Let’s talk about the artistic characteristics of “Xiao Ling Ci”
The development of a thing is connected with the outside world, and it cannot exist in isolation in this world.< /p>
Of course, Xiaoling’s development is no exception. In the Song Dynasty, poetry became a new metrical poetry style that could compete with Tang poetry.
Next, we will briefly analyze the artistic characteristics of "Xiao Ling Ci" from the three aspects of inheritance, development and improvement based on specific writers and works.
According to Mr. Xia Chengtao’s research: The Tang Dynasty was the period when Xiaoling originated, and Xiaoling at that time came from the drinking order.
It is a special name for the lyrics and rhymes of songs sung during banquets.
This establishes Xiaoling’s concise and implicit formal characteristics. Because the two Song dynasties were the heyday of Ci, the following examples refer to the Song period
For the Ci poets in the early Northern Song Dynasty, what they initially chose and loved was still the short, concise and easy-to-control Xiaoling form. .
The main representative writers of this period include Kou Zhun, Lin Bu, Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and so on.
Let’s first take a look at the style of writing of several writers. The first is Kou Zhun: ("Jiangnan Spring")
The waves are misty and Liu Yiyi. The grass in the isolated village is far away, and the apricot blossoms are flying in the setting sun. Spring in the south of the Yangtze River is far away from the heart, and the people in Tingzhou have not returned.
This word uses clear, graceful, soft and sentimental brushstrokes, starting from the scene, using complex, expressing feelings with the scene, and blending the scenes to express the woman's feelings of cherishing others and hurting spring.
The first four sentences outline a picture of late spring in the south of the Yangtze River:
The waves are misty, the willows are Yiyi" and "the apricot flowers in the isolated village" are a depressing and desolate scene.
The two sentences at the end inherit the layers of rendering and foreshadowing of the previous scene description. They express the heart directly and deeply. They also express the heroine's sorrow of separation vividly.
It makes people feel that she is in the prime of her youth. Passing by in the long wait of loneliness
Let’s take a look at this poem, is it like this?
Let’s take a look at Lin Bu’s works: ("Dian Lips")
p>Who is the master of the chaotic spring scenery in the golden valley? The ground is covered with mist and rain.
It’s time to leave the pavilion and see countless luxuriant flowers. Roads from north to south and east to west.
This is a masterpiece among poems about things.
The whole poem uses fresh and ethereal brushstrokes to express emotions in the objects and convey deep meanings. It expresses the sorrow of separation through chanting spring grass.
. The whole poem combines poetry and lyricism, and the melancholy and tenderness of the objects embody the endless sadness of separation.
"The remaining flowers". Two sentences are written about the spring color withering in the drizzle in the ownerless garden, the gorgeous flowers have fallen one after another, and even the sparse remaining flowers on the branches have disappeared with the drizzle.
The ground is covered with misty rain." The realm is vast and the mood is sad. Although the flowers are falling from the rain and the pen is painted, it contains the meaning of the grass being flourishing and the people being sparse.
Seeing "spring comes back in a hurry", the poet showed helpless melancholy.
The poets' lyrics in this period generally inherited the style of "Huajian", the two masters of the Southern Tang Dynasty and Feng Yansi.
Although there is no big breakthrough in the content of Xiaoling's creations compared with those of Xiaoling in the Tang and Five Dynasties, the style and artistic techniques of his poetry are different from those of the Tang and Five Dynasties, especially in terms of temperament. Showing a clearly different look.
Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu are the main representatives of this small change:
Look at the example lyrics (Yan Shu in "Huanxisha")
A new song and a glass of wine, Last year's weather old pavilion.
When will the sunset return? There is no choice but the flowers fall away,
The familiar swallow returns. The fragrant path in the small garden wanders alone.
At first glance, this word does have the meaning of cherishing spring, but except for one or two words that slightly refer to fragrance, the whole article appears to be very elegant and well-proportioned.
But appreciate the context and flavor of the words carefully. But you can find that kind of graceful and wealthy "style", a kind of elegant and generous "demeanor".
"There is no choice but the flowers are falling, and it seems that the swallows are returning." Although the flowers are falling and the swallows are returning, once they are associated with "there is nothing to do" and "the swallows are returning,"
The connotation becomes very broad, with the symbolic meaning of beautiful things.
The intertwining of regret and relief contains a certain philosophy of life, and also shows the author's sense of happiness and contentment.
Let’s look at another example
("Picking Mulberries" by Ouyang Xiu)
Painting boats carrying wine, the West Lake is good, urgent pipes and complicated strings, jade lamps urging transmission , Stable and flat waves, allowing you to sleep drunkenly.
The clouds are moving but under the boat, the water in the sky is clear and fresh. I look up and linger, thinking that there is a special sky in the lake.
In fact, the feeling of satisfaction is wandering alone in the fragrant path of the small garden.
If there is no small garden and fragrant path, it can be said to be lonely. This song Huanxisha is very famous. We will discuss this issue later.
("Picking Mulberries" by Ouyang Xiu)
The West Lake is good for painting boats carrying wine, with urgent pipes and complicated strings, and jade cups urging the transmission, and steady and smooth waves for people to sleep drunkenly.
The clouds are moving but under the boat, the water in the sky is clear and fresh. I look up and linger, thinking that there is a special sky in the lake.
This poem describes the lively atmosphere of a boat trip on the lake with strings and bamboos playing in unison and wine glasses being passed around frequently.
The next part is about being drunk and sleeping on a boat, looking down at the lake, but seeing clouds floating under the boat, which makes people wonder that there is a different world in the lake.
It embodies a sense of wealth and peace of the times everywhere, giving people a relaxed and happy feeling, which is completely different from the previous poems about spring.
From the above analysis, we have to admit that the emergence of "Yan Ou Ci Style" has opened up a new direction for the development of Xiaoling Ci. It is also moving from a gorgeous and graceful style to a fresh and elegant style. direction of development.
2. The development of Xiaoling Ci - fresh and sparse, with elegant phonology
1. Fresh and sparse
Speaking of the improvement of Xiaoling, Yan Shu As a typical representative of "Kun Ti", his works can best express this fresh and sparse artistic characteristics, including his later student Ouyang Xiu, his son Yan Jidao, and some subsequent Xiaoling writers who all moved towards him. developed in this direction.
"Yan Ou's Ci style", they developed from the despicable style to the fresh and elegant direction. Of course, apart from the two of them, we can still see this feature in the works of other writers.
Here are some examples of the works of poets such as Yan Jidao and Li Qingzhao:
( "Youth Travel" by Yan Jidao)
The best thing is to be away from many things. The east and west are flowing, and they will eventually meet. The shallow love finally seems like a wandering cloud, still in the dream soul.
Poor people's wishes are thinner than clouds and water, and a good meeting is even more difficult. If I think about it carefully, I have experienced heartbreak in many places, which is not the same as today.
In terms of wording, Yan Jidao often uses ordinary language, such as "poor people's thoughts are thinner than clouds and water". Although there are only a few words, they can often express deep feelings.
As Feng Xu said, "All the plain words have flavor, and all the simple words have meaning. It is rare to find a match between the two poets of the Song Dynasty."
The effect of leaving readers with endless aftertaste. The language he uses in ordinary language and folk songs makes people read it fresh, natural, elegant and true.
Let's take another look at Li Qingzhao's
(Li Qingzhao in "The Resentful King and Sun")
The wind and waves on the lake are vast, autumn is late, and there are few reds and fragrances. The scenery of water, light, mountains and being close to people are indescribable and infinitely good.
The lotus seeds have become old lotus leaves, washed with clear dew and apple blossoms. The gulls and herons sleeping in the sand do not look back, and they seem to hate that people return early.
Here the poet is not lamenting the passing scenery such as the sparse lotus flowers and withered lotus leaves, but is interested in getting close to the "waters and mountains" and tasting the "infinite" beauty of nature. Wonderful,
uses a poetic brush to outline a beautiful and moving late autumn lake scenery.
Give people a relaxed and happy feeling. The author expresses the taste and mood of her early life in a unique way. The state is beautiful and pleasant, and the short size gives people enough enjoyment of beauty.
2. Elegant pronunciation
The poets of the Northern Song Dynasty were proficient in musical rhythm. Their works emphasized rhythm and phonology, and sometimes even focused on the matching of four tones.
In addition, " There are two standards for "Elegant Ci", one of which is musical rhythm.
As Xiaoling’s last professional writer, Yan Jidao is a typical representative of this characteristic:.
("Partridge Sky" by Yan Jidao)
The colorful sleeves held the jade bell diligently, but they were drunk and beautiful back then. Dancing low to the moon in the heart of the willow tower, singing to the wind under the peach blossom fan.
After seeing each other again, we meet again and share our dreams with you. There are only a few silver anus photos left tonight, as if the encounter was a dream.
When Mr. Miao Yue analyzed Xiao Yan's "Partridge Sky", he said: "The second half of this poem describes the surprise of reunion after a long separation" and "uses the beauty of the combination of sound and rhyme to create a confused and hazy dream." ".
Mr. Miao pointed out that among the 27 characters in the second half of the sentence, *** uses 16 yang sounds (with m, n, and ng at the end of the word), and it sounds like "listening to a harmonious piece of music, in which there are often There is a buzzing sound.
Introducing a dream-like realm. Therefore, when we read Yan Jidao's words, we often have an indescribable sense of music.
("Linjiang Immortal" by Yan Jidao)
I first met Doucao in front of the steps, and met me upstairs when I was threading needles. Luoqun is fragrant and jade hairpin style. Beautiful makeup, green eyebrows, blushing pink face.
The flowing water will follow the spring far away, and the flowing clouds will be with whom? When I wake up from drinking, I always regret that the screen is empty. Looking for each other in the dream road, in the rain and falling flowers.
There are 58 characters in the whole poem, and there are as many as 34 characters in the Yang tone. Sometimes a sentence is almost entirely in the Yang tone, such as "I met someone upstairs when I was threading a needle" and "When I wake up from drunkenness, I always regret that the Jinping is empty." . This is the key sentence in the poem, which more accurately expresses the confusion after waking up from a dream. This kind of sound effect
cooperates with the dream, adding the charm of "skylight and cloud shadows, swaying green waves, watching endlessly, and pursuing far away", making readers linger in the lyrical atmosphere of the dream for a long time. .
3. The improvement of Xiaoling Ci - expressing feelings on scenery and profound meaning
When it comes to the improvement of Xiaoling Ci, we must mention the improvement of its expression methods and the diversification of themes. Let’s first talk about the improvement of expressions
The aforementioned “incorporating the sense of life experience into erotic feelings” is a very good way of expressing one’s feelings towards the scene, and its representative figure is Qin Guan , his words can be divided into two categories:
The distant night is as heavy as water, and the wind is tight, and the pavilion is deeply closed. The dream broke and the mouse peeked into the lamp, and the frost sent dawn and cold invaded the quilt. No sleep, no sleep, horses neighing and people rising outside the door.
("Like a Dream" by Qin Guan)
The first category of poets successfully uses the traditional artistic technique of scene blending in Chinese poetry.
There are almost no direct lyrical words in this type of words. The poet's feelings are shown through the description of the scenery and the atmosphere. They are fresh and timeless, implicit and profound, and are chewable.
This word does not directly describe the state of mind, but describes what I saw, heard, and felt after a sleepless night.
The poem describes the long dark night, the strong wind in the post pavilion, the hungry rats peeking into the lamp, the dawn cold invading the quilt, the noisy voices, and the neighing of the post horses, which truly reflects the plight and sadness of being exiled and traveling in captivity.
This is the first category.
The fine clouds make tricks, the flying stars spread hatred, and the silver man travels far away in secret. Once the golden wind and jade dew meet, they will win over countless others in the world.
Tenderness is like water, good times are like dreams, and I can’t bear to look at the Magpie Bridge on the way home. If the love between two people lasts for a long time, how can they be together day and night?
(Qin Guan in "Magpie Bridge Immortal")
The second category is the combination of reality and reality, scenes and emotions, and a blend of scenes.
This type of words not only describes scenery, but also directly expresses emotions. The two are blended in seamlessly and seamlessly.
This poem combines scenery, lyricism and discussion, narrating the mythical story of the love between the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl. It gives the fairy couple a strong human touch and sings the praises of sincerity, delicacy, purity and steadfastness. love.
The poem clearly describes the twin stars in the sky, and implicitly describes the lovers in the world; its lyricism uses happy scenes to describe sorrow, and sad scenes to describe joy, doubling the sorrow and joy. It is soul-stirring and touching when read.
This is the second category
The second homework assignment
Continue to write Yu Gezi
"Yu Gezi", also known as Fisherman , Fisherman's music. Flat rhyme pattern, monotonous, Xiaoling, 5 sentences and 27 words, the first, second, fourth and fifth sentences rhyme with flat tones. The third and fourth sentences are three-character sentences, and dual sentences are used according to convention.
Commonly used patterns
Zhongzhipingpingzhezheping (rhyme), Zhongpingzhongzhezhepingping (rhyme). Ping 廄廄, 廄平平 (rhyme), Zhongpingzhong 廄廄平平 (rhyme).
Try to write "Recalling Jiangnan"
Pingzhongqi, Zhongqizi Pingping (rhyme). Zhongze, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping, Zhongping. Zhong 廄廄平平 (rhyme).