Generation after generation of literature, Chu Sao, Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Poetry, Parallel Prose of the Six Dynasties, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels. Li Bai and Du Fu, the poets with the highest achievements in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, were called poetic immortals, and Du Fu was honored as a poet saint. It is precisely because of the genius of Li Bai and Du Fu that Tang poetry is like a bright pearl in ancient China literature.
Du Li:
Li Bai and Du Fu represent two completely different artistic styles. Li Bai's poems and songs often use strange exaggeration and imagination to express a sense of prosperity beyond nature, while Du Fu uses realistic skills to care about the true reproduction of objects. Therefore, when faced with these two styles and their achievements are equal, later generations always want to compare who represents the highest artistic achievement of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
In fact, in front of two talented poets, the comparison between our descendants is inappropriate. They represent two different artistic styles. In the long history, after thousands of years of voting, it is proved that they represent a peak that future generations can't reach, and have made unique and irreplaceable contributions to the development of China's poetry.
As Mr. Guo Moruo said, "Li Bai and Du Fu are close brothers, and their position in the history of China literature is like a Gemini in the sky, shining side by side forever." I think an understanding of the history of Li Bai and Du Fu's ups and downs is helpful for us to understand the aesthetic tendency of each era and the style of Li Bai and Du Fu.
Du Li began with Yuan Zhen, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. "Du Fu's poems are ancient and modern, and everyone is unique." Yuan Zhen thinks that Li Bai can be compared with Du Fu in many places, but Li Bai's artistic achievements in metrical poems are far less than Li Bai's. This statement is actually difficult to convince the public, because every poet has one aspect that he is good at. In this way, I will. I don't know, stupid, so it's slander. Mayflies shake trees, which is ridiculous. "I agree with this view.
Later, Ouyang Xiu favored Li Bai, Wang Anshi favored Du Fu, and Su Shi admired Du Fu, but his heroic characteristics were closer to Li Bai's romantic color. In the Ming Dynasty, Du Fu received better praise, and Li Bai's reputation did not decline. The atmosphere of suppressing Li Bai is well summarized in Zhao Yi's works: "All the kings in the Northern Song Dynasty regarded the society as authentic, but the name of Du Zhi remained forever. Although Du is eternal, Li's name will not be slightly reduced. " Du Li's position in the history of China's poetry is undeniable. He represents a peak that future generations can't reach in the history of China's poetry and creates unprecedented literature and art.
Comparison of artistic characteristics between Li Bai and Du Fu
As we said before, Li Bai and Du Fu have different artistic characteristics and styles. One is an outstanding representative of romantic poets, and the other is the peak poet of realism. Their style led to the different tone of the article. Reading Li Bai's poems will be amazed at his heroic and positive attitude, and reading Du Fu's poems will be moved by his depressed feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Therefore, to analyze the artistic characteristics between them, we must start with the poetry itself and emotion.
Compare Du Li's emotional tone;
Li Bai embodies a kind of unrestrained and heroic beauty, so his feelings are often a strong and clear lyric way, just like the majestic water rushing down the Yellow River. His imagination is changing rapidly, galloping between heaven and earth, shuttling through the ages, and coming and going without a trace. "How can the water of the Yellow River move out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return?" "Walking out of the sky with a smile, are we Artemisia people?" The poet's heroic feelings thus influenced the expression of his poems, which were magnificent and unique. Du Fu's poems often express a depressed thought of worrying about the country and the people. Reading Du Fu's poems, I feel that every word reveals Du Fu's anxiety about the country and the people. Such an emotional tone contains deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people, so it is profound and profound, with ups and downs of emotions, and repeatedly laments, "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I have finally climbed this tower. The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water. However, there is no news from my relatives and friends, and I am old, weak, sick and lonely. "The author thought for thousands of years. First, from the vast weather in Dongting Lake, I suddenly felt mixed feelings. Things are different, and my relatives and friends are separated. I can't help but feel sorry. The last sentence is" There are wars and mountains in the north of this wall. How can I not cry by the railing here? " It shows the author's depressed mood. Every time I read this article, I feel sad and dry.
Comparison of creative themes:
Du Li's poems are quite different in artistic features and creative methods. Yuan Hongdao once pointed out that Li Bai made good use of emptiness, while Du Fu made good use of reality.
Many of Li Bai's poems and songs describe the spiritual world. In traveling, he often entrusts the poet's secular feelings, or actively joins the WTO, or despises the powerful, or indulges in landscapes. However, in Li Bai's poems and songs, we will find that the objective world in his works always leaves the poet's romantic sentiment with strong subjective color. I wrote "I can't see the lovely strands of hair in the mirror on the shelf. Although it is silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night" and "My hair is three times as long as thousands of feet, and my sorrow seems to be very long". The author's sorrow is more heroic on the basis of the author's positive attitude, and it is even more heroic in it.
On the subject matter of Du Fu's creation, contrary to Li Bai, Du Fu is more of an empty expression. Du Fu will hide his deep feelings in the description of objective things and let the things themselves impress readers. Through the true description of things, he will write in an almost sketchy way, showing infinite feelings, which are contained in limited scenery. Du Fu's description of their extravagance is not directed at their extravagance, but at their clothes and diet.
Comparison between poetic genre and creative idea;
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen thought that Du Fu's poems were more artistic than Li Bai's in meter. Such a one-sided approach is indeed biased, because there are many styles of poetry. It is really unfair to compare it from only one aspect.
Stylistically speaking, Li Bai is good at free classical poems, quatrains and Yuefu poems, and doesn't like poems with strict rules. Judging from his representative works, most of them appear in the style of these three poems. There are 59 pieces of Antique, which are his five ancient masterpieces. The scenery is magnificent, colorful, lyrical and changeable. Li Bai is also good at writing quatrains. His famous poems include Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Making an Early Journey to Baidicheng, and Presenting Wang Lun. People who have commented on quatrains in past dynasties all think that Li Bai and Wang Changling are the best. In the aspect of Yuefu poetry, Li Bai used the old Yuefu poetry, with simple and natural language, just as he pursued "clear water produces hibiscus, natural carving", straightforward and natural, with harmonious and smooth syllables. He studied Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, making them more refined, beautiful and meaningful.
On the other hand, Du Fu broke through the shackles of the old Yuefu poems and created many new Yuefu poems, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. Du Fu's representative poems include Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Moon Hope and Autumn Prosperity. The poems of climbing the mountain and climbing Yueyang Tower are famous for their gloomy, steady, dignified and delicate styles. Du Fu is good at refining emotional quips. At the same time, compared with Li Bai's natural beauty and lack of attention to refined words, Du Fu always insisted on "being lonely for human nature and not being good at words"
Others:
Li Bai and Du Fu respectively represented the two peaks of romanticism and realism in the Tang Dynasty. As for the differences in their artistic styles, it is not an article that can explain them clearly. Their political ideals, attitudes towards life, performance skills and ideological influence are quite different, so I won't write them for the time being, and I won't elaborate them. Finally, I summed up the article with a sentence from Han Yu: Du Li's article is there, and the flame lasts forever.
The artistic features of Li Qingzhao;
Li Qingzhao's ci is known as "Yi 'an Ci" and "Shuyu Ci", which is named after its number and collection. Yi 'an Collection and Shuyu Collection were recorded by Song people long ago. Up to now, there are about 45 ci-poems, and more than 10 are in doubt. Her "Yu Shu Ci" is both heroic and strange. She not only has profound literary accomplishment, but also has bold creative spirit. Generally speaking, due to the changes of living in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, her creative content showed different characteristics in the early and late stages.
Early stage: it truly reflects her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focuses on writing about natural scenery and parting lovesickness.
Li Qingzhao's early poems truly reflected her boudoir life, thoughts and feelings, and the theme focused on writing about natural scenery and parting lovesickness. For example, two songs, such as Dream, are lively and beautiful, and the language is innovative. I remember playing the flute on the Phoenix Terrace, a plum blossom, and a drunken flower. By describing my lonely life, I expressed my deep affection for my husband and my love for her, which was graceful and graceful. [Butterfly Hua Lian] "Seeing Sisters Off at Changle Pavilion at Night" is about nostalgia for female companions, and the feelings are extremely sincere. Although most of her poems describe lonely life and express melancholy feelings, she can often see her love for nature and frankly reveal her pursuit of a better love life. This is written by a woman writer, which is much more valuable than Forever in My Heart written by the first-person narrator. Wang Zhuo said: "Li Qingzhao" writes long and short sentences, full of twists and turns, light and sharp, and full of gestures. Lu Xiang's language is dissolute and his writing is casual. Since ancient times, the family of the gentry, those who can have children, have never been so careless "("Monchi of monks ",Volume II). This criticism just shows that the original intention of Li Qingzhao's ci is objectively against feudal norms.
Later stage: mainly expressing nostalgia and nostalgia when injured. Expressed his deep sadness in his lonely life.
Li Qingzhao's poems after crossing the south are also very different from those in the previous period. The political risks and various tragic experiences in her personal life after the destruction of her country made her spirit very painful, so her early ci became beautiful and bright, but full of sad and low voices, mainly showing her homesickness and nostalgia when she was injured. During her exile, she often missed her hometown in the Central Plains, such as "Where is my hometown? Forget it, unless I'm drunk. "Dream of Chang 'an in vain and recognize Chang 'an Road" written by [Bodhisattva Xia] [Butterfly Hua Lian] reveals her deep nostalgia for the lost north. She is more attached to her past life, such as the famous slow word "Ode to Fishing Music", and recalls Luo Jing's "Zhongzhou heyday". [Transferred from Man Fang Ting] Cao Fang Pond recalls the "winning reward" of that year, compares the good life of the past with the desolation and haggard of today, and places the yearning for the old country.
In her poems, she fully expressed her deep sadness in her lonely life. For example, Wu Lingchun expressed her uncontrollable and unspeakable sadness by writing the feeling that "things are human beings who are wrong and do everything they can" and "the voice is slow" by writing the situation of "searching and searching". For example, the sadness of "and heaven remains our neighbourhood this year" in Qingpingle and the sadness in "The Lonely Goose" are all based on the tragic life of the country, so her participle is an artistic summary of the suffering and personal unfortunate fate of that era.
In her early years, Li Qingzhao also wrote an essay "On Ci" and put forward the word "other schools", which was an important theory of Ci in the Song Dynasty and also became the theoretical basis of her creation of Ci. She wrote Shu Yu Ci, and Li Qingzhao's ci style is graceful and restrained, which is called "graceful ci school". In Shen Qian's Miscellanies of Ci, Li Qingzhao and Li Houzhu are mentioned together: "Li Houzhu is a man and Li Yian is a woman, which is very true."
Yi 'an Ci is unique in the Song Dynasty, which is called "Yi 'an Style". The name "Yi 'an Style" began in the Song Dynasty. The title of Hou Yin's Eye-catching is: Xiao Yi Antioch. Xin Qiji's "Ugly Slave Close" title: "Boshan Road is easy to be safe." Ci has its own system, which shows that it has formed a distinct personality. Its characteristics:
First, dump sincere feelings.
True feelings are the bones of words, and the feelings of words are really expensive. Before Li Qingzhao, most graceful ci poets wrote about all kinds of amorous feelings and deep feelings with men, and Li Qingzhao was the first person who took women as the standard, wrote about self-love, sadness and joy, and wrote about the great changes in his home country and achieved unprecedented success. His early love stories, such as Pruning a Plum and Blowing the Xiao in the Phoenix Tower, are full of emotion and nonsense, and their natural frankness can best reflect the pure and delicate spirituality of women, which is unmatched by the love stories made by male writers in previous dynasties. Later, he wrote sad and disorderly words, such as Wuling Spring, Slow Voice, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Lonely Goose and so on. Every sentence is full of blood and tears, which is full of sadness and shock. This "sentimental" "load", endless "thousands of tears" and "sad and miserable" are sad songs that blend the changes of home and country and the vicissitudes of the times, coming from affectionate poets and rooted in real life feelings. They are the portrayal of Li Qingzhao's bumpy life, tragic life and disaster times.
Second, smelting household words.
The language of Yu Shu's ci has a distinct personality. Liu Yong is a pioneer in introducing words into the market. His writing is popular and clear, but he is good at expressing himself, occasionally involving butterfly silence. Zhou Bangyan refined slang into elegance and used exquisite words. Li Qingzhao created a literary language characterized by naturalness and truthfulness. As the saying goes, "Use vulgar language to create fresh ideas" (Jin Su written by Peng). This language is an impact on the elegant ci style in the late Northern Song Dynasty. For example, "I'm afraid to leave my arms, so how much do I want to say" ("Remembering Xiao Feng at the Burning Wind Station"). As if inadvertently, blurt out, but carefully appreciate, but the meaning is multi-layered, very fine. Relatives are far apart and have a thousand words to say; Breaking up is fixed and there are many concerns. What's the use of saying it? Hate is hard to say goodbye, but it is hard to say and stings people. I'd rather bear it myself than increase the burden on the walkers. These heavy thoughts and subtle mentality are all expressed in everyday language and contain infinite significance. For example, "Suddenly sunny, suddenly rainy, suddenly windy", "How can it be dark when looking out the window?" Handy, on the basis of colloquialism and popularization, a large number of vivid and vivid sentimental words are added, which do not tend to be dull, loose and weak, because it is the result of ingenuity and refinement on the basis of spoken language. So the pen is refined and alert, and the language is novel. Such as "snow is clear and jade is thin", "smoke is dark and rain is dark", "waves turn red", "Liu Yanmei cheeks", "red is rare and fragrant" and "cloud platform and moon land", which are simple, fresh, subtle and vivid, and are precisely "the strangest rise that seems ordinary, easy to do but difficult to do".
Third, make good use of line drawing.
Shu Yu's ci does not emphasize truth, but uses predecessors' poems, and is good at creating moving artistic conception with lines. Yi 'an's sketch is different from Liu Yong's "smooth" and beautiful and rich classics, but "blurting out proverbs and moving the realm". For example, "Drunken Flowers" writes dignified thinking: "The curtain rolls west wind, and people are as thin as yellow flowers." "Yong Yu Le" writes loneliness and loss: "It is better to listen to people laughing under the curtain." They are all written in plain language with deep feelings, scenes, characters and backgrounds. In front of the stage, I spent my heart on Iraqis, thinking of the image of lovesickness, closing the curtains, feeling lonely and bitter, showing my mental journey of swallowing endless sadness, which is vivid and unforgettable. The sketch of Shuyu Ci is muddy, subtle and graceful, without a trace of simplicity. "hickory" snapped: "sunny, rainy, windy!" Although the astronomical phenomena are described in spoken language, it inevitably reminds people of the changes of the world and the turmoil of love, and its profound meaning is endless.
Fourth, emphasize the beauty of rhythm.
Li Qingzhao attaches great importance to the melody in her poems. The so-called lyrics are divided into five tones and six rhymes, and her creation practices her own theory. This is determined by the characteristics of words as musical poems. Shu Yu's ci pays attention to the combination of sound and emotion, likes to use double rhyme, and pays attention to the beauty of rhyme in choosing words. Xia Zeng cited his "Sound Slow" as an example, in which the pronunciation of tongue is 15 and the pronunciation of teeth is 42, especially the few words. "The overlapping of teeth sounds in the cross should be intended to use the tone of Ding Ning, a rodent, to write his own melancholy mood, which is clear to read and has obvious timbre beauty, which fully shows the characteristics of the movement" (The Art of Li Qingzhao's Ci, Zhang Your Ear Collection praised "How can you keep the window dark?" He said: ... black words are not allowed to be taken by the second person. "The first sentence of" Sound Slow "has a reduplication of 14, which has been praised as a swan song by poets of all ages. Zhang said, "This is the sword dancer. He is not incompetent in this dynasty. He has never had fourteen overlapping words. Xu Fan's Ci Yuan Cong Tan described the beauty of its acoustics as "like pouring pearls, big and small, into a plate of jade". Li Qingzhao is good at measuring people's temperament in popular language. It is extremely difficult to train people in plain language, which is wonderful, harmonious and fascinating. Therefore, Wanshu rhymes: "Its words are strange and horizontal, so it may be melodious, so it is outstanding through the ages. "
Boutique preview:
Zuihuayin
Song Qingzhao
The mist is thick and the clouds are thick, and the days are sad. Kapoor is among the birds in the incense burner.
The festival is also a double ninth festival, and the jade pillow gauze kitchen is half cold at night.
Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves.
Don't say clear autumn is not a person, the west wind rolls the flag and beads curtain, and the person in the curtain is thinner than that Huang Ju.
Brief analysis
This word was written by the author after his early separation from her husband Zhao Mingcheng. It expresses the poet's loneliness and lovesickness through mourning for autumn.
The last movie and cool autumn scenery. The first two sentences are written in the daytime: "The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever." This "mist and thick clouds" not only covered the whole sky, but also covered the poet's heart. The Beast of Renau Xiao Jin wrote a long and boring time, and at the same time set off the sadness of the environment. Starting from the evening, the last three sentences first point out the festival: "Double Ninth Festival". Then, from some distinctive things such as "jade pillow gauze kitchen" and the poet's special feelings, the autumn chill that penetrates people's skin is written, suggesting the heroine's mood in the poem. The words "worry" and "cool" run through "eternal day" and "night". Late autumn, season and climate, material state and human feelings are already in sight. This is the reason for the next movie "People are thinner than yellow flowers". The next movie is about the ninth festival. The first two sentences are chrysanthemum appreciation and drinking. The ancients had the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking alcohol on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "I'll come back when it's chrysanthemum time." During the Song Dynasty, the wind never weakened. Therefore, on the Double Ninth Festival, the poet still wants to "drink in the East" until "after dusk", and the fragrance of chrysanthemums overflows his sleeves. What these two sentences say is that the festive season is still the same, but the situation of people is different: "The immortal emperor rolls the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." Contrast up and down, many things are different, the past and the present are different. As far as the relationship between the upper and lower films is concerned, this one is about the result.
Li Qingzhao lived a happy love life and family life in her early years. As women in the boudoir, due to the constraints of feudal society, their activities are restricted and their life experiences are also heavily constrained, even the upper-class intellectual women like Li Qingzhao are no exception. Therefore, relatively speaking, their requirements for love are higher than those of ordinary men, and their experience is more delicate. Therefore, when the author and her husband parted, facing the monotonous life, they could not help expressing their sadness and farewell by cherishing Spring and Qiu Lai. This word is a reflection of this emotion. Literally, the author does not directly express the pain and lovesickness of living alone, but this feeling is everywhere in his writing. This is written through layer by layer.
Clever metaphor is also one of the important reasons why this word is widely read. In ancient poetry, it is not uncommon to compare people's thinness with flowers. For example, "People are as thin as Qingyang" (Song's anonymous dream), "People are thin, how much thinner than plum blossoms and plum blossoms?" (Song Chenggai's "Passing the Jiangchengzi") "Heaven knows, the sky is thin." (Qin Guan "Water") and so on. But compared with Li Qingzhao, this article is so successful. The reason is that the metaphor of this word is closely combined with the overall image of the whole word, which is very suitable for the identity and emotion of the poetess and is friendly to read.
In the words, the technique of baking clouds to support the moon is also properly used, which has a hidden charm. For example, the next article is about chrysanthemum, which is used to describe people. But there is not a word "chrysanthemum" in the whole article. "Dongli" originally used Tao Yuanming's poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the Dongli", but the word "picking chrysanthemums" was hidden, in fact, it was hidden. For another example, the same is true of the word "89". Before the word "nine", there was already the word "chrysanthemum". Because the ancients had the habit of drinking chrysanthemum wine on September 9, the word "chrysanthemum" was also omitted here. Another example is "dark fragrance", where "dark fragrance" refers to the fragrance of chrysanthemum, not the fragrance of other stamens. "Yellow flower", that is, "chrysanthemum". As can be seen from the above, there is not a word "chrysanthemum" in the whole word, but the color, fragrance and shape of "chrysanthemum" are all on the paper. There is a turning point in the word, a layer of thinking is added when singing, and the charm of the poem is also thickened.
The rhetorical technique is also one of the noteworthy artistic features of Ci. Ming Mao Ying said in Ci De that people "only know how to memorize" (meaning "people are thinner than yellow flowers"), but they don't know that beauty lies in "not knowing the truth". This statement is very insightful. The sentence "Mo Dao" can actually be compared with the sentence "How much leisure" in He Zhu's Jade Case. The difference is that the sentence "Mo Dao" contains rhetorical questions and provocative questions.
Yuan Yi's "nirvana in fire" is a story like this: "Yi An sent a letter to Zhao Mingcheng in Chongyang, which read" Drunken Flowers ". I really admire you, and I'm ashamed. I want to win. All those who thanked the guests and didn't eat or sleep for three days and nights got 50 yuan, which could easily be regarded as the symbol of their friend Lu Defu. Dave played it over and over again and said, "There are only three wonderful sentences". Mingcheng. Answer:' The Tao never dies, and the curtain rolls in the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. It is easy to be safe. "No matter how credible this story is, the spread of this story alone is enough to show that Li Qingzhao's life experience is not experienced by ordinary literati; His artistic style and skills are not imitated by ordinary poets. It is in this way that the image of a boudoir beauty is sentimental and fragile. Because this image is the product of a specific historical period and class in feudal society.
Zuihuayin ①
The fog is thick and the clouds are sad forever, and the mind is refreshed and the golden beast disappears. ③ Double Ninth Festival, jade pillow gauze kitchen, ④
It's cool at midnight. After dusk, Dongli handles wine, and ⑤ has dark fragrance sleeves. ⑥
Undead, the curtain rolls west wind, and seven people are thinner than yellow flowers. ⑧
Note (1) The tone of this word was first seen in Maopang Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were some sentences such as "People are in under the greenwood tree" and "Advise the monarch to answer the guest's cup". According to its meaning, it is regarded as the name of a tune. Double tone, 52 words, rhyming. ② Yongri: A long day. 3 Rui nao: namely borneol, the name of spice. Golden beast: bronze incense burner in animal shape. ④ Jade pillow: the laudatory name of porcelain pillow. Yarn chef: yarn account, called blue yarn account. ⑤ Dongli: Tao Yuanming's poem "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under Dongli, leisurely seeing Nanshan". After that, the east column refers to the chrysanthemum viewing place. 6 fragrance: the fragrance is fragrant. This refers to the fragrance of chrysanthemum. ⑦ Curtain rolling west wind: the inverse of "West wind rolling curtain door". 8 yellow flowers: refers to chrysanthemums.
This is Li Qingzhao's early work. On the surface, this word is written about the lonely mood in late autumn, but in fact it is written about the feeling of missing her husband on the Double Ninth Festival. In the last film, the scene of cool autumn was "clouds around" This gloomy weather is unbearable. It is cold and lonely in the middle of the night. I sat indoors alone, watching the smoke curling up in the incense burner, killing endless loneliness and sadness. In a few words, the melancholy state of a young woman in a boudoir is outlined. The loneliness of "waking up the golden beast" is followed by "Double Ninth Festival", which is a hint that when this beautiful festival, the husband is not around. The ancients attached great importance to the Double Ninth Festival, which was a day for family reunion, drinking with each other and climbing mountains. The word "you" has a very strong emotional color, which highlights her sad and lonely feelings. "Jade pillow gauze kitchen, cool in the middle of the night." The jade pillow sleeps alone, and the gauze kitchen sleeps alone. What a lonely sleepless night this is? "It's not just the feeling that the season turns cold, but also a taste in my heart.
In the next film, I further express my feelings. At dusk, enjoying chrysanthemums alone will bring about my own destruction. At this time, the chrysanthemums are extremely beautiful, and the "fragrance sleeves" are even more lonely and embarrassing. This sentence is translated into "Nineteen Ancient Poems", which means that she can't get rid of her husband's thoughts. The last three sentences, written at the beginning of the west wind, the curtain rolled in, making people more worried. Yellow flowers are used to describe people who are haggard because of lovesickness, setting off the deep meaning of "immortality" And a word "thin" plays a finishing touch role in the whole article, pushing the word "worry" to the highest peak and bringing strong shock to readers. Here, the expression of "curtain rolling west wind" is inverted, and the normal word order of "west wind rolling curtain door" is reversed, which not only has a sonorous rhyme, but also meets the needs of using words. At the end of the sentence, two high-pitched "west wind" are used, which highlights the artistic conception of the west wind, blends with the words "eliminating the soul" and "people are thinner than yellow flowers" and has obvious artistic effect. Chai Huchen's ancient and modern ci theory: "Love is red and rainy, and yellow flowers are thinner, which can be described as elegant and smooth." Li Qingzhao's ci is like Chen Tingzhuo's Shao Yunji (Volume 10): "Every word is not elegant, affectionate and bitter, and the Yuan people follow it."
Slow voice (1)
Looking around, lonely and sad. When it's warm and cold, it's the hardest to rest. (3) Three cups and two glasses of wine, how can you beat him? The evening breeze is urgent. Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? (4) Watching the window, how can you be alone! ⑤ The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad word! ⑦
Note (1) This song was originally named "Sheng Sheng Man", which was later used by Jie Jiang to sing autumn songs. The whole word rhymes with the word "sound" because it is called "slow sound" Up and down, 99 words, flat and even rhymes. ② It's warm and cold at first sight: it's warm and cold. 3 interest: improve interest and maintain. (4) Who: He, the flower mentioned above. Who can answer: There is nothing to answer. Say: Who can match * * *. ⑤ How to blacken: blackening depends on the sample. 6 this time: this situation, this situation. ⑦: How can I include it?
Comments on this word also reveal a word "worry" at the end of the article. This kind of sorrow is far from the indifferent spring sorrow and parting sorrow in Li Qingzhao's early poems. It combines the pain of national subjugation, the pain of widowhood and the pain of demotion, and it is particularly profound and heavy. Fourteen overlapping words were used at the beginning, which described in detail her psychological process of "trouble comes from this and can't be cut off". "Searching" includes thinking about lost memories and recalling the past. This search can only make her feel more lonely in reality. Therefore, "cold and clear", feel the outside first; "Sadness and pain", I have feelings inside, so I can't get rid of it. But the whole word does not directly say sadness except the end of the sentence, but sets off the sad mood by depicting the cold and desolate environment. No matter how cold and warm the weather is, the faint smell of wine, the autumn wind blowing violently at night, the wild geese in the sky, the yellow flowers on the ground, the phoenix tree outside the window, and the drizzle at dusk are all concerned, all help, all worry, and they simply collide and become a sad world. Life has given her too much mental pressure, so it is no wonder that what she said can't be contained in a word "worry". The word is quite unique in art. The predecessors unanimously praised the author's creative use of so many overlapping words, just like "pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade" Later, many lyrics and songs imitated this writing, which was not as surprising and natural as she used. Words such as "Watch the Window" and "How Can One Be Black" are almost pure vernacular, and they all describe ordinary daily life, but they typically show the author's lonely life situation in his later years. The tone of the word is named "slow voice", so the tone is particularly particular. Many words that rhyme with two tones are used, such as dying, sadness, yellow flower, haggard, and what's more, dusk and dripping water are all double tones; Cold and cheerless, cold and warm, light and shade are all rhymes. Li Qingzhao advocated distinguishing five tones in her ci. This word uses a lot of dental sounds and tongue sounds: dental sounds 4 1 word, tongue sounds 16 word, and * * * 57 words, accounting for more than half of the whole word. Especially at the end of the article, "phoenix tree is raining, dripping at dusk." This time, what a sad sentence! " In more than 20 words, the sounds of tongue and teeth overlap, which seems to be a deliberate expression of melancholy and dreamy mood in the tone of Ding Ning, a rodent. These, after dismal management, have no traces of carving. At the same time, his exquisite conception and peculiar brushwork also make people admire his artistic skill.
Su Ci occupies a special position in the history of Ci, which opens up a new world for Ci. Su Shi, with his unrestrained talent, penetrated into all aspects of social life, such as reminiscing about the past, writing scenery and chanting things, family friendship, pastoral scenery and Zen. It broke through the stereotype of "gorgeous" words, raised the social function of words to the same height as poetry, and fully expressed the life and spiritual outlook of literati. Su Shi deliberately broke through the boundary of "poetic rhyme" and collected a large number of bold works with free brushwork, creating a new generation of ci style. He is very poetic.
Poetic language has formed the characteristics of "taking poetry as a word" in Su Ci, and at the same time, it has changed the status of Ci from music to independent lyric poetry. Boldness is the main style of Su Ci. In boldness, there is sometimes a sense of broadmindedness. Masterpieces such as "Jiangchengzi? Hunting in Michigan, Suburb? Chibi nostalgia. Express the beautiful feelings of pursuing ideals and loving life. For example, "Water Tune"? Travel with children. The style of love stories and poems about objects is graceful and restrained. Such as "Jiangchengzi?" "Impinging? The Second Rhyme of Zhang Zhifu Huayang Ci