dynasty wrote classics such as Huai Nan Zi (2nd century BC), and the content was more detailed, mainly adding a passage about Chang 'e changing into a toad, which may be regarded as a punishment for Chang 'e's" Wugang cutting Guangxi ". This legend is quoted from Youyang Miscellanies (860) in the style of Tang Dynasty: "As the old saying goes, there is a laurel tree in the month and a toad in the month. So in different books, it is said that the laurel is 500 feet high. One person often chains it, and the tree created it. Wu Minggang, a native of Xihe, studied under the immortal and ordered to cut down trees. "Cinnamon's' trees are built with trees', that is, the wounds of cutting trees heal quickly, which means that the moon is ups and downs, which means that the moon is immortal. So in this legend, the moon and cinnamon are two in one, and cinnamon can symbolize immortality like the moon.
The moon won the laurel. A conversation started with the History of Jin Dynasty. The book said: "Countermeasures first, Emperor Wu asked: I am the best in the world today, and I am still a branch of Guilin." Generally speaking, the love of ancient literati for sweet-scented osmanthus almost reached the level of infatuation and dreaminess. Zhong Shu, a monk who sang with Su Shi on the same stage in the Song Dynasty, praised osmanthus: "A flower has three colors, tender red, demon white and delicate yellow. ..... Many talented people struggle to climb up and down. Chang 'e said: "There are three kinds of scents, the first one is red (osmanthus fragrans), the second one is yellow (osmanthus fragrans), and the first one is Bai Tan Hua Lang (osmanthus fragrans). "It means climbing laurels, and it is a metaphor for the imperial examinations and the first, second and third places.
Influenced by the above myths and stories, it is also common for literati and dignitaries to introduce osmanthus into official residences and gardens. In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zong moved more than a dozen osmanthus plants from Hengyang, Hunan Province, and planted them in the quiet house where Lingling lived. During his twenty years as prime minister, Gu De collected a large number of osmanthus trees and introduced them to his villa on the outskirts of Luoyang. Bai Juyi was once the secretariat of Hangzhou and Suzhou, and once brought Guizi from Tianzhu Temple in Hangzhou to Suzhou for planting. Not only did he plant cinnamon himself, but he also wanted to plant cinnamon in the moon palace one day. There is a poem about the sun: "I know from a distance that osmanthus is lonely in the sky, but I doubt whether Chang 'e is more indispensable;" "The Moon Palace is fortunate to have idle fields. Why not plant two plants in the middle?"
Since Wei and Jin Dynasties, literati's poems have become popular, with many famous sentences. It highlights the famous products and exotic fragrance of osmanthus, and also expresses feelings through flowers. Monopoly Sanqiu over other countries, and boast of orange green and orange yellow. From the Mid-Autumn Festival next month, the fruit will float into the sky and smell sweet. "By the song dynasty poet Lv Sheng. He called osmanthus fragrans the main flower and plant in Sanqiu, which has an extraordinary origin (planted in the middle of the month) and an unusual fragrance (sweet smell).
"Graceful under the rock, fragrant at the end of the year. The leaves are dense green and the flowers are yellow. " Zhu (1130-1200), a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, wrote a well-known poem about Guangxi. Language is naturally simple. In just 20 words, the ecological habits (born on the rock ridge), phenology (Mid-Autumn Festival), tall and straight trunk, lush foliage and flowers of osmanthus fragrans are vividly described.
"When the full moon is full, the flowers are spent, and the flowers are lost after the month. You must know that everything in the world is the same clear autumn. " This was written by Zhu, a poet in the Song Dynasty. She uses euphemistic and delicate brushstrokes to express beautiful objective things and personal inner world. On the day of the full moon in August and 15th of the lunar calendar, osmanthus flowers are in full bloom. A full moon is a good person, which is a true portrayal of family reunion and happy life. It's the other side of the vicissitudes of life.
Osmanthus fragrans is not only famous and exotic, but also respected by celebrities in past dynasties. For example, Li Gang, a patriotic celebrity in the Southern Song Dynasty, loves sweet-scented osmanthus. He refused to pay his gold ambition and retired to Fuzhou in his later years. His study was named Guizhai to plant osmanthus. In two poems entitled "Picking Mulberry", there is such a sentence: "Fragrance is not spring, fragrance is autumn wind, and fragrance is stronger than residual flowers. Stepping on the golden jade, blowing the dragon, blowing the dragon, just like Yao and Taiwan meet under the moon. " "Ten thousand makeup Jin Ruizhi, thyme, thyme, introduce IELTS to you. A jade pot cannot store water, but a flower cannot grow old. Wipe a few bright windows, wipe a few bright windows and remove the remaining English yellow. "
Later, when Lin Zexu, a national hero in the late Qing Dynasty, rebuilt the Li Gang Temple near the Lotus Pavilion in Fuzhou West Lake, he built a reading room next to the temple, also named Guizhai, to show his patriotic legacy.
Osmanthus fragrans is a representative variety of Osmanthus fragrans. Folk cultivation began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty. There are 32 species in the world, and there are 27 species in China, which is the distribution center of Oleaceae in the world. Osmanthus fragrans not only has high garden ecological value, but also can be used to develop food (Osmanthus Jelly, osmanthus sweet glutinous rice balls, moon cakes, osmanthus tea, drinks, osmanthus wine, etc.). ). In chemical industry (refining nature, osmanthus essence, perfume, soap, sachet); Medicinal materials (osmanthus fragrans, roots, cassia seeds and leaves, all of which can be used as precious Chinese medicines); Returning farmland to forest (some new osmanthus varieties with fast growth and strong resistance are industrialized to make them cheap and good) has great development value (especially the varieties of Osmanthus fragrans variety group are still blank in the garden).
The ancient osmanthus symbolizes victory, loftiness, friendship and good luck. In ancient times, those who succeeded in official career were called laurels. In the long historical development process, Osmanthus fragrans has formed profound cultural connotations and distinctive national characteristics. By excavating the rich osmanthus culture, we inherit the ancient folk custom of inviting the moon to enjoy osmanthus and combine it with tourism festivals. Highlight the uniqueness of Guangxi culture and create an elegant, warm, happy and peaceful holiday atmosphere. At the same time, the relevant cities hold the osmanthus festival every year, which promotes the development of tourism and the construction of spiritual and material civilization.
The legend of laurel originated in Greece.
The work is based on Greek mythology and depicts the story of Apollo, the sun god, asking for love from Daphne, the daughter of the river god. Cupid shot a golden arrow at Apollo in revenge, which made Apollo madly fall in love with Daphne. At the same time, a lead arrow that made people refuse love shot at Daphne, making the girl indifferent to Apollo. When Daphne turned around and saw Apollo chasing her, she hurriedly called for help from her father. The river god heard his daughter's voice and turned her into a laurel when Apollo tried to catch up with her.
Apollo and Daphne Zeus
He has a son and a daughter.
The son's name is Apollo.
He is a handsome boy, and he is very powerful.
The sun god is in charge of the sun.
Daughter is the "moon goddess" in charge of the moon.
one day
Apollo was instructed by his father to shoot the monster ~
On the way back, I saw a child playing with a bow.
He walked up to the child and said, "You children can't play with bows" and showed him the monster that was shot ~ ~ ~ so he said a lot of contemptuous words ~
That child is iloc in charge of love.
Some people call him Cupid.
Cupid was very angry at Apollo's words.
He said, "Do you believe I will shoot you with my arrow?"
Apollo certainly didn't believe it
So Cupid shot two special arrows into the sky.
The first arrow will make people fall in love deeply.
The second arrow keeps people from being tempted by the opposite sex ~ ~ ~
The first arrow hit Apollo.
The second arrow hit the daughter of the river god, a beautiful girl named Daphne, who was the first beauty in the divine world.
Apollo fell in love with Daphne as soon as he saw her.
His love for her is as uncontrollable as a disease.
He followed Daphne everywhere.
However, the girl worships Chang 'e and wants to be a virgin forever with her, so she is right.
Sex is exclusive, ignoring Apollo's pursuit.
But Apollo didn't give up
One day, Apollo saw Daphne in the forest.
I went over to tell her.
But because of Cupid's arrow.
She kept running away from him ~ Daphne ran more and more panic, because this time Apollo made up his mind not to let her leave, just as he was about to catch up.
time
At last she stopped because he was stopped by a big river ~
Daphne shouted for help at the river in front of her.
"Dad, please open your mouth and swallow me."
The river god has always loved this beautiful daughter, so he used the river god to turn her into a laurel tree. When Apollo saw Daphne who became a laurel tree, he felt very sad. He hugged laurel gently, apologized to her, and made it clear that although she could not be his wife, his love for her would never change, and he would take her wood as his.
Harp, decorate his bow and arrow with her flowers, and let her be young forever without worrying about aging.
Later, the twigs of laurel were picked and woven into a laurel crown, which was given to all those who made achievements. This is the origin of the laurel. trait
Daphne is a charming fairy. One day, when she was playing happily in the forest, she found Apollo, the sun god, staring at herself with unusual surprise and envy. The dazzling sun made her run with fear. The eager sun god followed closely, trying to stop her. Her beauty and elegance aroused his passion. He feared that this would be the last time they met. The swift fairy ran as fast as she could, followed by the enthusiastic Apollo. She crossed the wilderness and walked through the lonely Woods, but the pursuit was approaching. While chasing, I begged my beloved fairy to slow down. He was afraid that the fairy would scratch her shiny skin when she fell on the stone road. But escape fairy doesn't care about this. She didn't even look behind her, and finally she panted for help from her father (the river god). Her request was answered immediately. She soon found herself stuck. Then, a layer of soft bark grew on the tender skin, and she became a laurel tree. The sun god sighed and hugged the trunk, which contracted. In order to show his eternal love for fairies, he took laurel as his favorite tree species and decided to give it to those eternal poets and poems as a reward of honor and prestige. Therefore, the most outstanding poets always hope to be honored as Poet Laureate.