Dou (dòu), cave. Dog sinus: a wall hole for dogs to enter and exit.
Lv: Traveling, plants grow wild without sowing.
The whole poem is as follows:
"Fifteen Years of Military Conquests"?
Author: Anonymous
Fifteen Years of Military Conquests, Only Eighty Years of Success Return.
Dao meets a fellow villager: Who is there at home?
Looking from a distance, it is Jun’s house, with numerous pine and cypress tombs.
The rabbit enters from the dog's sinus, and the pheasant flies from the beam.
The atrium produces the valley, and the well produces the sunflower.
Pulse grain to make rice, and pick sunflowers to make soup.
The soup and rice are cooked for a while, but I don’t know who will eat them!
When I went out and looked eastward, my clothes were stained with tears.
This poem depicts the image of a veteran whose family has been destroyed, and accuses the Han Dynasty of the deep suffering caused by the military service system to the people. When he was young, he left home and came back as an old man. What he saw was that "the family was full of pine trees and cypresses", the courtyard was deserted, and there was not even a single person who could speak desolately. He had no choice but to "go out and look eastward", and he burst into tears. How many accusations of blood and tears, how much bitterness of life, are all condensed in that silently looking figure. The poem selects the scene of the veteran returning to his hometown to bring an end to his miserable life.
This is a narrative poem. The poem follows the character's process of returning home, describing it from far to near, one by one, and is very layered. The emotions of the characters also change with the change of scenes, from initial enthusiasm to pain, and into despair. Although the poem does not have too many positive descriptions of the veteran's mood, one can still feel a deeper and deeper sorrow from the description of the scene.
This poem depicts the tragic fate of the characters through the description of scenery and actions. For example, the author chose pines, cypresses, and graves that symbolize death to imply the death of the veterans' relatives and friends; he also described the sceneries of rabbits and pheasants inhabiting the house and cornflowers growing in the courtyard to illustrate the dilapidation of the veterans' homes. The action of picking sunflowers to make soup and "I don't know who I am hurting" shows the loneliness of the veteran; especially the action of "going out and looking eastward" depicts the veteran's sadness, even trance and dull expression. The mood is tear-jerking.
The whole poem highlights the image of the old soldier who "served in the army at the age of 15 and returned home at the age of 80". It also focuses on portraying the image of "home" and only writes the word "village" in one stroke. The image of "people" is also very distinct. The weather-beaten, old and anxious old man, the unscrupulous and outspoken villagers, the home with decaying grass and ancient cypresses and barren graves, all together constitute a real and moving picture with a socially significant theme, which typically reflects the society of the Han Dynasty. A side of reality. In particular, the contrasting narration between the protagonist and his family pushes the theme and artistic level of the work to a new level: a man who has served in the military for sixty-five years is actually the only survivor of his family. For relatives who have not served in the military, the pine and cypress trees on their graves are already lush and lush. It is conceivable that their poor and miserable lives are not as good as the soldiers who may die every moment; the work is specifically about the protagonist who has been fighting for the country for sixty-five years but failed. The misfortune and misfortune of being unable to return home, and being homeless when he returned home. Compared with his misfortunes and those of his relatives who had no choice but to walk into silent, dark, and cold graves, he felt miserable. He is the "lucky one". In this way, the work not only exposes the darkness and sin of the feudal military service system, not only expresses the misfortune of an eighty-year-old man, but also reflects the darkness of the entire social reality at that time, expressing the misfortune and misfortune of the entire people that is deeper than individual misfortune. The decline of society and the turmoil of the times have sublimated the theme of the work. The whole poem is both concise and profound. The selection and tailoring of the content and the arrangement of the structure are all just right and original. It has well received the "meaning behind the words", the main idea is both spoken and unspoken, the artistic conception is profound, and the charm is long. artistic effect.
It is precisely because he joined the army in the 15th year and returned in the 80th year. During this period, he lost contact with his family for decades and knew nothing about the situation at home. The veteran was eager to know the situation at home, so , which also
The album "Fifteen Military Expeditions"
naturally leads to the following - the conversation between the veterans and the villagers on their way back home. The old soldier, "meeting a fellow countryman," couldn't wait to ask: "Who is there at home?" The "townshipman" replied: "Looking from a distance, it is Jun's house, with numerous pine and cypress tombs." A poem by Song Zhiwen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty: " "I am even more timid when I'm close to my hometown, and I don't dare to ask the stranger" ("Crossing the Han River"), which reflects his ambivalence on the way back to his hometown after a long absence. The writing style of this poem is different, but he reaches the same destination by different routes. Song Zhiwen's poem expresses his urgent desire to understand the situation at home on his way back home, while this poem is straightforward. Both show the true emotions of people who have returned home after a long absence. The answer of the "countryside people" in this poem is very clever. It does not explicitly say who else is in the veteran's family, but just points to the numerous high graves covered with pines and cypresses in the distance and says: "That is your home." The implication is that The meaning is: "There is no one else in your family." In fact, the "countryside people" answered this way because they couldn't bear to tell the truth, fearing that the veteran would not be able to bear the pain of family ruin and death. Such ink is obviously used to describe sadness in a sad scene, which also echoes the following text.
What is the situation like at home among veterans? What is his mood like? The four sentences of "Rabbit Cong" follow the above description.
What the veteran saw after arriving home was: rabbits came in and out of dog holes, pheasants flew around on the beams; "Lvgu" grew in the courtyard, and "Lvkui" grew on the well platform. "Rabbit" and "pheasant" (pheasant) are both animals, one is in "Gou Dou" (below) and the other is in "Liangshang" (above); "Lugu" and "Lukui" are both unplanted As for the plants that grow by themselves, one is in the "courtyard" (in the courtyard) and the other is in the "well" (on the well platform). What a sad scene these animals and plants in different directions create here! The direct cause of this scene is that there is no one at home among the veterans. And there is no one at home, so who caused it? The poem does not state this explicitly, which leaves room for the reader's imagination. These lines of poems still use sad scenes to describe sadness, and use desolate scenes to highlight the sadness in the hearts of veterans. What makes the veteran even more sad is that he used "Lvgu" to cook rice and "Lvkui" to make soup. It didn't take long to cook it, but he didn't know who to give the rice and soup to, that is, he had no relatives. Enjoyed it. This is exactly what the four sentences "Chong Gu" express. The veteran returns home alone, with no relatives at home, and in the end he is still alone. This not only echoes the above - the responses of the villagers and the scenes the veterans saw after returning home, but also continues to use sad scenes to describe grief.
The last two lines of the poem further express the sadness in the veteran's heart through the description of his movements. Here, the details of the veteran going out to look around ("Looking eastward") and the old man crying ("the tears fell on my clothes") are highlighted, vividly portraying the image of the unaccompanied and lonely veteran, and making him grief-stricken. The confusion is vividly expressed. Just imagine, he "served in the army at the age of fifteen and returned home at the age of eighty." He has no relatives at home and only has a desolate scene. How can he not feel sad about it? What will the future life be like? How could he not feel confused? Who caused his tragic experience? Although the poem does not say it explicitly, it is not difficult to see this as long as we relate to the background of the times when the poem was produced. According to Wu Jing's "Explanations of Ancient Yuefu Inscriptions", this poem was composed into Yuefu during the Jin Dynasty, and it can be regarded as a work during the wars of the Han and Wei dynasties. It was the militaristic rulers and endless wars at that time that caused the veteran's tragic experience. Reflecting the tragic experience of the veteran also reflects the tragic experience of the common people under the heavy oppression of corvee at that time, and profoundly exposes the dark social reality at that time.
This poem is structured around the veteran's experience of returning home and his emotional changes, which is clever and natural. His experience of returning home is: first returning home→on the way home→returning home→"going out and looking eastward"; his emotional changes are: anxious to go home, anxious to know "who is at home?", full of hope of reunion with relatives ( On the way home)→Fruited hope→Completely disappointed (returning home, the scene is desolate and no one is there)→Sad and crying, feeling at a loss ("Go out and look eastward"). These are attributed to the theme of poetry that exposes the dark social reality. The whole poem uses line drawing techniques to describe scenes and people, with clear layers and simple language. It also uses sad scenes to describe sorrow, which is sincere and unique. It also embodies the artistic characteristics of the lyrical scene of Han Dynasty Yuefu.