As we all know, Jian 'an literati poetry is developed on the basis of Han Yuefu folk songs. Cao Cao's existing works are all about Yuefu, all of which were presented on the same day to promote Excellence. The folk songs in Yuefu are originally social and mass creations, expressing the feelings and concepts of many people in society. As literati, their creation is more of a personality factor. Cao Cao is the first poet in the history of literature who wrote a large number of Yuefu poems. His creation marks the transformation of Yuefu poems from social works to personal works. Poems that directly express the hero's embrace, such as "Short Songs" and "Out of Xiamen", are of course far from the traditional Yuefu poems. And specious poems like Qiu are even more subtle to read. Moreover, although the language of this poem is rough, the realm is quite beautiful, which shows the side of Cao Cao's character that is not often revealed. Because the original poem is long and the story is gradual, the following sections quote and analyze it for the convenience of reading and understanding.
It is difficult to leave this mountain in the morning. It is difficult to leave this mountain in the morning. Newton couldn't afford it, and the car fell into the valley. Sitting on the rock, playing banjo, giving off clear rhyme, confused inside. Song Biao Zhi, Shan Chen San. (a solution)
Sanguan Mountain, when referred to as Dashanling, is in the southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Related to the mountains, it is called "Three Passes" or "Big Three Passes" (Lu You's poem "The Big Three Passes of Iron Horse and Autumn Wind", that is). As the throat of the Qinling Mountains, it strangled the Sichuan-Shaanxi traffic tunnel and was an important military place in ancient times. Cao Cao was released from Chencang in April of 2 15 (the twentieth year of Jian 'an). 6 1 year-old, he made outstanding achievements in his life, but only five years before his death. This poem was written by Cao Cao in his later years.
The first two sentences are repeated, and they are deliberately lengthened to meet the needs of the song. Note: the last two sentences of each "solution" are the harmony when singing, which has no practical significance. But from the actual effect, this repetition makes the sigh particularly heavy. Here, the poet didn't really lament the difficulty of the road. No matter Cao Cao's heroic character or the conditions enjoyed by the post of prime minister, he will not take the hardships of the road seriously. This tone of singing and sighing is just to express the feeling of life's hardship through the hardships of the road. The following description is a cow trapped in a car, sitting alone on a rock, playing the piano with clear rhyme (sad tune), which is an imagination and fiction inspired by customs clearance experience. As Cao Cao, he made up such a difficult journey for himself, a sleepy valley, sitting alone without companions, suffering in his heart. This is very interesting.
In the eyes of ordinary people, Cao Cao is either a treacherous and insidious careerist or an all-powerful and arrogant hero. But from Cao Cao himself, things are far from so simple. When he rose from the turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, he did not expect his later success. Only in the fierce conflict with various political and military forces, there is no retreat, no survival without defeating the enemy, and gradually become the actual ruler of the north. In this process, it is full of hardships and dangers. Everyone is familiar with his experience of repeatedly fighting against domestic and foreign enemies and repeatedly escaping from danger just because of his salary. Needless to say. Shortly before Cao Cao wrote this poem, another incident happened, that is, the emperor Fu and his father murdered him, and the emperor himself was probably involved. This kind of dangerous environment, treading on thin ice, will inevitably make him worry that once he slips. Besides, the ideal is always higher than the reality, and nothing that has been obtained can meet people's psychological needs. Even, the more brilliant people are, the easier it is to feel that individuals are just tools for history to achieve their goals, and individuals are essentially insignificant. A person has achieved a great career with his life, and this career is separated from life itself in the final analysis. In this case, the hero realized the loneliness of life more deeply. Cao Cao was not satisfied with his success when he died, but arranged many trivial daily affairs, which seemed to be inconsistent with his heroic temperament; In fact, this reflects Cao Cao's nostalgia and confusion about life itself. It is not surprising to understand the realm expressed in the first section of Autumn from the above psychology.
This section is about meeting immortals. Just as the fictional hero was playing the piano to express his inner troubles, suddenly three old people came to his side. The "burden" is not easy to solve, and the "quilt" is covered with leather. This sentence, like the next one, probably means that three old people are hiding under large leather coats and don't look like ordinary people. They asked the hero: Why are you so miserable and feel sorry for yourself? What are you looking for here in a hurry? This kind of plot makes the story develop in a miraculous direction, forming a fantastic interest, which is convenient for symbolic lyric expression. On the one hand, the questioning of "the third husband" further strengthens the difficult atmosphere of "boredom in the heart" mentioned in the last section from the perspective of a bystander, on the other hand, it unconsciously turns the plot of having to stumble (Newton's car fell) into the plot of wanting something to come here. Literally, because it is an uninformed question, it is not contradictory to the previous article; But from the need of lyricism, the author tries to express a desire to get rid of realistic contradictions and explore a new way out of life. Although this paragraph is not very particular, it has completed a transition quite skillfully.
I live in Kunlun Mountain, the so-called real person. I live in Kunlun Mountain, the so-called real person. The depth of the Tao can be obtained, the famous mountains and historical views, the octupole line, the pillow stone washing, the spring drunk. Hesitate, and then ascend to heaven. I live in Kunlun Mountain. (Three solutions)
This passage from the beginning to the sentence "pillow stone" is the fairy's self-report. Originally, they all seemed to be ordinary people. Because of their profound practice, they can get the Tao, so they get rid of the shackles of ordinary people, roam freely in famous mountains and rivers, and walk on the nine heavens between heaven and earth. Their life is simple and there are no requirements. When they are tired, they sleep on the rocks. When they are thirsty, they just need to drink a little spring water Therefore, there is no endless suffering brought by greed.
All kinds of data prove that Cao Cao does not believe in immortals. Then, this fiction has a deeper meaning. Generally speaking, even a person who doesn't believe in immortals can't get rid of the troubles brought by the short life and the yearning for eternal existence, and the image of immortals is the symbol of eternity. From a small perspective, immortals can also be compared to the realm of liberation from secular contradictions. Power and status, material desire and lust are the root causes of human competition and countless conflicts and troubles. If we can give up all this, we will surpass the pain of real life. "Pillow stones wash streams and drink springs". Without the struggle with the world, there is no trouble. As for the whole paragraph, it is uncertain from which aspect or both. The meaning of literary image is always very broad, and readers only need to understand it as a symbol of transcendence and freedom.
If the protagonist listens to the words of "real people", that is, immortals, and then reads them according to them, the poem will become a real immortal poem, and it will have little taste. In Cao Cao's works, the hero's response to the statement of "real people" is "indecision"; Just as he hesitated, the "real person" had abandoned him and "ascended to heaven". This may mean that the so-called eternal freedom is an elusive illusion, just annoying; It may also mean that the so-called separation from reality is just an illusion, and in fact it is impossible to make such a choice. Indeed, if we can see from Cao Cao's arrangement of trivial matters when he died, all brilliant undertakings are things other than life, but we should also know the opposite: a hero like him can't satisfy his desire for life without extraordinary achievements. Man is essentially a contradictory existence: he must build himself on an object, but this object is still not himself; On the other hand, however, there is no object, but there is no self at all.
If you can't catch up, long hatred will lead to climbing. If you can't catch up, long hatred will lead to climbing. Sleep soundly every night and feel sorry for yourself. Righteousness without criticism, endowed with cause, passed down from the world to the west. Song expresses ambition, which cannot be pursued. (Four solutions)
This passage from "correct but not critical" has been incomprehensible, and perhaps it has made mistakes in circulation. But from the beginning of "melancholy to self-pity", the meaning is very clear. The master is just "indecisive" and the "real person" has "ascended to heaven". He suddenly realized that he wanted to catch up, but he couldn't catch up at all. I lost such an opportunity. From now on, I regret it. I can't sleep at night. I feel sorry for myself. This paragraph is very beautiful and moving in the description of visual image. As if we could see, three immortals Ran Ran took off slowly and gradually disappeared on the horizon, while ordinary people in the valley, while raising their heads and shouting, stumbled and ran over kudzu vine and rocks from time to time until they could see nothing, and finally shed tears of regret.
The feelings of life written here should be people's pursuit of a perfect life ideal. This ideal is created by people themselves, but it is always higher than the reality of people's life; People want to catch up with it, but they will never catch up. Man has lived his whole life in endless pursuit. For people who are content with the status quo and easy to satisfy, they may not feel that life has such a pain; But anyone who has a strong desire for life will eventually understand that no matter how far he has gone and how many successes he has had, he will eventually stumble on the road of chasing.
The author of the second poem thinks that "the world is long, but the world is short", hoping to get the magic medicine and prolong life. But I knew it was a fantasy, so I comforted myself: "What does it mean to laugh? What do you want?" ! Although the poet is old, his ambition never dies. He said, "If you don't worry about the future, you will die if you worry about the world." As an outstanding politician, his unique life values have been integrated into the universal consciousness of a miserable life. Although Qiu Tiger's two poems are poems about immortals, the author has doubts about the theory of immortals. He once publicly declared that "sex does not believe in destiny" ("Let the princess know her destiny"). Therefore, his wandering around immortals is only a form of banishing inner anguish, and his wandering around immortals poems often contain his strong concern for real politics.
No matter how wandering and lamenting Cao Cao and his people are when he writes poems, no matter how ambitious and ambitious he is, his position in the history of literature and poetry is as firm as that of later generations. Even so, his poetic achievements may have surpassed his political achievements, or at least the degree of recognition is beyond his imagination when writing.
Learning Cao Cao's poems really goes hand in hand with learning history. After studying some time ago, I finally came to an end temporarily in this history.
End the Cao Cao era.