Wangwan
Passengers pass outside the green mountains and sail in front of the green water.
The tide is flat, the banks are wide, the wind is blowing and the sail is hanging.
Hai Ri is born and the night is over, and Jiang Chun is entering the old year.
Where can I find the hometown book? Return to Yanluoyang.
This is a five-character poem that describes the scenery and expresses emotions on the spot. "Under the Cibeigu Mountain", also known as "Jiangnan Yi", is Wang Wan's masterpiece and was already famous at the time. Yin Fan of the Tang Dynasty said in his selected collection of Heroes of Heyue that Wang Wan "traveled to Wuzhong and wrote a poem called "Jiangnan Yi": "Haifan was born in the last night, and Jiang Chun entered the old year." The poet has come, and there are few This sentence was written by Zhang Yangong in Zhengshitang, and every time he showed his ability to write, he ordered it to be in regular script." Zhang Yangong, the prime minister of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, said that he was a master of poetry and prose, and he actually copied Wangwan's poems by hand to teach scribes, which shows his high regard for this poem.
Beigu Mountain is located to the north of present-day Dantu County in Jiangsu Province, directly into Zhenjiang, and across the river. It faces rivers on three sides, with green mountains and wide waters, and beautiful scenery. Although the poet is from the north, he "traveled between Wu and Chu" in his life. This poem was written when he traveled to the south of the Yangtze River and saw the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, which made him feel nostalgic for the scenery. This song "Under the Mountain of Cibeigu" was first seen in Rui Tingzhang's "Collection of National Shows", and was later selected by Yin Fan to be included in "Collection of Heroes in Heyue". It was titled "Yangnan Yi", but there are some discrepancies in the words and sentences. He wrote: "There are many new ideas in the South, and there are many new ideas in the East. Waiting for the morning. The tide is flat on both sides, the wind is rising and the sails are hanging. The river is springing into the old year, but it is in the middle."
The first couplet is "The road is green. Outside, sailing in front of the green water." Using "green mountains" versus "green water" would be close to vulgarity elsewhere, but here the words "outside" and "front" are added after "green mountains" and "green water", which makes it look elegant and refined. It can be seen that the poet's journey involves both water and land. These two sentences are the unique scenery when the boat is anchored at the foot of Beigu Mountain. The post road for travelers to and from goes around the green mountains and extends far beyond the green mountains; the flying boat on the water seems to have sailed in front of the green water. So the idea of ??suspending travel emerged spontaneously. These two lines of the poem coincide with the word "second" in the title of the poem, which is called the opening point. The poem also reveals a slightly anxious mood. It seems to be said that everyone on the water and on the land has a return journey, but I am alone at the foot of the mountain. When can I expect to start my long journey home? The feeling of wandering south of the Yangtze River and wandering to my hometown is revealed lightly without leaving any trace.
The four sentences of the chin couplet and the neck couplet focus on describing the scenery on the river. "The tide is flat and the banks are wide, the wind is blowing and the sail is hanging", which is a beautiful landscape picture. "Both sides" and "one sail" face each other, showing the changes in the images of water and land. Because the tide is flat (calm, falling), the two sides of the bank are wide, and the wind is positive (steady, smooth), which makes the sails hang more appropriately. These two sentences express people's views and inner thoughts in a clean and neat way. The two sentences "Hai Ri is born and the night is over, Jiang Chun is entering the old year" are rich in meaning and cleverly constructed. They are also attractive aphorisms. Yin Fan said: "The poet has come, and this sentence is rare." Hu Yinglin said: "Describing the scenery, it is wonderful through the ages." "The sea is full of sunshine and the night is over" means that the river is open and flat, so you can see the horizon at a glance. So before the remaining night was over, the red sun had already emerged from the sea; it was as if the remaining night brought the red sun, instead of the red sun bringing the morning. "The spring of the river has entered the old year" means that the scenery along the river has revealed the news of spring; it seems that the roots and shoots of spring have been planted as early as the end of the old year. The two words "生" and "入" vividly describe the changes in nature's metabolism, and also hide the philosophy of life of the decline of life. Although these two sentences describe scenery, their meaning is higher than the scenery. When the scenery arouses emotion, it leads to the two final couplets. "Where can I get my hometown book? Return to Luoyang." Facing the red sun and spring scenery, the poet couldn't help but sigh with excitement about his travel career. The old days disappeared, the old years slipped away, and the swan geese heading north flew past in the sky, but I was still far away from the south of the Yangtze River. I don’t know when I will return home? Suddenly I remembered the story of "The Goose's Foot Sends a Letter", and I had to call Dayan sent a letter to his relatives back home in Luoyang. These two sentences closely follow the neck couplet and correspond to the first couplet. They describe the poet's faint nostalgia and emotion about life in early spring and on the road.
This poem has neat five-rhythm counterpoints and loud syllables. It has the atmosphere of a prosperous Tang Dynasty poem and has always been appreciated by future generations.
(Wangwan) A poem written by a traveler in Wuzhong called "Jiangnan Yi" says: "The sun is rising in the sea, and the night is dying, and the spring in the river is entering the old year." This sentence has rarely been seen since the poet. Zhang Yangong (Zhang Shuo) wrote the inscription in the Zhengshi Hall. Every time he showed that he could write, he ordered it to be regular. (Yin Fan's "Heyue Yingling Collection")
(Huang) Gu Gu said: "A Tang poem said: 'The moon in the sea is born in the remaining night, and the spring of the river enters the twilight years.' Put early meaning in the remaining night. There is a saying : 'The frightened cicadas move away from the willows, and the fighting birds fall into the quiet courtyard.' ([Song Dynasty] Wei Qingzhi's "Poet's Jade Chips" Vol. 3 Quotation)
Rui Tingzhang Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty. It is not included in the "Collection of National Shows", "Book of Tang·Yiwenzhi", and Song Dynasty's "Chongwen General Catalog". In Wuchen, the third year of Yuanyou, Liu Jingwen obtained the ancient book and passed it on to Zeng Yanhe. He congratulated Fang Hui on the biography and wrote the title "Ci Bei Gu Shan Xia Zuo" and wrote in Wangwan: "Luoyang Wei". In the eleventh year of Tianbao, Yin Fan compiled the "Collection of Heroes in Heyue" and took eight poems from the Bay. This is the sixth one. It is titled "Jiangnan Yi". The poems are also different. The first four sentences say: "There are many new ideas in the South, traveling eastward." Waiting for the morning. The tide is flat on both sides, the wind is rising and the sail is hanging. "The word "Hai Ri" and "Jiang Chun" are the same, but the last sentence is different, saying: "I always look at the weather, but I am biased here." It seems not as complete as "National Show".
(Volume 10 of Fang Hui's "Ying Kui Lü Sui")
"Both sides of the Taiwan Strait are lost" means that the tide is flat but the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are not seen. Unlike this work, which is "broad on both sides of the Taiwan Strait", it lacks flavor. The sun is early in the river, and winter is the beginning of spring for visitors. What is originally an ordinary idea, once tempered, becomes extraordinary. It has the same writing style as Shaoling's "no wind and clouds come out of the fortress, and the moon never falls in the sky".
(Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems")