The following is an excerpt from the original text of "Twenty-Four Poems":
"Twenty-Four Poems"
Sikong Tu of the Tang Dynasty
The original text of the poem
Strong and vigorous
Using the outer fibula to fill the inner body. Anti-deficiency enters the turbid state, and accumulation of strength becomes strong. It possesses all things and transcends space.
Desolate oil clouds, only a few winds. Beyond the image, you can get within the circle. If you hold on to your strength, you will have endless success.
Dilute it
It is always silent and subtle. Drink the harmony, and the crane will fly alone. The benevolent wind is still flowing on the clothes.
Read the sound and repair the bamboo, and the beautiful words will be returned. The more serious the bandits you encounter, the more hopeless they become. Taking off the appearance is similar, shaking hands is already against the rules.
Slender rice
Collecting flowing water, fluffy spring. In the graceful and deep valley, beauties are often seen. The trees are full of green peaches, and the wind and sunshine are on the waterside.
The road in Liuyin is winding, with wandering warblers nearby. The further you go, the more true your knowledge becomes. If it will never be exhausted, it will be new from the past.
Calm
Green fir house, clear sunset. Taking off my scarf and walking alone, I often hear the sound of birds. If the wild geese do not come, the son will travel far away.
Thinking is not far away, as if it were a lifetime. The sea breeze is clear and the clouds are clear, and the moon is bright at night. If there is a good word, the river lies ahead.
In ancient times
Abnormal people take advantage of the truth and hold hibiscus in their hands. The catastrophe spread across the sky, leaving traces in the sky. The moon rises in the east and the good wind follows.
The night in Taihua is green, and people hear the clear bell. The gods are standing in vain, and the borders are sealed. During the Huang and Tang Dynasties, Xuanzong fell into disgrace.
Elegance
Jade pots are used to buy spring, and rain-watching huts are used. Sitting in the middle is a good scholar, with bamboos on the left and right. The white clouds are beginning to clear, and the birds are chasing each other.
Mianqin is green and shaded, with a waterfall on top. The fallen flowers are speechless, and the people are as pale as chrysanthemums. The age of the book means it can be read.
Refining
Like gold from a mine, silver from lead. Refining with super heart, absolutely loving phosphorus. The empty pool is filled with spring, and the ancient mirror shines upon the gods.
Voxels store cleansing and return to their true nature by the moon. Gaze at the stars and sing songs. The flowing water today is the predecessor of the bright moon.
Jin Jian
The movement of spirit is like the sky, and the movement of Qi is like a rainbow. Wu Gorge is a thousand miles away, wandering through the clouds and connecting with the wind. Drinking Zhenru is strong, accumulating element and keeping it in the middle.
To say that he is doing well is to remain strong. Heaven and earth are in harmony, and the deification is the same. Expect it with reality, and control it with the end.
Beautiful
When God preserves wealth, he begins to light up gold. The thickest one will wither, and the weak one will get deep again and again. By the riverside in the mist, red apricots are in the forest.
The moon is bright in the house, and the painted bridge is green. The golden king is full of wine and plays the piano with the guests. Take what is self-sufficient, and the good and the beautiful will be lost.
Nature
Everywhere you find it is what you find, don’t take away from your neighbors. It's the right time to go, and spring will come when you start. It's like seeing flowers blooming, like looking forward to the new year.
Truth and non-deprivation make it easier to be poor than to be strong. The secluded person is on the empty mountain, picking apples after the rain. Thin words and enlightenment, leisurely Tianjun.
Be subtle
Without a word, you can be romantic. If your words don't involve yourself, you won't be able to bear your worries. There is a true master who rises and falls with him.
Like a bottle full of wine, the flowers turn into autumn. The dust is long and empty, and the sea is wet. Gathering and dispersing in shallow and deep, taking and receiving everything.
Bold and unrestrained
Watching flowers is forbidden, and swallowing the wasteland. If you rebel against the Tao, you will become crazy. The sky is windy and the mountains are green.
Full of true power, everything is around you. Move three chen in front and phoenix in the back. Xiao Ce Liu Ao, wash your feet and hibiscus.
Spirit
The desire to return is endless, and the time comes. The bright ripples are at their lowest point, and the strange flowers are the first to be born. Youth parrot, willow tower.
When people from Bishan come, they drink a deep glass of sake. The anger is far away, and it is not ashes. Wonderful creation of nature, who can control it?
Meticulous
It is authentic and unknowable. The image is about to come to life, and the creation is amazing. The water flows and the flowers bloom, and the clear dew remains.
The longer the journey, the slower the journey. You don’t want to offend when you speak, and you don’t want to be crazy when you think. It's still green in spring, with bright moon and snow.
Sparse wilderness
The house of nature is really unruly. Control things and make yourself rich, and keep pace with the times. Build a house under the pine, take off your hat and read poetry.
But I know the day and night, but I don’t know when. If it is satisfactory, there is no need to do anything. If it is released by heaven, it will be obtained like this.
Qingqingqing
Juanjuan group of pines, with ripples flowing below. The clear snow is full of bamboos, and there are fishing boats across the stream. Pleasant people are like jade, walking in the mountains to find the quiet place.
After looking at it for a long time, the sky is long and green, and the magic is ancient and strange, but it is too light to be accepted. Like the dawn of the moon, like the autumn of Qi.
Resigned
Climb to Taihang, where the greenery surrounds the intestines. Flowing jade and lingering fragrance of flowers. Strength is to time, sound is to Qiang.
It seems like the past has gone back, like a bandit hiding in a dark place. The water swirls and the wind soars. The Tao is not its own instrument, it is round and square with it.
Real Situation
The words are very straightforward and the planning is profound. Suddenly meeting a secluded person is like seeing the heart of the Tao. The song of the clear stream, the shadow of the green pines.
One guest is a woodcutter, and another guest is listening to the harp. Wherever your emotions lead you, you won't find the wonderful things yourself. When I encounter it, it comes from the sky, and the sound is calm and peaceful.
Sadness
The strong wind swept the water and destroyed the trees. It's so painful that you want to die, but you can't find rest. A hundred years old is like a stream, and wealth is cold and gray.
If you are a great talent, you will be mourned on the great road. A strong man flicks his sword, awe-inspiring and sad. The leaves are rustling and falling, the rain is leaking and the moss is green.
Description
Absolutely inactive, never return to innocence. It's like looking for water shadows, like writing about spring. The wind and clouds are changing, and the flowers and plants are in spirit.
The waves of the sea are as rugged as the mountains. They are all like the great road, and the wonderful agreement is the same as the dust. They look very similar to each other, they are from the common people.
Super Achievement
The spirit of the bandit god is as small as a bandit. Like the white clouds and the gentle breeze returning home. If you arrive from afar, you will be gone when you arrive.
There are few Taoist covenants, but they will eventually go against the rules. The mountains and trees are in disorder, and the green moss is fragrant. The more you recite it and think about it, the better the sound becomes.
Elegance
Want to go, but not the same. The crane on the mountain is like the cloud on the top of the mountain. In the paintings of masters, the colors are dense.
The leaves are flying in the wind, and the sky is boundless. If you can't hold on, you will hear it. Those who know it have already understood it, and the more they understand it.
Broad-minded
The living is a hundred years old, how different it is. Joy is short and sorrow is many. How to respect wine and smoke tobacco every day.
The flowers cover the eaves, and the rain passes by. After the wine is poured out, the stick and quinoa are singing. There is no such thing as ancient times, Nanshan E'e.
Flow
If you take in the water, it will be like a pill. How can I say it? A false body is like a fool. The desolate Kun axis, the long Tianshu.
The content must have its end, and the content must be consistent with its character. Super super gods, return to the underworld. It's like going back and forth for thousands of years.
Twenty-Four Poems is a monograph on ancient poetry aesthetics and poetry theory. It was originally mentioned as a picture by Sikong in the late Tang Dynasty, but in fact the author is doubtful. It inherited the aesthetic thoughts of Taoism and metaphysicians, took Taoist philosophy as the main idea, and took the natural indifference as the aesthetic foundation. It included many poetic artistic styles and aesthetic conceptions, and combined Classification of styles and realms created by poetry. The whole article is filled with Taoist atmosphere. Tao is the ontology and life of the universe, giving rise to all things in the world. The twenty-four poems are also the twenty-four aesthetic realms derived from Tao. It is a theoretical work that discusses poetry creation, especially the aesthetic style of poetry. It not only vividly summarizes and depicts the characteristics of various poetry styles, but also deeply explores the formation of various artistic styles from a creative perspective, making considerable contributions to poetry creation, criticism and appreciation. This made it not only valued by the poetry circle at that time, but also had a great influence on later generations, becoming a classic in the history of Chinese literary criticism.
Poetry Theory
Most of Sikong Tu's poems express the leisurely mood of seclusion in mountains and rivers, and their content is very indifferent. He also wrote a poem to express his feelings: "If you have worries in poetry, you must be careful, and don't be unfair to the poems." In the history of literature, he is mainly famous for his poetry theory. His "Twenty-Four Poems" is a theoretical reflection of the high development of the art of Tang poetry. It is a comprehensive work on the pure art theory of poetry at that time. "Twenty-Four Poems" divides the artistic expression techniques of poetry into twenty-four styles, such as vigorous, implicit, clear, natural, and refined. Each style has one style, and each style is composed of twelve vivid four-character rhymes. Metaphorical explanation. It has a profound influence on later literary criticism and creation.
Sikong Tu develops the theory of Yin Fan and Jiao Ran in his poetry theory, focusing on the implicit charm and the mellow artistic conception of Qingyuan, advocating the "purpose beyond taste" and "near but not near" when discussing poetry. "Floating, distant and endless" ("On Poems and Books with Li Sheng"); pay attention to "the image outside the image, the scenery outside the scene" ("Books with Jipu"). He praised Wang Wei and Wei Yingwu's "interesting and clear" poetic style, but criticized Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi for being "powerful but weak" ("Reviewing Poems with Wang Jia"). He also praised the works of Li Bai, Du Fu and Han Yu's poems for their vigorous momentum and "strange changes in the shape of things" ("Preface to Liuzhou Collection"), but he did not stick to one style. In "Discussing Poems with Li Sheng", I quoted some of his favorite poems, which were found in early spring, in the mountains, in the south of the Yangtze River, under the fortress, in chaos, in Taoist palaces, in summer scenery, in Buddhist temples, in suburban gardens, in Yuefu, in loneliness, in comfort, etc., mostly in It is a poem that expresses leisurely feelings and interests, but tends to be quiet and beautiful. Some of his works, such as "Autumn Thoughts", "The Happy King Visits on the Double Ninth Festival", "Crazy Questions", "Illusion", "Reflections on the River Huang", etc., also reveal his unique sadness.
"Twenty-Four Poems" is his monograph on poetry, referred to as "Poems". Among them, the artistic style and artistic conception of poetry are divided into vigorous, dilute, slender, calm, ancient, elegant, refined, vigorous, beautiful, natural, implicit, bold, spiritual, meticulous, wild, strange, tortuous, There are twenty-four categories such as reality, pathos, description, transcendence, elegance, broad-mindedness, and flow. Each category is described by twelve four-character rhymes, which also involve the author's ideological cultivation and writing techniques. It is different from Zhong Rong's "Poetry" which focuses on criticizing the origin and grade of writers' works.
"Shipin" has a wide range of influence in creating forms of literary criticism. Works imitated in the Qing Dynasty include Yuan Mei's "Continued Poems" and Gu Han's "Supplementary Poems", as well as Ma Rongzu's "Wen Song", Xu Fengen's "Wen Pin", Wei Qiansheng's "Twenty-Four Fu Pins", Guo Lu's "Ci Pin" and so on.
Aesthetic Thoughts
Sikong Tu’s aesthetic thoughts include many levels. In his representative work on aesthetics, "Twenty-Four Poems", there are not only explanations of various styles, but also exploration of creative methods, as well as guidance on the poet's own cultivation. These also have strong guiding and reference significance for contemporary aesthetics.
Sikong Tu's "Twenty-Four Poems" uses twenty-four artistic conceptions to explain the twenty-four styles of poetry. It is undoubtedly precise and subtle, but if you think deeply, these twenty-four styles The style also contains the same aesthetic thoughts as Sikong Tu, such as the pursuit of nature and diluting aesthetic taste based on the thoughts of Lao and Zhuang; Sikong Tu's aesthetic theories such as "the purpose of taste is outside" and "the image is outside of image" are in There are also unique and distinct reflections in "Twenty-Four Poems". "Nature" is the highest ideal aesthetic realm in ancient Chinese literary creation. Its philosophical and aesthetic foundation is based on the advocating of Lao and Zhuang to indulge nature and oppose artificiality. Liu Xie said in "Wenxin Diaolong": "The carved colors of clouds and clouds are more wonderful than those of painters; the beauty of grass and trees does not need the wonders of brocade craftsmen; how can I cover my natural ears with external decorations?" Hence the first two sentences of this article. It is said: "Everywhere you can find it, don't take your neighbor."
"The meaning is that the truly beautiful poetic state can be obtained naturally, without having to search for it deliberately, so the next two sentences go on to say: "The road is suitable for the journey, and the spring will come true. ""Ju Dao", "Zhuangzi; Tianyun": "The Dao can be carried and followed. "Tao refers to nature. If you can be in harmony with nature, you will start to become spring without trying your best to pursue it. The four sentences in the middle further develop this meaning, such as the blooming of flowers and the newness of the year, all are natural phenomena, not Produced by human power. The "truth" in "True and not taken away" refers to the truth of nature, and and given together. These two sentences mean that those who are given by nature will not lose it, but those who try to obtain it by force will lose it. The four sentences say that the "secret man" lives in the empty mountain, and does not follow human desires and violate heaven's will. He walks around after the rain, occasionally sees apple grass, and picks it up at will. The "poor words" in the two sentences of "Bo Yan Qing Wu" are not intentional. As an auxiliary word, for example, "The Book of Songs" says, "Caicai Fuyi, Baoyancaizhi." "Emotion", emotional nature, nature, refers to the nature of nature. "Long-lasting Heavenly Jun" refers to the free and endless flow of the way of heaven. "Zhuangzi" says: "It is the sage who determines right and wrong, and nothing to do with heaven." Jun. "Tianjun, another version of Tianjun, Cheng Xuanying Shuyun: "Tianjun is the principle of natural equality. "It means to let the natural balance of all things operate. These two sentences mean to understand the free changes of all things based on the nature of nature. Li Bai's "Mount Emei Moon Song" says: "The half-cycle autumn moon on Mount Emei disappears into the flow of the Pingqiang River. The clear stream flows towards the Three Gorges at night, and I miss you and go down to Yuzhou without seeing you. "The boat sailing in the moonlit river is integrated with the mountains and rivers, like the emergence of natural creation, without any trace of artificial axe.
The artistic style of Sikong Tu embodies the beauty of two basic styles: masculine and feminine. The beauty of the various styles it has developed is stated in "Summary of the General Catalog of Siku" that it "lists all styles and does not focus on one style." Xu Yinfang also said in the postscript that "it teaches people poetry with a broad and informal approach." "One style". However, the greatest contribution of "Shi Pin" to the theory of artistic style is that it shifts from discussing the language style of literature in general to studying the artistic conception style of literature. In the Tang Dynasty, poetry and prose theory began to be divided, and the style theory in poetry theory gradually gradually Turning to the artistic conception style of poetry, this can be clearly seen in Jiao Ran's nineteen-character theory of style, while "Shipin" is a pure theory of poetic artistic conception style, which is very different from Liu Xie's.