The artistic conception of Wang Wei’s landscape poems
1. The beauty of poetry and painting
Su Shi once commented on Wang Wei’s landscape poems: “The poems of Tao Mojie, There is painting in the poem; when you look at the painting, there is poetry in the painting." Wang Wei wrote a poem when he was 15 years old: "There is a mountain spring coming in, not because of the color painting" ("Inscription on My Friend Mica Shoko"). The poet had natural hills and valleys in his chest when he was a boy. The fusion of poetry and painting, with a strong poetic and artistic flavor, is a distinctive feature of Wang Wei's landscape poetry.
For example, Wang Wei wrote a poem "Zhongnan Mountain" when he was living in seclusion in Zhongnan Mountain: "Taiyi is close to the capital of heaven, with mountains and sea corners. The white clouds look back and merge, and the green and gentle people can see nothing. The peak in the dividing field The weather has changed, the weather has changed, the weather has changed, and the weather has changed. If I want to stay somewhere, I ask the woodcutter across the water." This is Wang Wei's masterpiece of painting and poetry. In just forty words, it is a vivid portrayal of the huge Zhongnan Mountain. . In Zhongnan Mountain, which seems to be connected to the sky and the sea, there are vast clouds and mist, green mist, and under the sunlight, among the thousands of rocks and valleys, the light and color change, and the clouds and sunshine are uncertain. "The peaks change in the field, and the clouds and clears end in ravines." It is a complete painting of green mountains and green water with alternating light and dark. In the last couplet, the poet looks sideways into the distance and asks where he is staying "across the water". The characters' expressions are lifelike, which also fits the meaning of the painting. The distance, light and darkness, movement and stillness of the landscape in the poem are as if they are present. The poet followed the beautiful scenery of Zhongnan and walked deep into the mountain. He didn't realize the sunset and wanted to find a place to stay. He did so according to his own convenience and integrated with the natural beauty of Zhongnan Mountain. These meticulous depictions of the Zhongnan mountain scenery are the result of the author's careful observation of the natural landscape.
2. The beauty of Zen
The poet Wang Wei devoted himself to Zen and studied Zen in his heart. Therefore, in many poems, the Buddha's way is infinite and Zen is full of meaning. "Zen" means "meditation", which means "quiet consideration", that is, calming down and concentrating, eliminating distracting thoughts, and reaching the highest state of unity of things and self. Zen monks and lay people often hide among mountains and rivers to realize the Zen state of tranquility, remoteness, beauty, and the unity of the soul and the natural universe.
Wang Wei devoted himself to Zen practice in the second half of his life. Just as it is said in "The Busan Monk", "Having realized that silence is happiness, there will be more leisure in this life." The poet wrote in "Wangchuan Leisure Residence Presented to Pei Xiu Caidi": "The cold mountains turn green, and the autumn water is gurgling. I lean on the firewood gate and listen to the evening cicadas in the wind. The sun remains on the ferry, and the solitary smoke rises in the ruins. It is my duty to pick up my father again. Drunk, singing wildly in front of the five willows. "In autumn, the colors of the Hanshan Mountains become darker and darker, and the slowly flowing autumn water makes people feel the consistent conservation of nature. Outside Chaimen, leaning against the wind, listening to the chirping of cicadas in the evening trees, the cold mountain springs, watching the sunset over the ferry, and the empty smoke in the ruins, isn't that comfortable demeanor, unrestrained leisurely mood, and unrestrained intoxicated singing, not the realm that Zen Buddhism truly pursues?
3. Sound beauty
Wang Wei’s musical attainments enabled him to capture the sounds of nature with his keen sense of sound in his landscape poetry creation. Through poetic language, he describes the clear sound of natural landscapes, "It doesn't have to be silk and bamboo, the mountains and rivers have clear sounds", conveys the rationale and interest he has experienced, and reveals the harmony between man and nature. For example, it is said in "You Guanhua Temple" that "...the valley is quiet except for the sound of pines, and there is no sound of birds in the deep mountains. The houses on Mount Everest are being demolished, and the golden stream is ringing through the forest..."; in "Qingxi" it is said that "...the sound is noisy and rocks are scattered. In the middle, the color is quiet and deep in the pines. The water chestnuts are floating in the air, and the reeds are reflected in the clear sky..." "Li Chushi's Mountain Residence" says: "...The flowers on the back of the mountain are not blooming, and the trees are still sleeping in the clear day. "The birds chirp"; "...the rain rustles on the pines, and the gurgling water flows through the rocks. They speak quietly in the deep pines, and howl high on the mountain tops." Ridge meets Huanghuachuan"). In these poems, the poet captured the sounds of nature, perhaps to set off the tranquility of the environment, such as "the valley is quiet but the pine trees are ringing, and the mountains are deep without the sound of birds", "the sound is noisy among the rocks, and the color is quiet deep inside the pine trees"; or to describe the beauty of all things in nature Infinite vitality, "The rain rustles on the pines, and the gurgling water flows over the rocks"; or it conveys the poet's leisurely mood, "I am still sleeping in the clear day, and the mountain birds are chirping every now and then."
It can be seen from the above three aspects that Wang Wei relied on his artistic talent and proficiency in Buddhist Zen theory to inherit the foundation of his predecessors' pursuit of the integration of emotion, reason and scene. Above, he combined Zen music with painting into poetry, reaching the state of "being in a state of trance".
Appreciation of the artistic conception of Wang Wei’s landscape poems