(1). Pre-Qin literature
1. Ancient myth
China's famous ancient myth is:
Nu Wa (wā) fills the sky, Hou Yi (yì) shoots the sun, Jingwei fills the sea, (Pangu) opens the world, and the Yellow Emperor defends the enemy (chī) (Liu An: Huai Nanzi, etc. )
2. Pre-Qin prose
First, Confucian classics
"Four Books" refers to the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean.
The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing and Chunqiu.
"Six Classics" is also called Six Arts (Music).
B. historical prose.
Zuozhuan (Chronological Style), Warring States Policy (National Style) and Guoyu (National Style).
Three biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Gu Liang Zhuan and Ram Zhuan.
C. essays of a hundred schools of thought contend with:
(1) Lao zi, Li Er, the word forever (dān), the founder of the Taoist school, the author of the Tao Te Ching.
(2) Kong Qiu, Zhong Ni. He is the founder of Confucianism, and The Analects of Confucius is a book for Confucius disciples to record the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. ("Saving the World" and "Congratulations")
(3) Mozi Zhai (dí), the founder of Mohism. Mozi 53 articles.
(4) Mencius name, word Yu Zi. The successor of Confucian school. Mencius is a book in which Mencius students record Mencius' words and deeds. The more help you get from the Tao, the less help you get from the Tao. ) Born in sorrow, died in happiness. )
⑤ Zhuangzi, named Zhou, wrote Zhuangzi by Taoism during the Warring States Period. ("My Skillful Hands Help Cattle")
⑥ Xunzi, a Confucian in the Warring States Period, wrote 32 articles of Xunzi. ("Persuade to Learn")
All landowners Han Feizi, legalist. Everything is wrong. Bian Que meets Cai Huangong and Wu Zhu, and Naoko suspects his neighbor. )
⑧ Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a collective creation of Prime Minister Qin and his disciples. ("Check in")
Pet-name ruby Reese's masterpiece is the prose "Persuade and expel guests".
③ Pre-Qin poetry
A. the book of songs The Book of Songs is China's first poetry collection, with 305 poems in total. It is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and praise. Wind is a folk song, elegance is a music song, and ode is a sacrifice song. The performance of The Book of Songs is Bi Xing Fu. "Bi" is a metaphor, which is compared with other things. "Xing" says something else first to arouse the words to be sung, and "Fu" goes straight.
B. "Chu ci". Liu Xiang, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, edited the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book, and named it Chu Ci. Qu Yuan (before 340? -Top 277? Ping Ming, a great patriotic poet in China, was a left disciple in Chu State, such as Dr. San Lv. His representative works include Li Sao, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters.
(2). Han literature
Prose of Han dynasty
(1) Jia Yi, known as Jia Sheng. Also known as Jia Changsha, Jia Taifu. The author of the ten-volume New Book. "On Qin" and "On Accumulation and Sparse Storage" are his representative works.
② Sima Qian, with a long word, was a great historian and writer. The book "Historical Records" pioneered the "biographical style", which is divided into biographies, aristocratic families, biographies, famous watches and books. Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "A historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".
(3) Ban Gu's Hanshu and Liu Xiang's Warring States Policy are both famous in history.
B. Yuefu folk songs and fu.
1. Yuefu folk songs: music, folk music; Government, government. Yuefu was originally a poem collected by the music authorities in the Han Dynasty. Peacock Flying Southeast is the peak of narrative development in Han Yuefu. It was first seen in the New Yutai Fu compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties.
2. Fu is a synthesis of China's ancient poetry and prose.
Sima Xiangru's son Xu Fu and Shang Fulin. Jia Yi's ode to Qu Yuan is very famous.
(3). Literature of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
A. Poetry and Prose in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
1 "Three Caos". "Three Caos" are Cao Shi's father and son Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's view of the sea, Cao Pi's vast journey, Cao Zhi's famous white horse and Luo Shenfu are all famous.
② Seven sons of Jian 'an refer to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu (y incarnation), Angelababy (yáng) and Serina Liu. Wang Shen's seven-wound poem is his highest achievement.
(3) "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" refers to seven authors such as Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Xiang Embroidery.
(4) Tao Yuanming, whose real name is Qian and whose word is Ming, is called Mr. Jingjie. Peach Blossom Garden, returning home, returning to the garden and drinking are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
⑤ Besides, Zhuge Liang's Model, Ye Fan's History of the Later Han Dynasty, Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics all go down in history.
B. novels of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. (the development period of the novel)
(1) Mysterious novels are represented by Gan Bao's Search for Ji Shen. Mo Xie.
② Anecdotal novels are represented by Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Zhou Chu.
(D) Literature of the Tang Dynasty
1. Tang poetry
① "Four Great Masters in Early Tang Dynasty": Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo. Wang Bo's Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan and Preface to Wang Tengting are both famous.
② "pastoral poets" Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Wang is a great poet and a famous "painter and musician"; People say that he "has pictures in his poems and poems in his paintings". His representative works include Embattled, Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains and so on. Meng Haoran is a close friend of Wang Wei, and his masterpiece is Passing by the Old People's Village.
Second, modern literature (1840- 19 18)
Gong Zizhen, a thinker and writer in the Qing Dynasty, wrote "Jihai Miscellaneous Work", the main text of which is "Sick Plum Restaurant". Liang Qichao, whose real name is Zhuo Ru, is a public man, and he is the author of "Collected Works of Drinking Ice Room".
Wang Guowei, a modern scholar, is the author of "thorns on earth".
Lin Juemin, whose word means hole, wrote a famous book with his wife.
Sun Wen, also known as Sun Yat-sen, was the pioneer of China's democratic revolution. Author of The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen (Preface of Seventy-two Martyrs in Huanghuagang).
Three. Modern literature (19 19- 1949)
Lu Xun was originally named Zhou Shuren. He is the author of the novel Scream (including Diary of a Madman, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q, Hometown, etc. ), wandering (including praying and mourning the past, etc. ) and new stories.
Mao Dun's original name was Shen Dehong, and his name was Yan Bing. The masterpiece novel Midnight, his "rural trilogy" is Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Can Winter.
Ba Jin: Formerly known as Li Yaotang, his main works are Riptide Trilogy, Home, Spring and Autumn. Love trilogy, fog, rain, electricity.
Lao She was originally named Shu Qingchun. His main works are Camel Xiangzi, Four Generations under One Family, Crescent Moon, Longxugou, Teahouse after Liberation and so on.
In addition, Ye Shengtao's Ni Huanzhi, Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged, Shen Congwen's Border Town and Yu Dafu's Sinking are all famous works.
Guo Moruo, formerly named Guo Kaizhen. Its representative is the poetry collection Goddess. Later, he wrote Qu Yuan, Khufu and Gao Jian Li.
Cao Yu's Thunderstorm is an outstanding realistic tragedy. He has also written famous works such as Peking Man, Sunrise and Wang Zhaojun.
In addition, there are contract workers in Xia Yan, such as Moonlight on the Lotus Pond by Zhu Ziqing and Back, Send a Little Scholar and Little Orange Lantern by Bing Xin, Dayan River by Ai Qing and My Nanny, and Flowers in the Morning and Weeds by Lu Xun are all masterpieces.
Four. Contemporary Literature (1949-2005)
1. Zhou Libo's The Tempest and Ding Ling's The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River won the Stalin Literature Prize.
Zhao Shuli's Marriage of Little Black Boys and Li Youcai's Banhua.
Chronology of Baiyangdian Lake and Lianhua Lake by Sun Li
Yang Mo's Song of Youth
Liu Qing's entrepreneurial history
Gu Hua's furong town are all masterpieces.
The novelists who have risen in the contemporary era include, Cong, Wang Meng, Lu Yao, Ke Yunlu, Zhang Hangxing, Wang Anyi and Jia Pingwa.
2. Contemporary poetry, prose and drama by Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang by Li Ji.
Premier Zhou of Ke Yan, where am I? 》
The White-haired Girl by He Jingzhi and Yi Ding
Polaris of Wu Boxiao.
Yang Shuo Camellia Fu
Flower City in Qin Mu
Liu's Three Gorges of the Yangtze River
Bi Ye Qing Tian Zhao Tianshan Mountain
Shu Ting's The Oak
Verb (abbreviation of verb) common sense of foreign literature
Prehistoric myth
1, Ancient Greek Myth: Homer's Epic (Iliad and Odyssey)
2. Ancient Hebrew Myth: Bible (Complete Works of John)
3. In Asia, there is Arabian Nights (also called Arabian Nights), which is a collection of ancient Arab folk stories.
(2) the Greek and Roman times
1, prose
Utopia (Plato) and Poetics (Aristotle)
2. Drama
Prometheus in slavery (Aeschylus)
3. Fable
Aesop's Fables is said to have been written by a slave named Aesop.
(Mosquito and Lion, Hermes and Statue Maker)
(3) Medieval literature
1, knight literature
2. Italian literature
Dante (1265- 132 1) divine comedy
(4) Renaissance
1, Italian short story writer Boccaccio, author of decameron.
2. rabelais, a Frenchman, wrote Biography of the Giant.
The Spaniard Cervantes wrote Don Quixote.
4. The great English playwright Shakespeare. He has written more than thirty plays. Among them, Hamlet, King Lear and Othello Macbeth are four great tragedies. Romeo and Zhu and The Merchant of Venice are enduring.
(5), classicism
Representative works of French writer Moliere: Miser (Abagon), Hypocrite (Eldorf) and Don Juan.
(6) Enlightenment literature
German: Goethe's Faust and Young Werther.
Schiller's Plot and Love (Script)
France: Montesquieu's Notes on Persians
Rousseau's Confessions
(7) Romantic literature
Britain:
Byron's Don Juan (poetic novel)
Defoe's Robinson Crusoe
Ode to the west wind of Shelley (poem) to lark.
France:
Hugo Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables, 93
Flaubert's Madame Bovary
United States:
Whitman's Leaves of Grass (Poems)
(8)19th century European and American critical realism writers name country.
Stendhal's Red and Black and Fanina Fagnini's Law
Balzac's Human Comedy and Eugenie Grandet's Law
Bel ami, boule de suif and Necklace Method in Mo Bosang
Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities and david copperfield
Pushkin's yevgeni onegin and Comfort Daughter.
Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's Dead Soul, Coat and Imperial Envoy
Tolstoy's War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection.
Chekhov's The Sixth Ward and The Trapped and the Chameleon
O Henry's The Magi, the Police and the Gift of Hymns
Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Running for Governor
(9) Early proletarian literature
Hometown of famous writers' works
Eugè ne portal's The Internationale, The Blacksmith's Dream and The Method of the Insurgents.
Gorky's "Song of Haiyan", Mother, Earth, Mayakovski in the former Soviet Union as a child, Lenin in the former Soviet Union.
Oslinlovsky, How Steel was Tempered, the former Soviet Union.
Fadeev's "Young People Approaching the Army" and the "Destruction" of the former Soviet Union