Peacock Flying Southeast was first seen in Yutai New Poetry, which was named Jiao Zhongqing's wife's ancient poems. The whole poem consists of 353 sentences, 1765 words, which is not only a narrative long poem in the folk songs of Han Yuefu, but also a rare long poem in Chinese poetry. Peacock flying southeast is a common love tragedy in feudal society. Liu Lanzhi is a rebellious hero in Peacock Flying Southeast, a rare rebellious female image in the literary history of China, and the first mature awakened woman in the literary history of China. This image breaks through the narrow circle of individuals and families and has a wide range of social typical significance. Therefore, many experts and scholars analyzed the image of Liu Lanzhi from different angles, and also discussed the value of Liu Lanzhi from different aspects, such as historical value, realistic value and artistic value. As for the discussion of tragedy, more people focus on the discussion from the social perspective, focusing on the destruction and persecution of tragedy by feudal ethics represented by Jiao Mu and Liu Xiong, affirming that it is a social tragedy and summarizing its tragic significance. Some people even use western critical methods such as psychology and Oedipus complex to analyze the generation of characters and tragedies. These views and opinions are reasonable, but they are not satisfactory. For example, they either overemphasized the influence of feudal ethics on Liu Lanzhi at that time, or discussed the characters completely out of society. To some extent, they ignored the main aspect of Liu Lanzhi's character, that is, the significance of her rebellious character in promoting this tragic plot. On the contrary, this is Liu Lanzhi's struggle and destiny. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the formation of Liu Lanzhi's rebellious character and its role in this tragedy is also a way to understand this character and society. And we must grasp this well so as not to be biased.
(2)
The analysis of any works and characters is inseparable from the characters themselves.
Liu Lanzhi is a female image with kindness and rebellious spirit, with resistance as the main body. The soil for the formation of this rebellious spirit is feudal ethics and its feudal system in feudal society. This is directly reflected in the text.
First of all, the preface before the poem is:
"At the end of the Han Dynasty, Liu, the wife of Zhong Qing, a beadle in Lujiang House, was sent by Zhong Qing's mother and vowed not to marry. His family forced him to die without water. When Qing heard about it, he hanged himself in the courtyard tree. When a person is injured, it is poetry. "
From this preface, it is not difficult to find that this is a sad song based on facts. From the research point of view, the greatest significance of the preface is not to tell the love story of the protagonist Jiao Zhongqing and his wife Liu Lanzhi, but to point out the time when the story happened. From here, we can know that the death of Liu Lanzhi, the hero, is promising among the landlords in China, and the feudal system was on the rise at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. From this point of view, Liu Lanzhi is worthy of being an early rebel of feudal ethics, because she didn't give in to feudal ethics. Death and submission are the destruction of feudal ethics. But this is the destruction of two different natures. If she gives in, then although her body is still alive, her soul and her love ideal no longer exist. Death, on the other hand, shows her struggle to adhere to the ideal of love, conforms to the inevitability of historical development, wins the sympathy and respect of future generations, and becomes the spiritual inspiration for future generations to crush feudal shackles. Therefore, Liu's death broke through the narrow scope of individuals and families, which has great typical significance and exposed extremely common social problems. Liu Lanzhi's struggle is only an unconscious and hopeless conflict between his own reasonable human requirements and feudal ethics that violate these requirements. Therefore, her death is an inevitable requirement of personality development, and it is also a product that this requirement cannot be realized in fact. Her death is an indictment of the evil nature of feudal morality. Among them, the decisive factor is her rebellious character full of human nature.
Secondly, from the main part of the article, Liu Lanzhi is also a female image that combines kindness and rebellious spirit, with resistance as the mainstay.
On the surface, the tragic fact is that Jiao Zhongqing's mother doesn't like her daughter-in-law, and Jiao Zhongqing often travels on business, during which the contradiction between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is quite fierce. Liu Lanzhi complained to her husband that she couldn't stand her mother-in-law's harshness. Jiao Zhongqing tried to persuade her mother, but she scolded her and forced him to divorce his wife and remarry. Jiao Zhongqing was sandwiched between his mother and his wife, so he suggested that Liu Lanzhi go back to her family for a while and pick her up when he was finished. Liu Lanzhi left with tears in her eyes and went back to her family. After a while, the county magistrate and the magistrate sent media to propose marriage for their son. Liu Lanzhi's brother forced her to promise, and Liu Lanzhi secretly made up his mind to die in despair. The day before the wedding, Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, who learned the news, cried bitterly and agreed to "meet in the grave". On the night of the wedding of the Taishou family, Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing both committed suicide, and the two families buried them together.
This tragedy actually reflects the unfortunate situation that women in China feudal society can only let others decide their own destiny. In such a society, such a tragedy happened because of Liu Lanzhi's rebellious character. Liu Lanzhi had only two choices at that time: either to give in to Jiao Liumu Xiong and break the oath of love; Or defend their love vows with death. Liu Hejiao can't rebel at will. The third possibility. Because the social conditions they live in are not their own choice, but they were established and inherited in the past. Liu Lanzhi's death, of course, has external pressure, but also has its internal reasons. This is the main reason, that is, the rebellious character revealed from her. Imagine that if she succumbed to feudal ethics, someone would remember this tragedy and the character Liu Lanzhi in this tragedy!
Thirdly, Liu Lanzhi's rebellious spirit and rebellious character gradually emerged in a struggle against persecution.
It was the first conflict, and Zhong Qing asked his mother for a passage, depicting Jiao Mu's domineering and Zhong Qing's weakness. Lan Zhi's resignation from Shiva is the second conflict, which is much stronger than the first conflict, reflecting the ruthlessness of Jiao Mu and Lan Zhi's struggle. Lan Zhi's refusal to get married is the third conflict, which is the further development of the conflict. It unfolds between Lan Zhi and his brother, highlighting Lan Zhi's loyalty to wealth and immorality and his brother's meanness. Zhong Qing bid farewell to her mother and wrote down her stubbornness and Zhong Qing's commitment. These four conflicts became more and more fierce every time, until both of them were double suicide and the conflict finally reached its climax. In all conflicts, the protagonist Liu Lanzhi and his resolute struggle and rebellious spirit influenced and determined Zhong Qing's attitude and struggle. In these struggles, her rebellious character is vividly displayed in her language. The whole poem is "* * * 1,785 words, the first long poem in ancient and modern times. Rainy thoughts, repeated constantly, told more than a dozen people in Chinese, and each Xiao's voice is not a pen of chemical engineering? (1) Throughout the dialogue, especially in Liu Lanzhi's language, we can see Liu Lanzhi's attitude and tone when talking with Zhong Qing, focusing on the fact that her mother, her sister-in-law, her brother and mother are different, and it is in this difference that we can feel her diligence, kindness, oppression and rebellious spirit. In the poem, before Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing died, Lan Zhi pretended to agree to remarry. After Zhong Qing saw Lan Zhi, he went home to say goodbye to his mother. Their words at this moment are very suitable for their respective identities and situations. Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang once made such a detailed analysis: "Lan Zhi is not a white mother, but a white mother, a woman is a mother, and a son is a mother. It feels different. A woman who follows her husband is also afraid that her mother will be on guard. Her mother has a brother, but she can die. Son or wife, which is more important than mother? And what is mother's death, can there be no white? With the dead, love also. Don't let each other down. Women pay with death, so don't they die with peace of mind? When you were together, the mother regretted it and welcomed her daughter, but it is still possible that both of them are not dead. However, Tara refuses to welcome a woman. She can't die. Therefore, there is a difference in the words of white mother. Today, the child has made it clear in four words. Today, cold is like a rock, unknown so. I'm also afraid that my mother will feel defensive about me. If the official is a white mother and the mother is unguarded, then this woman will be gone for a long time. He won't die tomorrow, but what is it to die alone today? However, it is not necessary to say that this resentment is true. So, I answered with the boss's daughter to comfort her. However, government officials are all white mothers, and it is not said that women will change their fitness. They refuse to change if they don't say that women want to die, and welcome women. If they show true feelings, they will stop me from dying. " (2) just think, if Lan Zhi said to death, this weak woman is bound to be bound by violence and forced to get married. When the rooster crows outside, the bride wears strict makeup. I embroider a skirt, and everything is four or five ways. "I wrote the ambivalence when I left Jiao's family. She wants to get up at dawn, which shows her determination not to live in Jiao's house. Strict makeup is her protest and demonstration of focusing on her mother. When dressing up, everything is mixed, which shows that she loves Jiao Zhongqing and is reluctant to go. "Tears fell when I said goodbye to my sister-in-law. "Her sister-in-law's relationship is not easy to get along with, and Lan Zhi has a harmonious relationship with her sister-in-law, which shows that she understands etiquette and is easy to get along with. This is in contrast to the burnt wood. Besides, Lan Zhi's stubbornness can also be seen when she gave up her mother's tears and her sister-in-law's tears. When Lan Zhi died, he did not hesitate to "take off his skirt and silk shoes and lift himself to the pool"; Lyric interlude is less than action description, but it is also a successful pen. When Lan Zhi and Zhong Qing broke up for the first time, the author couldn't help but sigh, adding a tragic atmosphere. " Life is death, hate is success ",this sentence makes the finishing point, arousing people's sympathy for what happened to Liu Lanzhi. Even at the end of the poem, there is a strong lyric meaning, full of the author's sympathy and expectation. These lyrical episodes, which come naturally and without trace, add icing on the cake to shaping the characters, add the emotional color of the whole poem, and highlight the rebellious character of the characters, especially the protagonist Liu Lanzhi.
Why should we create the good side of Liu Lanzhi's character? After Liu Lanzhi returned to her family, she was bullied by paternalism. But is Liu Lanzhi fundamentally opposed to these feudal dogmas? As mentioned above, the analysis of Liu Lanzhi's rebellious character is not that she lacks rebellious spirit, but only confirms what Mr. Lu Xun said: "Tragedy is to destroy what is valuable to people." The deeper Liu Lanzhi's integrity and kindness, the more people can feel the power of tragedy. Liu Lanzhi in this article is hardworking and capable, filial to her mother-in-law, considerate of her husband, silently enduring her mother-in-law's torture, and has vague expectations for her future life. But this is not the main aspect, mainly her rebellious spirit, so that she has a clear understanding. Once she realized her mother-in-law's intention to expel her, she automatically put forward "condemnation" and "strictly pretended" to go on the road, and she was very calm about her fate. When A Xiong was forced to get married at a severe moment, she neither left nor argued, but she was obedient on the surface, but she held the idea of favoritism with death in her heart, calmly "lifted herself to the clear spring" and made a final struggle with the dark forces with her life. In this way, her tragedy gradually emerged, and her personality sparked under the collision of authoritarian forces. Through this tragedy, the great ideological value of Peacock Flying Southeast is as follows: the love tragedy of Liu Lanzhi's double suicide vividly exposes the feudal ethics of cannibalism in the early feudal society of China, enthusiastically praises the rebellious spirit of Liu Lanzhi's loyalty to love and resistance to oppression, and directly entrusts the people with their warm yearning for freedom of love and marriage.
(3)
To sum up, this is a tragedy of character, a tragedy under the conflict between Liu Lanzhi's rebellious character and powerful feudal forces and feudal ethics, which shows that Liu Lanzhi is not only a typical female image in China, but also an anti-feudal image full of rebellious spirit. It is the perfect unity of the two that constitutes Liu Lanzhi's permanent personality charm. The charm of tragedy lies in its destructive beauty; The misfortune of tragedy is that it is often not just a tragedy, but eternal life. In the history of China literature, the author found profound life lessons and social significance from this tragedy for the first time, and made a perfect embodiment with the mature five-character poem style at the end of Han Dynasty. This poem has exerted a great influence in the history of China literature, both in content and skill. So far, it has been adapted into various plays and is loved by the broad masses of the people. In a word, Liu Lanzhi was loyal to love, and his resistance to feudal ethics was thorough. It is this main character (rebellious character) in Liu Lanzhi's personality that determines her struggle and destiny, and it is also the main reason why her image can be passed down through the ages.