Tang Dynasty poet. Unknown font size. Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan) people. Xuanzong became a scholar during the Kaiyuan period. In the late kaiyuan period, he was sent to Hedong Military Curtain, and in Tianbao, he served as Taipusi Qing and Sixun Yuanwailang.
Yin□' s Collection of Heyue Yingling' says: "When I was young, I became a poet, and my name was frivolous. In the evening, I suddenly became a normal person, and my character was awe-inspiring. When I saw the fortress wall, I said that I had traveled all over." There are some colourful poems in Cui Hao's works, which are colorful and frivolous in content, probably written by him when he was young. Later, when he joined the frontier army, his poetic style changed, showing his high-spirited feelings of "being born on the frontier" and "serving the country and going to disaster". Such as writing "Return home and hunt" for young soldiers, and the bow and arrow are flying fast. The ground is full of eagle and dog diseases, and the grass is deep and the fox and rabbit are fat "("The ancient ranger presents the generals in the army "); Write about the scenery in the border area: "The wildfire on the hill is cold and burning, and the lonely peak is wet in the rain." I heard that there was no fighting in western Liaoning, and I was always drunk and slept in the restaurant "("Wild Goose Gate Hu Ren Song "), all of which were masterpieces. His "Long Ganqu" consists of four poems, in which the love affair between men and women in southern water towns is written in question-and-answer style, which is full of folk songs. His most famous poem is The Yellow Crane Tower, which is said to be greatly admired by Li Bai after reading it. It is said that "there is a scene in front of him, and Cui Hao inscribed a poem on it" (Chronicle of Tang Poetry). Song Yanyu's Poems on Canglang said: "Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower should be the first of the seven-character poems of the Tang Dynasty."
Cui Hao (about 74-754) was an important poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and an important figure in the military poetry family. However, his fame spread far and wide, and his poem "Yellow Crane Tower" is even more magnificent. Legend has it that Li Bai, a poet, is very appreciative and admired it. Cui Hao's life story is included in the literary biographies of the two Books of the Tang Dynasty, which are relatively short, and the hatchbacks are combined, which is not as long as the narrative in the Biography of Talented Talents of the Tang Dynasty.
Let's analyze Cui Hao's military poems first, and then talk about other things later.
Cui Hao's military poems can be roughly divided into the following two categories: first, they describe the situation of the enemy and ourselves and the situation of the frontier fortress. Choose two songs here: 1. "Work in Western Liaoning": "Yanjiao Fang is late, and the residual snow freezes the border town. In April, the grass is green, and Liaoyang is born in spring. The conference semifinals are herding horses, and the Han Dynasty will recruit soldiers every day. The heavy treasure knife is wet, and the sand is empty and the golden drum is ringing. The cold clothes are exhausted, and who will be the spring clothes? Send a message to the ambassador of Luoyang to spread the feelings of the border. " The poem "Work in Western Liaoning" is also nicknamed "A Journey to the Kansai". The poem begins with the landscape that chants the frontier season and season, and talks about the nomadic life of the Hu people and the recruitment and preparation of the Han people, and then to the bitterness of the border defense environment, the hardship of military life and the yearning for their hometown. The whole poem is naturally divided into two meaning blocks: the first six sentences tell about the scenery and people after the spring comes, and the last six sentences tell about the shape and feelings under the chill. In the first six sentences, the poet first narrates the spring in the frontier fortress by comparing the seasons. At the beginning, he said that the flowers and plants outside the Great Wall in the outer suburbs of Yandi are sprouting very late every year, and the grass and flowers are already fragrant in the mainland, but there are still frozen ice and snow in the border town. The grass didn't grow until April, and the spring tide rippled after the glacier disappeared in the north of Liaohe River. This season is the beginning of Hu people grazing horses and carefully managing livestock (when the horses are fat and abundant in autumn, it is the time to point soldiers on the battlefield in autumn), and the Han army is also in the season of recruiting and preparing for war (preparing for the autumn war). When the last six sentences were changed, the first six sentences were suddenly abandoned, and the wet and cold dew appeared on the nod after the night shift. Then there was the crash of the whole body armor caused by the vibration when the foot stumbled in the sand nest during the patrol. The cold spring in the border is so deep that all the cold clothes have been put on; I think the weather will really warm up soon. Who should be expected to sew the spring clothes for that time? There happens to be an emissary from Luoyang who can take a message. Please ask him to inform and convey the feelings beyond the Great Wall and guard the expectations and thoughts of the frontier people! It seems that this border jam and lack of spring clothes depend on Luoyang to make this trip back to the Central Plains and ask someone to sew it. Therefore, although the technical and tactical connotations of ancient and modern wars have undergone great changes, the basic macro situation remains the same: one is that it is still bitter to defend the border; Another is the difficulty of supply, which is still the case now. Although the resources and means have been improved unparalleled in ancient times, the supply in peacetime and wartime, especially in border defense, is still the most important. 2. "The Song of the Hu People in Yanmen": "The mountain generation county meets Yan in the east, and the Hu people in Yanmen are near. You see, a Hu people untied the rope of the falcon's foot, let it fly out to hunt birds, oneself then riding when the real estate horse ma chi in the broad autumn, the hunting. The wildfire on the hill is cold and burning, and the lonely peak in the fog is wet as smoke. I heard that there was no fighting in western Liaoning, and I was always drunk and slept in the restaurant. " This Cui Hao is really interesting. Other poets have wars or leisure when writing frontier fortress, but the wars are mostly for both sides, and the leisure is mostly for the Chinese side. Even if someone writes about the enemy, it is just a sentence or two, and there is no leisure for writing the whole poem about the enemy. But this Cui Hao is creative, and Leng wrote this song "Hu Ren's wild song". The first couplet explained the location, saying that the Hu people's pastoral residence was near Yanmenguan. Zhuan Lian tells about the hunting of the Hu people. On the one hand, falcons are released to catch birds, and on the other hand, vigorous Hu people's generals chase hunting animals with steps instead of horses. Neck couplets tell the story of cooking in the rain, holding a cage fire and barbecuing game on the hill in the cold. In the fog, only the lonely peak in front of you and the smoke from the damp fire can be seen. Tail couplet is a sketch of peace and tranquility: there is no war in western Liaoning, which would be great. People are so carefree that they can drink as they like, and they can sleep in hotels at will without scruple. How beautiful peace is! Second, send gifts to friends and colleagues and express feelings. Here are four songs: 1. "To the Governor of Liangzhou": "Wen Jun is a general of the Han Dynasty, and Lu rode to invade the south. Go out to clear the desert and return home to worship the feather forest. The wind and frost are bitter, and the years are deep. For the ambassador of Xihe River, I know how to serve my country. " This is a five-character quatrain. Look at the meaning of the poem, it seems that this viceroy Zhang was transferred back to the mainland after the frontier fortress made meritorious deeds. At the moment, he was in a hurry and went to the frontier to work again. Cui Hao, who gave the poem, sincerely trusted and admired him. The first is praise, saying that as long as the border enemies hear that you are a general, they will not dare to invade the south again. Going out to the frontier is enough to make the desert quiet and stop the war. When you return to the DPRK, you can shoulder the heavy responsibility of General Yu Lin, who is trusted by the king. I know the integrity of your loyal minister in the weather-beaten, and the deep kindness of the king is accumulated in the long years. Please take a message to our envoy in Hexi for me (most people think that "Xihe" here is a mistake of "Hexi"), and my patriotism is also sincere! It seems that this Cui Hao is really a bit high-spirited. Seeing friends guarding the border will be good, and he is also passionate. It's just that his passion finally didn't get a chance to burn. What a pity! 2, "To Wang Weigu": "Thirty feather forest generals, born in a common place. Spring breeze blowing shallow grass, hunting and riding. Take care of your feathers and sing a new bow. Shoot the elk into the deep valley and drink the horse into the wild spring. Immediately * * * pour wine and talk about cutting fresh in the wild. You can't drink before you look at it. The bonfire never stops, and Hu Chen is high in the sky. Long drive to save the northeast, war to solve the city is also complete. Going to the country to go to disaster has always been * * *. " This Cui Hao has a free and easy way to write poetry. In his eyes, frontier feelings and things not only relax a lot, but also are good at catching those leisurely shots to give you some natural and unrestrained appreciation. This song "To Wang Weigu" is full of this flavor, and it has the same effect as the "Yanmen Hu People's Song" written by the Hu family in front, but the object is the other enemy and this one. This Wang Weigu is obviously a general familiar to Cui Hao. At the age of 3, he became a feather forest general in the king's close quarters, and later he often stationed in the frontier. When the spring breeze blows and the grass is light green, riding and hunting is so chic and casual. Carrying an arrow with a feather, I shoot with an arrow and a bow. Hunt and shoot elk and chase them into the deep valley, and stop drinking horses in the spring of the wilderness. In the excitement of lofty sentiments, drink wine immediately, and enjoy the freshness of game in the wilderness. Who knows, just at this time when the wine was not drunk, the enemy bandits actually made another trip to the secluded place. There are bonfires everywhere in the border post, and the enemy's place is full of dust raised by military forces. The general led his troops into the northeast, and finally lifted the war and saved the border town. It is a noble character and personality to go to the disaster for the country and the people. It has been like this since ancient times! This chic poem is more touching than the one about the Hu people, because it is chic that leads to war, and in the battle, it wins chic and returns to peace again. 3. "Send Chanyu to Pei Duhu to Xihe": "Recruit horses to dance, and the autumn city and the moon are full. Khan is not close to the plug, and everyone wants to go back. Fireworks are used in Han Yi, but Jing Quan is lacking in Hu Sha. Success requires success, not necessarily years. " Judging from the title of the proposed poem, this Cui Hao is really an absent-minded and rambling character, and he made a poem titled "Send Chanyu Peidu to Xihe". If I don't look closely, I thought it was Khan who went to Hexi with Pei Duhu. That's strange. Why did the head of the Xiongnu go with the general of the Han family? Was it a negotiation or a matter of * * *? In fact, the "Khan" here is not the head of Xiongnu, but the abbreviation of "Khan Duhu Fu" established at that time, and Pei Duhu is the chief of Khan Duhu Fu. So, here is Cui Hao's farewell greeting. What did Cui Hao say? Mainly praise, blessing and expectation. The first couplet praised Pei Duhu's graceful manners, and said that it was the full moon when he left. Zhuan Lian means that this news will definitely make the Huns tremble with fear. That border-disturbing Khan should stay away from our border quickly. The necktie is to help Pei Duhu analyze the situation of the frontier fortress: it must be that the wind and smoke in our post station are frequent, and the water source in the enemy's desert is very difficult. On the other hand, Wei Lian eagerly expects that Ma will send back the good news as soon as possible after his success, without waiting for a year to send the message of victory. How confident and heroic you are? 4. "Give a light car": "Go home after a long journey, and go through the spring. Youji mulberry is green, Luoyang silkworm wants to be old. Remembering yesterday's military victory, don't be careless. The bonfire comes from the north, and the border town is often closed early. I met less in my life, and I didn't have to show my arms. Today, I have a good friendship with you in a glass of wine. " It seems that this Cui Hao is such a problem. Isn't this the whole problem of "giving a good car"? Is it a poem given to others when they arrive without pomp, or is it a poem for something without pomp? There are four explanations for the word "light" in ancient times: one is the name of the ancient chariot; The second is a brisk car; The third is the abbreviation of general without pomp; The fourth is the name of the ancient arms, just like the modern people say "motorized troops" or "motorized divisions" and "motorized regiments". After listing it in this way, it is probably clear that the poem "Give a good car" turned out to be the abbreviation of "Give a good car to a general". At a glance, we can see that this poem was given to the general who returned to the mainland without pomp from the border defense. Returning from a distant border is just a long journey in spring. Walking from the border to the mainland shows that the mulberry trees are getting greener and greener, and the silkworms have grown greatly in Luoyang. Recalling yesterday's departure from the military land, it was so hasty and hurried. The smoke of the bonfire comes from the north, and you can see it all the way. The frontier town on the frontier closes the city gate early every day. It's a pity that the generals and teenagers didn't know when they were handsome, and the mind and ambition of serving the country and the people failed to be displayed in time. Today, we meet as friends, and we very much hope to make friends with the general. The first impression that Cui Hao gave us was that he was natural and unrestrained and relieved when he told the side story!
Finally, let's take a moment to appreciate Cui Jun's famous poem The Yellow Crane Tower. The original poem says, "The old man has gone to nothing is left now but the Yellow Crane Terrace by Baiyun. The yellow crane never came back, for thousands of years to see the long white clouds. Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear by sunlit water, and Parrot Island is covered by the sweet grass. But I look toward home, and twilight grows dark, with a mist of grief on the river waves. " This seven laws can be roughly divided into two layers, the first four sentences talk about the loneliness of the immortal's death, and the last four sentences talk about the melancholy of the layman at present. As for the explanations of myths and legends and geographical things in the poem, I won't go into details. Many of others' explanations are very fine, which is much better than my nonsense. Readers may wish to read them themselves. I'm just saying the story of Shinto and Taoism handed down by this poem. This poem was widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and it was regarded as the best paradigm of the seven laws. In fact, this poem is compared according to the commandments of the seven laws, and its awkward sentences and heavy words are taboo. Helpless, this Cui Hao is an expert in creating territory and meaning. The frustration and loss caused by the loneliness of the immortal riding a crane makes you ambiguous. What can you manage? The next thing is that Qing Chuan is vivid in front of me, and the grass is growing, which adds to the immortal's thoughts. Thus, what followed was the homesickness caused by thinking of immortals, and the real worries on the river continued. Aside from the factors later evaluated by Li Bai, do you think this poem should be applauded after reading it? Really good, good lies in its artistic conception. Later, the legend of Li Bai's evaluation made the poem, which was the best of the top grade, even better. According to Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty, after Cui Hao's poem was written and put on the Yellow Crane Tower, Li Bai also went there once. "When Li Bai came, he said,' I can't see the scenery in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it.' Go without doing anything, and gather hands for the philosopher. "Cui Hao's poem actually put a poet to shame, and everyone will stop here in the future, which shows the charm of poetry! Later generations made textual research and thought that it seemed to be imaginary. We also believe this "textual research", let's just make it up for imagination. But two things are true: first, Li Bai really swam across the Yellow Crane Tower, as evidenced by a poem: "An old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. The lonely sail is far from the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. " (a farewell to meng haoran on his way to yangzhou on the Yellow Crane Tower) and another poem "Looking at the Yellow Crane Tower" with five words and ten rhymes can also be used as evidence. Secondly, Li Bai really envies Cui Hao's poem, because at least two of Li Bai's poems are modeled after the Yellow Crane Tower. One is "Nautilus Island", and the poem goes, "Parrots have been to Wujiang River, and Jiangshangzhou spreads the name of parrots. The parrot has flown to the west and back to the long hill, on parrot island the scent of flowers Overflowing green. The spring breeze and warm clouds wind up the fragrance of the orchid, the peach blossoms fall into the river to form layers of brocade waves. At this time, the moving guests are extremely eye-catching, and who is the lonely moon in Changzhou? " The other is "on climbing in nanjing to the terrace of phoenixes", the poem goes "phoenixes that played here once, so that the place was named for them, have abandoned it now to this desolate river. Wu gong flowers are laid in the desolate path, and the number of royal royalty in the Jin dynasty has become a famine. The clouds in the mountains and clouds, such as the blue sky, the river is divided into two rivers. A cloud has arisen between the Light of Heaven and me, to hide his city from my melancholy heart. " Think about it, why does Li Bai want to imitate Cui Hao's model to write such two songs? He must be so envious that he decided to find a theme to try his hand at, so he chose "Nautilus Island and Phoenix Terrace" as his poems. What is the result? I think this should be two evaluations. One is Li Bai himself. He must think that writing like Cui Hao is not a problem, let alone a problem. It is just the artistic conception of Cui's success. If I had another realm, I would be better than him. Therefore, Li Bai's poems always lead with meaning and win in the following time. As for the evaluation of outsiders, I think this imitation of Li Baizhi is really not as good as that of Cui Hao, so we should warn future generations that imitation is a big taboo. But I always feel that Cui Hao's poems are really not excellent except this one. How can they be compared with Li Bai? Later, it was not as good as Li Bai, was Cui arrogant, or was the inspiration not always there? In fact, one of Cui Hao's poems is only an "occasional realization" in an instant, while Li Bai's life is a "thorough understanding" of magnanimity, and the difference between them is just that. Therefore, I think of a saying that is often called "wisdom root" in the Buddhist and Taoist circles. I think that wisdom root is endowed by nature, but it can only be stimulated by cultivation the day after tomorrow to generate wisdom-this is what I said. I am thinking about the conditions for the formation of wisdom: newborn children are similar to each other, it should be said that they all have good wisdom roots, and the remaining question is how to stimulate wisdom. There are two methods in religious circles, one is dedicated practice, and the other is qigong practice. The former lies in the realization of wisdom after meditation, and the latter lies in the sublimation of wisdom after meditation. Maybe a friend asked, how can you practice and become a monk if it is so troublesome? No! I don't know if you have paid attention to the state of mind of books and painters, the kind of concentration and the quietness of Qigong.